Molecular Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Role of HSP90 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Liver Diseases.","authors":"V Nithyasree, P Magdalene, P K Praveen Kumar, J Preethi, M Michael Gromiha","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01251-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01251-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the fatal liver diseases which encompass a spectrum of disease severity associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a metabolic disorder. Heat shock proteins serve as markers in early prognosis and diagnosis of early stages of liver diseases associated with metabolic disorder. This review aims to comprehensively investigate the significance of HSP90 isoforms in T2DM and liver diseases. Additionally, we explore the collective knowledge on plant-based drug compounds that regulate HSP90 isoform targets, highlighting their potential in treating T2DM-associated liver diseases. Furthermore, this review focuses on the computational systems' biology and next-generation sequencing technology approaches that are used to unravel the potential medicine for the treatment of pleiotropy of these 2 diseases and to further elucidate the mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simple and Rapid Method of Probiotic Bacterial Ghost Cell Preparation to Deliver Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen.","authors":"Yesupatham Aarthi, Aravindha Anjana, Glaudia Tejal, Meenakshi Shanmugaraja, S Ramadevi, R Princess","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01260-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01260-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A bacterial ghost cell is an empty cell envelope of bacteria lacking cytoplasmic content. Bacterial ghost cells (BGs) can be used for various applications such as vaccines, adjuvants, and drug delivery systems. Since BGs offer many advantages over classically prepared vaccines, developing novel methods for the preparation of high-quality BGs remains to be an interesting field of study by various research groups. Several novel methodologies have been reported that involve the biological (gene E mediated) and combination of various chemicals such as NaOH, SDS, H₂O₂, CaCO₃, and ethanol, non-detergent method using Tween80, limulus antimicrobial peptide, and high hydrostatic pressure method, the porcine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (PMPA) 36-lysozyme fusion method, NaOH-Penicillin/Streptolysin combination method. In this study, we have reported a novel methodology that combines the action of chemical and physical factors to produce ghost cells from gram-negative bacteria, the probiotic E.coli Nissle 1917. The mild detergent Triton X-100 and NaCl alter the permeability of the cell membrane which is further amplified by heat shock induction. This enables the cell to expel its cytoplasmic components without affecting the external morphology. The efficiency of this method was analyzed based on viability assay, cell leakage assay, live-dead cell assay, and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Moreover, the protein loading capacity was optimized for Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen namely, ESAT-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deeper Exploration of Gut Microbiome: Profile of Resistome, Virome and Viral Auxiliary Metabolic Genes of Three Ethnic Indian Groups.","authors":"Gomathinayagam Sankaranarayanan, Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01249-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01249-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study explored the resistomes and viromes of three Indian ethnic populations: Jaisalmer, Khargone, and Ladakh. These three groups had different dietary habits and antibiotic consumption rates. A resistome analysis indicated that compared to the Jaisalmer (n = 10) group, the burden of antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiome was higher in the Khargone (n = 12) and Ladakh (n = 9) groups. However, correlational analysis factoring in food habits, healthcare, and economic status was not statistically significant due to the limited number of samples. A considerable number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were present in well-known gut commensals such as Bifidobacteriaceae, Acidomonococcaceae, etc., as retrieved directly by mapping to the Resfinder database using the Groot tool. Further, the raw reads were assembled using MEGAHIT, and putative bacteriophages were retrieved using the VIBRANT tool. Many of the classified bacteriophages of the virome revealed that bacteria belonging to the families Bifidobacteriaceae and Enterocococcaceae were their hosts. The prophages identified in these groups primarily contained auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) for primary amino acid metabolism. However, there were significantly fewer AMGs in the Ladakh group than in the Jaisalmer group (p < 0.05). None of the classified bacteriophages or prophages contained ARGs. This indicates that phages do not normally carry antibiotic resistance genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Small Non-Coding RNA in Gram-Negative Bacteria: New Insights and Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Functions, and Potential Applications.","authors":"Mansoor Khaledi, Mehrdad Khatami, Jaber Hemmati, Shahriar Bakhti, Seyedeh Asal Hoseini, Hossein Ghahramanpour","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01248-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01248-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are a key part of gene expression regulation in bacteria. Many physiologic activities like adaptation to environmental stresses, antibiotic resistance, quorum sensing, and modulation of the host immune response are regulated directly or indirectly by sRNAs in Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, sRNAs can be considered as potentially useful therapeutic options. They have opened promising perspectives in the field of diagnosis of pathogens and treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms. Identification of sRNAs can be executed by sequence and expression-based methods. Despite the valuable progress in the last two decades, and discovery of new sRNAs, their exact role in biological pathways especially in co-operation with other biomolecules involved in gene expression regulation such as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), riboswitches, and other sRNAs needs further investigation. Although the numerous RNA databases are available, including 59 databases used by RNAcentral, there remains a significant gap in the absence of a comprehensive and professional database that categorizes experimentally validated sRNAs in Gram-negative pathogens. Here, we review the present knowledge about most recent and important sRNAs and their regulatory mechanism, strengths and weaknesses of current methods of sRNAs identification. Also, we try to demonstrate the potential applications and new insights of sRNAs for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced SELEX Platforms for Aptamer Selection with Improved Characteristics: A Review.","authors":"Reza Didarian, Hatice K Ozbek, Veli C Ozalp, Ozcan Erel, Nimet Yildirim-Tirgil","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01256-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01256-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review delves into the advancements in molecular recognition through enhanced SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) platforms and post-aptamer modifications. Aptamers, with their superior specificity and affinity compared to antibodies, are central to this discussion. Despite the advantages of the SELEX process-encompassing stages like ssDNA library preparation, incubation, separation, and PCR amplification-it faces challenges, such as nuclease susceptibility. To address these issues and propel aptamer technology forward, we examine next-generation SELEX platforms, including microfluidic-based SELEX, capillary electrophoresis SELEX, cell-based aptamer selection, counter-SELEX, in vivo SELEX, and high-throughput sequencing SELEX, highlighting their respective merits and innovations. Furthermore, this article underscores the significance of post-aptamer modifications, particularly chemical strategies that enhance aptamer stability, reduce renal filtration, and expand their target range, thereby broadening their utility in diagnostics, therapeutics, and nanotechnology. By synthesizing these advanced SELEX platforms and modifications, this review illuminates the dynamic progress in aptamer research and outlines the ongoing efforts to surmount existing challenges and enhance their clinical applicability, charting a path for future breakthroughs in this evolving field.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PFN1 Knockdown Aggravates Mitophagy to Retard Lung Adenocarcinoma Initiation and M2 Macrophage Polarization.","authors":"Rongrong Sun, Yang Li, Yu Feng, Xiaoyan Shao, Rantian Li, Hao Li, Sanyuan Sun, Jiangbo Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01228-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01228-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are considered as crucial influencing factors of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) carcinogenesis and metastasis. Profilin 1 (PFN1) has been proposed as a potent driver of migration and drug resistance in LUAD. The focus of this work was to figure out the functional mechanism of PFN1 in macrophage polarization in LUAD. PFN1 expression and its significance in patients' survival were detected by ENCORI and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. RT-qPCR and western blotting examined PFN1 expression in LUAD cells. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay detected cell proliferation. Flow cytometry detected cell apoptosis. Relevant assay kit tested caspase3 concentration. Western blotting analyzed the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining measured M1 and M2 macrophages markers. Mitophagy was assessed by MitoTracker Red staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. PFN1 expression was increased in LUAD tissues and cells and correlated with the poor survival rate of LUAD patients. Deficiency of PFN1 hindered the proliferation, whereas facilitated the apoptosis of LUAD cells. Additionally, PFN1 interference impaired M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, PFN1 knockdown exacerbated the mitophagy in LUAD cells and mitophagy inhibitor mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) notably reversed the effects of PFN1 down-regulation on the proliferation, apoptosis as well as macrophage polarization in LUAD cells. To sum up, activation of mitophagy initiated by PFN1 depletion might obstruct the occurrence and M2 macrophage polarization in LUAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing Dynamics of Protein Phosphorylation: A Study on the Cashmere Fineness Disparities in Liaoning Cashmere Goats.","authors":"Yanjun Qiao, Ming Gu, Xiaowei Wang, Rui Chen, Lingchao Kong, Shuaitong Li, Jiaqi Li, Qingkun Liu, Sibing Hou, Zeying Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01244-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01244-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exploring the landscape of protein phosphorylation, this investigation focuses on skin samples from LCG (Liaoning Cashmere Goats), characterized by different levels of cashmere fineness. Employing LC-MS/MS technology, we meticulously scrutinized FT-LCG (fine-type Liaoning Cashmere Goats) and CT-LCG (coarse-type Liaoning Cashmere Goats). Identifying 512 modified proteins, encompassing 1368 phosphorylated peptide segments and 1376 quantifiable phosphorylation sites, our exploration further revealed consistent phosphorylation sites in both groups. Analysis of phosphorylated peptides unveiled kinase substrates, prominently featuring Protein Kinase C, Protein Kinase B and MAPK3-MAPK1-MAPK7-NLK-group. Differential analysis spotlighted 28 disparate proteins, comprising six upregulated and twenty-two downregulated. Cluster analysis showcased the robust clustering efficacy of the two sample groups. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses underscored the significance of the purine metabolism pathway, suggesting its pivotal role in modulating cashmere fineness in LCG. Notably, through differential protein analysis, two crucial proteins were identified: HSL-X (hormone-sensitive lipase isoform X1) and KPRP (keratinocyte proline-rich protein). Further evidence supports LIPE and KPRP as key genes regulating cashmere fineness, paving the way for promising avenues in further research. These findings not only contribute to a nuanced understanding of protein-level dynamics in cashmere but also provide a theoretical foundation for the selective breeding of superior Liaoning Cashmere Goat strands.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Immune Infiltration and Sonic Hedgehog Expression Mechanism in Synovial Tissue of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Interstitial Lung Disease under Machine Learning CIBERSORT Algorithm.","authors":"Qunqun Lu, Yizhen Jiang, Xiaofeng Cang, Jiaojiao Pan, Xiaowen Shen, Ruoyu Tang, Zhe Zhou, Yiwen Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01245-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01245-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is one of the common complications in patients with RA, which affects their quality of life. The CIBERSORT algorithm is widely employed to determine the proportion of immune cells (ICs) in diseased tissues, while the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, as an imperative regulatory factor, has also attracted attention in the pathology of RA-ILD. This work was to explore the mechanisms of RA-ILD immune infiltration and synovial tissue (ST) Shh expression based on the CIBERSORT algorithm. The differential genes of RA-ILD were subjected to pathway enrichment analysis using R language. The content and proportion of 22 types of ICs in RA-ILD lung tissues were analyzed using machine learning-based CIBERSORT algorithm. Meanwhile, immunoblotting was employed to detect and analyze the expression of Shh, Smoothened (Smo), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) proteins in ST samples from RA-ILD and Ctrl groups (RA patients without ILD). The hub target genes in the protein network associated with RA-ILD include BSG, CCL2, CTLA4, FGFBP1, GLI1, HHIP, HLA-DRB1, IFNAR1, IL17A, IL23A, IL-6, INPP4A, LILRB1, MUC5B, PADI4, PPM1A, PTCH1, PTPN22, RSPO4, Shh, SMO, STAT4, SUFU, TAOK2, TIMP2, and TWSG1, which are involved in multiple pathways, such as B cell regulation, transcription factors of the Shh pathway, and ST immune tolerance-related pathways. In the immunological analysis of RA-ILD using the CIBERSORT algorithm, HLA (r = - 0.26), PTPN22 (r = - 0.36), STAT4 (r = - 0.18), IL-6 (r = - 0.17), CTLA4 (r = - 0.27), and PADI4 (r = - 0.21) were all found to exhibit negative correlations with CD4+T cells (P < 0.05). Monocytes were found to be more abundant in RA-ILD patients' serum versus the Ctrl group. Shh, Smo, and BMP expressions were drastically lower in the RA-ILD group versus Ctrl group (P < 0.05). Significant immune cell infiltration was observed in the lung tissues of RA-ILD patients. Further analysis utilizing the CIBERSORT algorithm revealed alterations in the proportions of different IC subtypes, indicating their association with disease severity and prognosis. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the expression levels of Shh, Smo, and BMP. These findings underscore the importance of immune cells in the pathophysiology of RA-ILD and suggest a potential involvement of the Shh signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of RA-ILD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Analysis Exploring the Impact of an Immunogenic Cell Death-Related Panel for Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Rui Chen, Jie Ren, Yifei Wang, Xing Zhang, Yifan Jia, Chang Liu, Kai Qu","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01215-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01215-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer (OV) is a malignant tumor that ranks first among gynecological cancers, thus posing a significant threat to women's health. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) can regulate cell death by activating the adaptive immune system. Here, we aimed to comprehensively characterize the features of ICD-associated genes in ovarian cancer, and to investigate their prognostic value and role in the response to immunotherapy. After analyzing datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we utilized weighted gene coexpression network analysis to screen for hub genes strongly correlated with ICD genes in OV, which was subsequently validated with OV samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A prognostic risk model was then constructed after combining univariate, multivariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analysis to recognize nine ICD-associated molecules. Next, we stratified all OV patients into two subgroups according to the median value. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk model could predict OV patient survival with good accuracy. The same results were also found in the validation set from GEO. We then compared the degree of immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment between the two subgroups of OV patients, and revealed that the high-risk subtype had a higher degree of immune infiltration than the low-risk subtype. Additionally, in contrast to patients in the high-risk subgroup, those in the low-risk subgroup were more susceptible to chemotherapy. In conclusion, our research offers an independent and validated model concerning ICD-related molecules to estimate the prognosis, degree of immune infiltration, and chemotherapy susceptibility in patients with OV.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression, Sarkosyl Solubilization, DNase Activity, Purification, and SPR Binding Affinity of Recombinant Diphtheria Toxoid (rCRM197EK) Expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).","authors":"Mia Tria Novianti, Toto Subroto, Yusuf Sofyan Efendi, Umi Baroroh, Shinta Kusumawardani, Gilang Gumilar, Muhammad Yusuf, Shabarni Gaffar","doi":"10.1007/s12033-024-01238-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-024-01238-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CRM197EK is a derivative of diphtheria toxoid cross-reactive material-197 (CRM197) with two-point mutations (K51E and E148K) to improve its properties for a vaccine conjugate and drug delivery. A previous study has shown that intracellularly expressing CRM197EK in Escherichia coli (E. coli) host formed inclusion bodies that need a complicated purification and refolding step. Protein purification from inclusion bodies can be overcome by solubilization of inclusion bodies by using N-lauroyl sarcosine (sarkosyl). In this work, recombinant CRM197EK (rCRM197EK) was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) as inclusion bodies, then solubilized using sarkosyl to form a soluble rCRM197EK without the need for a renaturation process. Furthermore, rCRM197EK was purified using the Ni-NTA column, characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot, and its biological activity was assayed through its DNase activity. Moreover, its binding affinity with anti-diphtheria toxin (DT) antibody was measured using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The result showed that solubilization with sarkosyl form soluble rCRM197EK (61.61 kDa) was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot with a yield of 2.8 mg/mL. rCRM197EK shows DNase activity, and the SPR assay shows that it can interact with an anti-DT antibody with a binding energy of - 9.2 kcal/mol.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}