National Science Review最新文献_第8页

US-China cooperation and competition in science and technology. 中美在科技领域的合作与竞争。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-01-20 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf001

Mu-Ming Poo

引用次数: 0

Experimental demonstration of a diamond quantum vector magnetometer for deep-sea applications. 深海金刚石量子矢量磁力计的实验演示。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-01-15 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae478

Ziyun Yu, Yunbin Zhu, Wenzhe Zhang, Ke Jing, Shuo Wang, Chuanxu Chen, Yijin Xie, Xing Rong, Jiangfeng Du

{"title":"Experimental demonstration of a diamond quantum vector magnetometer for deep-sea applications.","authors":"Ziyun Yu, Yunbin Zhu, Wenzhe Zhang, Ke Jing, Shuo Wang, Chuanxu Chen, Yijin Xie, Xing Rong, Jiangfeng Du","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwae478","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetometry plays an important role in exploring the deep sea, which is one of the Earth's final unknown frontiers. However, the complexity of the marine environment and the limitations of conventional magnetometers restrict its in-depth application. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond offers a potential solution to encompass and transcend conventional ocean magnetometers. Its unique advantages, such as precise vector measurement and tolerance to extreme environments, make it well suited for deep-sea applications like navigation. This work introduces the first deep-sea quantum vector magnetometer based on NV centers. The performance of this magnetometer is effectively validated by a series of field tests on the manned submersible Shenhai Yongshi during a cruise in the South China Sea, including an experimental underwater navigation using the diamond quantum sensor as a magnetic compass. This successful deep-sea application marks a milestone for transforming this promising solid-state spin quantum system into a practical sensor for real-world marine applications.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 4","pages":"nwae478"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11992572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adduct-catalyzed tandem electro-thermal synthesis of organophosphorus (III) compounds from white phosphorus. 白磷加成催化串联电热合成有机磷 (III) 化合物。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-01-14 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf008

Jingcheng Hu, Haoyu He, Minghao Xu, Xiaotian Qi, Chao Fu, Hong Yi, Aiwen Lei

{"title":"Adduct-catalyzed tandem electro-thermal synthesis of organophosphorus (III) compounds from white phosphorus.","authors":"Jingcheng Hu, Haoyu He, Minghao Xu, Xiaotian Qi, Chao Fu, Hong Yi, Aiwen Lei","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf008","url":null,"abstract":"Electrooxidation strategies for synthesizing readily oxidizable products face notable challenges, especially when the oxidation potential of the products is lower than that of the reactants or when high current densities are necessary. The electrooxidation synthesis of trivalent organophosphorus compounds (OPCs (III)) from white phosphorus (P4) has demonstrated potential but is hindered by selectivity issues due to over-oxidation. Herein, we report a tandem electro-thermal synthesis pathway that addresses these challenges in producing OPCs (III) from P4. The process begins with an electrooxidation step that generates a stable trivalent phosphorus transfer reagent, then thermochemically converted into various high-value OPCs (III). Utilizing hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as the nucleophile and optimizing a tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI)-4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)-adduct catalytic system, we developed an efficient electrophilic phosphorus transfer reagent via electrosynthesis. The adduct facilitates the oxidation of P4 and enhances the nucleophilicity of HFIP, thereby improving the electrooxidation process. This approach supports high current density, scales up to the hundred-gram level without yield loss, and remains compatible with fluctuating green electricity.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 3","pages":"nwaf008"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Realization of a cold atom gyroscope in space. 空间冷原子陀螺仪的实现。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-01-11 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf012

Jinting Li, Xi Chen, Danfang Zhang, Wenzhang Wang, Yang Zhou, Meng He, Jie Fang, Lin Zhou, Chuan He, Junjie Jiang, Huanyao Sun, Qunfeng Chen, Lei Qin, Xiao Li, Yibo Wang, Xiaowei Zhang, Jiaqi Zhong, Runbing Li, Meizhen An, Long Zhang, Shuquan Wang, Zongfeng Li, Jin Wang, Mingsheng Zhan

{"title":"Realization of a cold atom gyroscope in space.","authors":"Jinting Li, Xi Chen, Danfang Zhang, Wenzhang Wang, Yang Zhou, Meng He, Jie Fang, Lin Zhou, Chuan He, Junjie Jiang, Huanyao Sun, Qunfeng Chen, Lei Qin, Xiao Li, Yibo Wang, Xiaowei Zhang, Jiaqi Zhong, Runbing Li, Meizhen An, Long Zhang, Shuquan Wang, Zongfeng Li, Jin Wang, Mingsheng Zhan","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf012","url":null,"abstract":"High-precision gyroscopes in space are essential for fundamental physics research and navigation. Due to its potential high precision, the cold atom gyroscope is expected to be one of the next generation of gyroscopes in space. Here, we report the first realization of a cold atom gyroscope, which was demonstrated by the atom interferometer installed in the China Space Station (CSS) as a payload. By compensating for the CSS's high dynamic rotation rate using a built-in piezoelectric mirror, spatial interference fringes in the interferometer are successfully obtained. Then, the optimized ratio of the Raman laser's angles is derived, the coefficients of the piezoelectric mirror are self-calibrated in orbit, and various systemic effects are corrected. We achieve a rotation measurement resolution of 50 μrad/s for a single shot and 17 μrad/s for an average number of 32. The measured rotation is -1142 ± 29 μrad/s and is compatible with that recorded by the classical gyroscope of the CSS. This study paves the way for developing high-precision cold atom gyroscopes in space.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 4","pages":"nwaf012"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11960097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global elevation of algal bloom frequency in large lakes over the past two decades. 过去二十年来，全球大型湖泊中藻华频率的升高。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-01-11 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf011

Ying Wang, Dan Zhao, R Iestyn Woolway, Haoran Yan, Hans W Paerl, Yi Zheng, Chunmiao Zheng, Lian Feng

{"title":"Global elevation of algal bloom frequency in large lakes over the past two decades.","authors":"Ying Wang, Dan Zhao, R Iestyn Woolway, Haoran Yan, Hans W Paerl, Yi Zheng, Chunmiao Zheng, Lian Feng","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf011","url":null,"abstract":"The recent increase in algal blooms in lakes, potentially exacerbated by climate warming, is of global concern. However, a spatially and temporally detailed characterization of algal bloom trends at a global scale has been lacking, posing challenges to definitively attribute the increase trend to warming as a primary driver. Here, we used daily MODIS satellite observations from 2003 to 2022 to analyze algal bloom trends in 1956 large freshwater lakes worldwide. Among these lakes, 620 have experienced algal bloom events in over half of the years during the past two decades, with an upward trend in bloom frequency observed in 504 lakes. This trend is particularly prominent in subtropical regions and has become most pronounced after 2015. The global median annual bloom frequency has significantly increased at a rate of +1.8%/yr over the past two decades, showing a significant correlation with air temperatures (r 2 = 0.43, P < 0.05). Furthermore, in 44.8% of the bloom-affected lakes, we observed a strong correlation between air temperature and bloom frequency. Our study helps clarify the factors contributing to the global expansion of algal blooms and emphasizes the urgent need to recognize and address this growing environmental challenge within the context of climate warming.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 3","pages":"nwaf011"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulating the electrocatalytic active centers for accelerated proton transfer towards efficient CO₂ reduction. 调节电催化活性中心加速质子转移以实现有效的CO2还原。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-01-10 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf010

Yunxiang Lin, Shaocong Wang, Hengjie Liu, Xue Liu, Li Yang, Xiaozhi Su, Lei Shan, Xiyu Li, Li Song

{"title":"Regulating the electrocatalytic active centers for accelerated proton transfer towards efficient CO2 reduction.","authors":"Yunxiang Lin, Shaocong Wang, Hengjie Liu, Xue Liu, Li Yang, Xiaozhi Su, Lei Shan, Xiyu Li, Li Song","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf010","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an important application that can considerably mitigate environmental and energy crises. However, the slow proton-coupled electron transfer process continues to limit overall catalytic performance. Fine-tuning the reaction microenvironment by accurately constructing the local structure of catalysts provides a novel approach to enhancing reaction kinetics. Here, cubic-phase α-MoC1-x nanoparticles were incorporated into a carbon matrix and coupled with cobalt phthalocyanine molecules (α-MoC1-x-CoPc@C) for the co-reduction of CO2 and H2O, achieving an impressive Faradaic efficiency for CO close to 100%. Through a combination of in-situ spectroscopies, electrochemical measurements, and theoretical simulations, it is demonstrated that α-MoC1-x nanoparticles and CoPc molecules with optimized local configuration serve as the active centers for H2O activation and CO2 reduction, respectively. The interfacial water molecules were rearranged, forming a dense hydrogen bond network on the catalyst surface. This optimized microenvironment at the electrode-electrolyte interface synergistically enhanced water dissociation, accelerated proton transfer, and improved the overall performance of CO2RR.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 3","pages":"nwaf010"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The multi-organ landscape of B cells highlights dysregulated memory B cell responses in Crohn's disease. 多器官的B细胞景观突出失调的记忆B细胞反应在克罗恩病。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-01-10 eCollection Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf009

Dianyu Chen, Song Xu, Shuyan Li, Qiuying Wang, Hui Li, Danyang He, Yan Chen, Heping Xu

{"title":"The multi-organ landscape of B cells highlights dysregulated memory B cell responses in Crohn's disease.","authors":"Dianyu Chen, Song Xu, Shuyan Li, Qiuying Wang, Hui Li, Danyang He, Yan Chen, Heping Xu","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwaf009","url":null,"abstract":"Crohn's disease (CD) is a prevalent type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with dysregulated antibody responses. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of B cell responses in CD. Here, we collected B cells from the small intestine, colon and blood of CD patients and control subjects. Through the coupled analysis of transcriptome and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene in individual cells, we characterized the cellular composition, transcriptome and Ig clonotype in different B cell subtypes. We observed shared disruptions in plasma cell (PC) responses between different IBD subtypes. We revealed heterogeneity in memory B cells (MBCs) and showed a positive correlation between gut resident-like MBCs and disease severity. Furthermore, our clonotype analysis demonstrated an increased direct differentiation of MBCs into PCs in CD patients. Overall, this study demonstrates significantly altered B cell responses associated with chronic inflammation during CD and highlights the potential role of mucosal MBCs in CD pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 4","pages":"nwaf009"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unleashing the potential of artificial intelligence in infectious diseases. 释放人工智能在传染病领域的潜力。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-01-08 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf004

Hang-Yu Zhou, Yaling Li, Jiaying Li, Jing Meng, Aiping Wu

引用次数: 0

Cretaceous chewing-louse eggs on enantiornithine birds. 白垩纪鸟类身上的嚼虱卵

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-01-07 eCollection Date: 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae479

Chenyang Cai, Kevin P Johnson, Yanzhe Fu, Daniel R Gustafsson, Dany Azar, Yitong Su, Qiang Xuan, Michael S Engel, Diying Huang

引用次数: 0

An _epH-driven DNA nanodevice for impeding metastasis in vivo by selectively blocking cell signaling. 通过选择性阻断细胞信号传导来阻止体内转移的epf驱动的DNA纳米装置。

IF 16.3 1区综合性期刊

National Science Review Pub Date : 2025-01-07 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae471

Kun Yuan, Hong-Min Meng, Hongzhi Sun, Lingbo Qu, Zhaohui Li, Weihong Tan

{"title":"An epH-driven DNA nanodevice for impeding metastasis in vivo by selectively blocking cell signaling.","authors":"Kun Yuan, Hong-Min Meng, Hongzhi Sun, Lingbo Qu, Zhaohui Li, Weihong Tan","doi":"10.1093/nsr/nwae471","DOIUrl":"10.1093/nsr/nwae471","url":null,"abstract":"Invasion and metastasis dominate tumor progression, causing a substantial proportion of cancer-related deaths. However, the efficacy of current antimetastatic treatments is hampered by the dearth of targeted therapeutics. Recently developed synthetic-receptor toolkits offer potential for artificially regulating cellular behavior. However, to the best of our knowledge, none has yet successfully suppressed tumor metastasis in vivo. Here, we report the first extracellular pH (epH)-driven DNA nanodevice for use in antimetastatic treatment in vivo by manipulating heterogeneous receptors on the tumor cell surface. This DNA nanodevice was constructed by partially locking tumorigenic receptor-specific aptamers with two i-motifs. Acidic extracellular pH induced dynamic allosteric reassembly within the nanodevice. The restructured nanodevice enabled oligomerization of c-Met and transferrin receptor, which inhibited tumor metastasis by blocking the hepatic growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling pathway. A suppressive efficacy of 86.25% was verified in an early hepatocarcinoma-pulmonary-metastasis mouse model. Such impressive antimetastatic efficacy suggests an efficient paradigm for developing adaptive antimetastatic therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":18842,"journal":{"name":"National Science Review","volume":"12 3","pages":"nwae471"},"PeriodicalIF":16.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11879464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0