Nature Reviews Microbiology最新文献_第7页

Infection cycles of viruses of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota 核细胞病毒门病毒的感染周期。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-05-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01319-6

Chantal Abergel, Jônatas Santos Abrahão, Fasseli Coulibaly, Matthias Fischer, Sandra Jeudy, Roland L. Knorr, Mart Krupovic, Matthieu Legendre, Daniel Pérez-Núñez, Chisom Nwokolo, Victória Queiroz, Alain Schmitt, James L. Van Etten, Anouk Willemsen, Hugo Bisio

{"title":"Infection cycles of viruses of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota","authors":"Chantal Abergel, Jônatas Santos Abrahão, Fasseli Coulibaly, Matthias Fischer, Sandra Jeudy, Roland L. Knorr, Mart Krupovic, Matthieu Legendre, Daniel Pérez-Núñez, Chisom Nwokolo, Victória Queiroz, Alain Schmitt, James L. Van Etten, Anouk Willemsen, Hugo Bisio","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01319-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-026-01319-6","url":null,"abstract":"The phylum Nucleocytoviricota, formerly known as nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs), comprises evolutionarily related viruses with remarkably diverse genome sizes, coding capacities and virion morphologies. These viruses infect hosts across the eukaryotic tree of life, from protists to humans, and are believed to have emerged during the early stages of eukaryotic evolution. How the basic aspects of virus–host interaction have evolved in different lineages and whether they share a conserved infection cycle remain unclear. In this Review, we synthesize the information on the infection cycles of model representatives from the major orders within the phylum, revealing both shared traits and lineage-specific innovations. We compare the information available for the extensively studied poxviruses, asfiviruses, iridoviruses and chloroviruses with insights from the rapidly expanding literature on the mimiviruses, pandoraviruses, marseilleviruses and pithoviruses. We provide an overview of the molecular details underlying the key stages of Nucleocytoviricota infection cycles: entry via membrane fusion, formation of viral factories organized via phase separation, genome replication, virion morphogenesis through a crescent intermediate, and egress. We highlight outstanding questions in the field, unify concepts across traditionally separated research areas, and provide a conceptual framework to guide future cell biology studies on large double-stranded DNA viruses. In this Review, Abergel et al. overview infection cycles across the Nucleocytoviricota phylum, highlighting shared mechanisms and lineage-specific features spanning viral entry, viral factory formation, genome replication, virion morphogenesis and egress, and discuss key unresolved questions in the field.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 10","pages":"715-731"},"PeriodicalIF":104.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agricultural intensification, microbial homogenization and loss of rare microbiota. 农业集约化，微生物同质化和稀有微生物群的损失。

IF 103.3 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-05-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01315-w

Samiran Banerjee, Debarshi Dasgupta, Marcel G A van der Heijden

{"title":"Agricultural intensification, microbial homogenization and loss of rare microbiota.","authors":"Samiran Banerjee, Debarshi Dasgupta, Marcel G A van der Heijden","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01315-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-026-01315-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To meet the needs of a growing human population, agricultural management practices have undergone substantial intensification, specialization and industrialization. This has contributed to biotic homogenization and a loss of diversity in microbial communities within agricultural systems. In this Perspective, we summarize recent studies that report microbial homogenization due to agricultural intensification. We propose a definition of microbial homogenization and explore how intensive agricultural practices can cause taxonomic, physiological, genetic and functional homogenization of microbial communities. Our analysis indicates that globally the diversity of rare taxa is lower in intensively managed agricultural lands compared with less-intensive lands and that agricultural intensification suppresses beneficial microorganisms and promotes pathogenic taxa. We identify microbial taxa that are sensitive to intensification and discuss how the disproportionate impact on rare microbiota can threaten agro-ecosystem functions and food security. Finally, we outline key challenges and suggest areas that require further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":103.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148032866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No escape for therapeutic bacteria 治疗细菌无处可逃。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-05-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01325-8

Andrea Du Toit

引用次数: 0

An invasive plant reveals the importance of mycorrhizal fungi 入侵植物揭示了菌根真菌的重要性。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01326-7

Mark A. Anthony

引用次数: 0

Fungal diversity, ecology and functions in soil ecosystems. 土壤生态系统真菌多样性、生态学和功能。

IF 103.3 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01321-y

Matthias C Rillig

引用次数: 0

Keeping off the weight with Akkermansia 用Akkermansia减肥。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01324-9

Agustina Taglialegna

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the life cycle of temperate phages 重温温带噬菌体的生命周期。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-05-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01318-7

Jakob T. Rostøl, Cora Chmielowska, Alberto Marina, José R. Penadés

{"title":"Revisiting the life cycle of temperate phages","authors":"Jakob T. Rostøl, Cora Chmielowska, Alberto Marina, José R. Penadés","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01318-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-026-01318-7","url":null,"abstract":"Temperate bacteriophages (phages) are ubiquitous viruses that co-evolve with their bacterial hosts. They are defined by their ability to undergo two distinct life cycles: the lytic cycle, in which the phage produces more viral copies and kills the host, and the lysogenic cycle, in which the temperate phage exists as a prophage in the host. Temperate phages have long served as fundamental models in microbiology, genetics and evolutionary biology research, and their life cycles are among the most thoroughly characterized in virology. Historically, the phage life cycle was viewed primarily through the lens of how excision, replication and packaging drive the formation of infective particles. Although it captures the central processes of the phage life cycle, this narrow perspective overlooks the full range of interactions with the host and with other mobile genetic elements. In this Review, we re-examine the temperate phage life cycle in light of emerging insights that expand on this framework with unanticipated complexities. We argue that many properties of (pro)phages should be viewed as integral parts of their life cycle instead of being discussed separately. This holistic view is important to fully appreciate the intricacies of the temperate phage life cycle and the key roles of these viruses in microbiology and biotechnological applications. The life cycle of temperate bacteriophages involves lytic or lysogenic cycles and has historically served as a model for studying genetic regulation. This Review provides an updated overview of these cycles and highlights their complexities, supporting a greater appreciation of the ecological roles of temperate phages.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 10","pages":"702-714"},"PeriodicalIF":104.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147982266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prophylaxis reimagined: innovation where vaccines and antibiotics fall short 重新设想预防：疫苗和抗生素不足的创新。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-05-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01323-w

Merve Suzan Zeden

引用次数: 0

Ciliate hydrogen organelles fuel rumen methanogenesis 纤毛虫氢细胞器为瘤胃产甲烷提供燃料。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-05-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01322-x

Agustina Taglialegna

引用次数: 0

Concepts of RNA virus evolution for the design of better antiviral countermeasures RNA病毒进化的概念为设计更好的抗病毒对策。

IF 104.6 1区生物学

Nature Reviews Microbiology Pub Date : 2026-05-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-026-01316-9

Quang-Dinh Tran, Marco Vignuzzi

{"title":"Concepts of RNA virus evolution for the design of better antiviral countermeasures","authors":"Quang-Dinh Tran, Marco Vignuzzi","doi":"10.1038/s41579-026-01316-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-026-01316-9","url":null,"abstract":"This century, global human health has been marked by a seemingly increasing list of outbreaks and epidemics caused by RNA viruses — masters of rapid evolution, host switching and immune escape. With a propensity for mutation, coupled with recombination, reassortment and extensive population interactions, RNA viruses generate remarkable genetic diversity within constrained evolutionary landscapes. Although most mutations are deleterious, a subset fuels adaptation to selective pressures and environments, potentially enabling pathogens to reach new hosts and become epidemic and pandemic threats. Recent advances in molecular virology have clarified how mutation biases, genome organization, epistasis and host factors shape viral diversity, revealing both vulnerabilities and evolutionary constraints. These mechanisms underlying viral evolution are now being leveraged to design evolution-informed countermeasures. These include live-attenuated vaccines with reduced risk of reversion, antivirals that target mutationally constrained regions or drive populations towards extinction, or universal vaccines directed against conserved regions. Looking forward, the integration of high-throughput mutational mapping, structural biology and computational modelling, including artificial intelligence-driven predictive tools, promises to transform our ability to anticipate viral evolutionary trajectories. This Review discusses how embedding evolutionary principles into translational virology may improve preparedness for future outbreaks by shifting the field from reactive to predictive strategies. In this Review, Tran and Vignuzzi examine how molecular processes and evolutionary pressures shape RNA virus diversity and adaptation. They outline how genome structure, mutational pathways and viral interactions influence evolutionary outcomes, offering insights relevant to the design of better vaccines and antiviral strategies.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"24 8","pages":"579-594"},"PeriodicalIF":104.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-026-01316-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0