Subhadip Kundu, Gaurav Bhargava, L. Endrinal, Lavakumar Ranganathan
{"title":"Demystifying Unexpected Silicon Responses through User-Defined Fault Models (UDFM) and Failure Analysis","authors":"Subhadip Kundu, Gaurav Bhargava, L. Endrinal, Lavakumar Ranganathan","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0369","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Failure Analysis (FA) plays an important role during silicon development and yield ramp up, helping identify critical test, design marginality and process issues in a timely and efficient manner. FA techniques typically rely on diagnosis callouts as a starting point for debug. Diagnostic algorithms rely on the error logs collected on production patterns which are generated to detect Stuck-at Faults (SAF) and Transition Delay Faults (TDF). Typically, SAF patterns screen out the static defects and TDF patterns test for transient fails. But often, we see cases where a SAF pattern shmoo is clean but the TDF pattern shmoo is a gross failure indicating a cell-internal static defect missed by the traditional SAF patterns. In this work, we will present our own developed User-Defined Fault Model, which targets cell-internal faults to explain unexpected silicon observations. An added advantage of the work can be seen in improving diagnosis results on the error logs collected using these targeted UDFM patterns. Since UDFM utilizes targeted fault excitation, the diagnosis algorithm results in better callouts. In this paper, we will also propose a custom diagnosis flow using our in-house UDFM to achieve better resolution. Three FA case studies will be presented to showcase the usefulness and effectivity of the proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":188323,"journal":{"name":"ISTFA 2021: Conference Proceedings from the 47th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124893434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaeyun Lee, EuiSeok Kim, JunYeal Lim, SeokHoon Oh, YoungHa Park
{"title":"Pulsing Test for Defect of Resistive Word Line in DRAM Main Cell using WGFMU (Waveform Generator Fast Measurement Unit)","authors":"Jaeyun Lee, EuiSeok Kim, JunYeal Lim, SeokHoon Oh, YoungHa Park","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0258","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we compare and describe the difference between the oscilloscope pulsing test and the WGFMU (Waveform Generator Fast Measurement Unit) in analyzing the defect of high resistance in DRAM main cell sample. The nanoprobe system has many constraints in the pulsing analysis utilizing the oscilloscope and pulse generator. There are certain cases where the system cannot support analysis when the saturation current is extremely minimal, such as the DRAM cell. In this paper, we address this constraint and propose a new way to conduct pulsing tests using the WGFMU's arbitrary linear waveform generator in the nanoprobe system.","PeriodicalId":188323,"journal":{"name":"ISTFA 2021: Conference Proceedings from the 47th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116133309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automated Metrology on the Verticality of Cross-Sectioned Channel Hole at V-NAND with Over 200 Layers by Transmission Electron Microscope","authors":"Dong-yeob Kim, Jong-ick Son, C. H. Kang","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0313","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we present a nanoscale verticality measurement method for V-NAND with 200 or more layers of high layers using an automated transmission electron microscope, which has been developed a lot in the analysis field. Nanoscale measurements in cross-sectional images in 3D-NAND with such a high layer do not include both the top and bottom areas in one image of FOV. Therefore, it is very difficult for a person to objectively measure the etching angle or verticality of the channel hole. We experimented the verticality measurement of a channel hole in the two images in different areas using an automated transmission electron microscope imaging and measurement. In this paper, we present the results and analysis of the experiment and detailed metrology methods.","PeriodicalId":188323,"journal":{"name":"ISTFA 2021: Conference Proceedings from the 47th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115190165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pushing Failure Mode Stimulus to Overcome the Limitation/Boundaries of Soft Defect Localization Tools","authors":"A. Norico, Rommel Estores","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0084","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Temperature dependent failures are some of the most challenging cases that will be encountered by the analyst. Soft Defect Localization (SDL) is a technique used to analyze such temperature-dependent, ‘soft defect’ failures [1]. There are many literatures that discuss this technique and its different applications [2-7]. Dynamic Analysis by Laser Stimulation (DALS) is one of the known SDL implementations [8-11]. However, there are cases where the failure is occurring at a temperature where the laser alone is not sufficient to effectively induce a change of device behavior. In these situations, the analyst needs to think out of the box by understanding how the device will react to external conditions and to make necessary adjustments in DALS settings. This paper will discuss three cases that presents different challenges such as performing DALS analysis where the failing temperature is too high for the laser to induce a change of behavior from ambient temperature, cold temperature failure, complex triggering (Serial Peripheral Interface, SPI), and using an internal signal as input for DALS analysis. The approach used for a successful DALS analysis of each case will be discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":188323,"journal":{"name":"ISTFA 2021: Conference Proceedings from the 47th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128771814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Leonhardt, T. Beechem, M. Cannon, N. Dodds, Matthew Fellows, T. Grzybowski, G. Haase, Thomas LeBoeuf, David Lee, William Rice
{"title":"Impacts of Substrate Thinning on FPGA Performance and Reliability","authors":"D. Leonhardt, T. Beechem, M. Cannon, N. Dodds, Matthew Fellows, T. Grzybowski, G. Haase, Thomas LeBoeuf, David Lee, William Rice","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0423","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Global thinning of integrated circuits is a technique that enables backside failure analysis and radiation testing. Prior work also shows increased thresholds for single-event latchup and upset in thinned devices. We present impacts of global thinning on device performance and reliability of 28 nm node field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Devices are thinned to values of 50, 10, and 3 microns using a micromachining and polishing method. Lattice damage, in the form of dislocations, extend about 1 micron below the machined surface. The damage layer is removed after polishing with colloidal SiO2 slurry. We create a 2D finite-element model with liner elasticity equations and flip-chip packaged device geometry to show that thinning increases compressive global stress in the Si, while C4 bumps increase stress locally. Measurements of stress using Raman spectroscopy qualitatively agree with our stress model but also reveal the need for more complex structural models to account for nonlinear effects occurring in devices thinned to 3 microns and after temperature cycling to 125°C. Thermal imaging shows that increased local heating occurs with increased thinning but the maximum temperature difference across the 3-micron die is less than 2°C. Ring oscillators (ROs) programmed throughout the FPGA fabric slow about 0.5% after thinning compared to full thickness values. Temperature cycling the devices to 125°C further decreases RO frequency about 0.5%, which we attribute to stress changes in the Si.","PeriodicalId":188323,"journal":{"name":"ISTFA 2021: Conference Proceedings from the 47th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124945791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeongin Choe, Taehyeon Kim, Saetbyeol Yoon, Sangyong Yoon, Ki-Whan Song, J. Song, Myungsuk Kim, Woo Young Choi
{"title":"Wafer Pattern Recognition for Detecting Process Abnormalities in NAND Flash Memory Manufacturing","authors":"Jeongin Choe, Taehyeon Kim, Saetbyeol Yoon, Sangyong Yoon, Ki-Whan Song, J. Song, Myungsuk Kim, Woo Young Choi","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0406","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We have adopted various defect detection systems in the front stage of manufacturing in order to effectively manage the quality of flash memory products. In this paper, we propose an intelligent pattern recognition methodology which enables us to discriminate abnormal wafer automatically in the course of NAND flash memory manufacturing. Our proposed technique consists of the two steps: pre-processing and hybrid clustering. The pre-processing step based on process primitives efficiently eliminates noisy data. Then, the hybrid clustering step dramatically reduces the total amount of computing, which makes our technique practical for the mass production of NAND flash memory.","PeriodicalId":188323,"journal":{"name":"ISTFA 2021: Conference Proceedings from the 47th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126256035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Edmonds, Thaddeus J. Cox, John Markulin, M. von Haartman
{"title":"Selective Dry Etch Removal of Si and SiOxNy for Advanced Electron Beam Probing Applications","authors":"M. Edmonds, Thaddeus J. Cox, John Markulin, M. von Haartman","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0414","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents a global die level sample preparation technique utilizing selective etch chemistry and laser interferometry to expose the entire die top-most metal layer surface for Ebeam electrical FI. A novel Ebeam based probing technique referred to as StaMPS is introduced alongside this prep technique to isolate logic structure failures observed through SEM image contrasts at different logic states. By landing SEM probe tips on exposed metal pads and controlling logic states via an applied bias, the varying states produce different contrast within SEM imaging highlighting structural failure locations. This global prep technique in combination with StaMPS Ebeam FI creates faster FI/FA turn-around time by delivering a globally delayered full die in under an hour and creating opportunity to locate several defect types within a single sample.","PeriodicalId":188323,"journal":{"name":"ISTFA 2021: Conference Proceedings from the 47th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123048104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Nuez, Phoumra Tan, Daisy Lu, B. Zhang, Joshua Miller, Mark Lynaugh, Thomas Harper, M. DiBattista, S. Silverman
{"title":"Failure Localization Techniques for 7nm & 16nm Process Nodes in Monolithic & 2.5D SSIT Package Technology Using OBIRCH, LVP and Advance Die Thinning Method","authors":"D. Nuez, Phoumra Tan, Daisy Lu, B. Zhang, Joshua Miller, Mark Lynaugh, Thomas Harper, M. DiBattista, S. Silverman","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 High performance IC's have driven the semiconductor industry towards the sub-nanometer technology nodes for several years. At 16nm and beyond, the spatial resolution and sensitivity of some diagnostic equipment used for failure analysis have reached certain limitations. The accuracy of isolating a faulty signal in a tightly packed group of transistors in a die becomes more challenging. However, with the improvement of SIL (Solid Immersion Lens) based lens technology with higher N.A. (Numeric Aperture), combined with precision die thinning process, allowed some very promising results. This paper demonstrates successful diagnostic techniques utilizing the SIL lens and a variety of die thinning preparation techniques on 7nm and 16nm process nodes in both monolithic and 2.5D SSIT (Stacked Silicon Interconnect Technology) packages.","PeriodicalId":188323,"journal":{"name":"ISTFA 2021: Conference Proceedings from the 47th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130060728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seungjun Son, C. Penley, J. Hurst, Chris Michon, Yong Guo, Rafael Lainez, J. Reifsnider
{"title":"Non-Visual Defect Identification by Dopant Analysis Method in FinFET Devices","authors":"Seungjun Son, C. Penley, J. Hurst, Chris Michon, Yong Guo, Rafael Lainez, J. Reifsnider","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0359","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For a specific IDDQ failure only around SRAM cell boundary, we conducted a systematic investigation in the lab involving electrical, physical, and chemical analysis. Following electrical test locating the failure area according to PEM (photon emission microscopy) and physical defect analysis resulting in NDF (no defect found), we explored an alternative method to define the failure. In this paper, we demonstrated the success of using tunneling AFM (TUNA) in diagnosing such an IDDQ failure occurring in FinFET devices. AFM (TUNA) analysis was able to visualize clearly the dopant discrepancies in comparison between the IDDQ fail and pass references in FinFET transistors. The dopant abnormalities indicated the current IDDQ fail was caused by processes that impaired the dopant implantation.","PeriodicalId":188323,"journal":{"name":"ISTFA 2021: Conference Proceedings from the 47th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis","volume":"71 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132693483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SCM Application and Failure Analysis Procedure for Ion-Implantation Issues in Power Devices","authors":"Kuang-Tse Ho, Cheng-Che Li","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0301","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research summarizes failure analysis results about ionimplantation related issues in Si-based power devices, including diode, MOSFET and IGBT. To find out this kind of defects, sample preparation, fault isolation and SCM inspection are critical steps, which will be explained in detail in this paper.","PeriodicalId":188323,"journal":{"name":"ISTFA 2021: Conference Proceedings from the 47th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113997210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}