Mrs Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Materials for green hydrogen production, storage, and conversion","authors":"Sabrina Sartori, Ryan O’Hayre, Zongping Shao","doi":"10.1557/s43577-024-00719-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00719-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-field-guided design of record-high piezoelectricity and discovery of simultaneous high light transparency and high piezoelectricity in relaxor ferroelectrics","authors":"Fei Li, Bo Wang, Long-Qing Chen","doi":"10.1557/s43577-024-00692-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00692-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The phase-field method has been extensively applied to predicting the domain structures and their responses to external fields and understanding experimentally observed domain states under different electromechanical conditions in ferroelectric heterostructures. This article highlights the successful examples of phase-field applications in guiding the design of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics and crystals with record-high piezoelectricity and the discovery of simultaneous high light transparency and piezoelectricity of relaxor ferroelectric crystals for a wide range of biomedical, robotics, and optoelectronics applications.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of new-concept magnetomechanical devices by phase-field simulations","authors":"Jia-Mian Hu","doi":"10.1557/s43577-024-00699-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00699-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The phase-field method enables simulating the spatiotemporal evolution of the coupled physical-order parameters under externally applied fields in a wide range of materials and devices. Leveraging advanced numerical algorithms for solving the nonlinear partial differential equations and scalable parallelization techniques, the phase-field method is becoming a powerful computational tool to model and design devices operating based on multiple-coupled physical processes. This article will highlight examples of applying phase-field simulations to predict new mesoscale physical phenomena and design new-concept magnetomechanical devices by identifying the desirable combination of the composition, size, and geometry of monolithic materials as well as the device structure. A brief outlook of the opportunities and challenges for modeling and designing magnetomechanical devices with phase-field modeling is also provided.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel cells: Materials needs and advances","authors":"Zongping Shao, Meng Ni","doi":"10.1557/s43577-024-00722-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00722-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fuel cells are highly efficient electrochemical energy-conversion devices with a wide application potential, spanning from portable power sources to stationary power generation. They are typically categorized according to their operating temperature, for example, low temperature (&lt;100°C), intermediate temperature (450‒800°C) and high temperature (&gt;800°C). Recently, reduced temperature fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C have also received considerable attention for their multiple benefits. A single fuel cell is composed of a porous anode for fuel oxidation, a dense electrolyte for ion transportation, and a porous cathode for oxygen reduction. Due to their different functions and operating environments, each layer of the cell faces unique materials requirements in terms of ionic and electronic conductivity, chemical and mechanical stability, thermal expansion, etc. This article gives a thorough perspective on the challenges and recent advances in anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials for the various types of fuel cells. Emerging fuel cells operating at 200‒400°C are also discussed and commented. Finally, the key areas of need and major opportunities for further research in the field are outlined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140805697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging nature’s wisdom and scientific innovation","authors":"Brenda S. Javier Boodhan","doi":"10.1557/s43577-024-00710-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00710-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140661573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrostatically induced β-phase alignment in the PVDF/thermally annealed CoFe2O4/Ni magnetoelectric laminates","authors":"Byung-Il Noh, Manseong Song, Su-Chul Yang","doi":"10.1557/s43577-024-00686-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00686-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly complex materials processes as understood by phase-field simulations: Additive manufacturing, bainitic transformation in steel and high-temperature creep of superalloys","authors":"Ingo Steinbach, M. Uddagiri, Hesham Salama, Muhammad Adil Ali, O. Shchyglo","doi":"10.1557/s43577-024-00703-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00703-y","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Recent breakthroughs resolving open questions in materials science by phase-field simulations are reported. They relate to solidification structure formation in additive manufacturing, carbon redistribution during bainitic transformation, and the onset of damage during high-temperature creep of superalloys. The first example deals with the balance between epitaxial growth and nucleation in solidification. The second relates to the controversy regarding diffusion control and dominance of massive transformation in bainite transformation. The third relates to directional coarsening (rafting) in superalloys as a diffusion-controlled phase transformation: loss of coherency of precipitates marks the onset of damage associated with rotation of the crystal lattice and topological inversion. Technical details of the phase-field method are reviewed as necessary, and limitations of the approach are discussed.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen in energy and information sciences","authors":"Heejung W. Chung, Bernadette Cladek, Yong-Yun Hsiau, Yan-Yan Hu, Katharine Page, Nicola H. Perry, Bilge Yildiz, S. Haile","doi":"10.1557/s43577-024-00714-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00714-9","url":null,"abstract":"Beyond its fascinating chemistry as the first element in the Periodic Table, hydrogen is of high societal importance in energy technologies and of growing importance in energy-efficient computing. In energy, hydrogen has reemerged as a potential solution to long-term energy storage and as a carbon-free input for materials manufacturing. Its utilization and production rely on the availability of proton-conducting electrolytes and mixed proton–electron conductors for the components in fuel cells and electrolyzers. In computing, proton mediation of electronic properties has garnered attention for electrochemically controlled energy-efficient neuromorphic computing. Incorporation of substitutional and interstitial hydride ions in oxides, though only recently established, enables tuning of electronic and magnetic properties, inviting a range of possible exotic applications. This article addresses common themes in the fundamental science of hydrogen incorporation and transport in oxides as relevant to pressing technological needs. The content covers (1) lattice (or bulk) mechanisms of hydrogen transport, primarily addressing proton transport, but also touching on hydride ion transport; (2) interfacial transport; (3) exploitation of extreme external drivers to achieve unusual response; and (4) advances in methods to probe the hydrogen environment and transport pathway. The snapshot of research activities in the field of hydrogen-laden materials described here underscores exciting recent breakthroughs, remaining open questions, and breathtaking experimental tools now available for unveiling the nature of hydrogen in solid-state matter.\u0000 Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140672425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the hydrophile–lipophile balance of perfluorinated surfactants on the emulsion stability","authors":"Gaia De Angelis, Esther Amstad","doi":"10.1557/s43577-024-00704-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00704-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emulsions are omnipresent in our everyday life; for example, in food, certain drug and cosmetic formulations, agriculture, and as paints. Moreover, they are frequently used to perform high-throughput screening assays with minimum sample volumes. Key to the successful use of emulsions is a good drop stability. Most frequently, drops are stabilized with surfactants composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. Appropriate surfactants are often selected based on the ratio of their hydrophilic to the hydrophobic parts, their hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB), which determines their solubility. However, how the HLB value of perfluorinated surfactants influences the emulsion stability remains to be determined. To address this question, we report a benign and cost-effective synthesis of diblock-copolymer surfactants that consist of a perfluorinated block covalently linked to a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-encompassing block. The compositions of the fluorophilic and hydrophilic blocks are very similar to those of commercially available triblock-copolymer surfactants commonly used within the microfluidic community that employs poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based devices. By deliberately tuning the ratio of the hydrophobic to the hydrophilic blocks of our diblock-copolymer surfactants, we obtain HLB values varying between 0.9 and 3.3. We demonstrate that the best emulsion stability is obtained if the molecular weight ratio of the hydrophobic to the hydrophilic blocks is between 5 and 7, corresponding to HLB values between 2.5 and 3.3. Importantly, our cost-effective surfactant displays a similar performance to that of the rather costly commercially available Pico-Surf surfactant. Thereby, this study presents guidelines for a cheap, benign, and targeted synthesis of appropriate perfluorinated surfactants that efficiently stabilize water-in-perfluorinated oil emulsions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140630396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-healing mechanisms for Ge–Sb–S chalcogenide glasses upon gamma irradiation","authors":"Myungkoo Kang, Byoung-Uk Sohn, Qingyang Du, Danhao Ma, Ruturaj Pujari, Laura Sisken, Cesar Blanco, Claudia Goncalves, Chanelle Arias, Anna Zachariou, Anupama Yadav, Patrick E. Lynch, Jonathan Lee, Spencer Novak, Casey M. Schwarz, Igor Luzinov, Juejun Hu, Anuradha M. Agarwal, Dawn T. H. Tan, Kathleen A. Richardson","doi":"10.1557/s43577-024-00693-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-024-00693-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We report atomistic mechanisms that directly correlate the time-dependent optical responses of bulk Ge₂₃Sb₇S₇₀ chalcogenide glasses to their metastable structural defects created and subsequently annihilated following gamma irradiation. These defects are characterized by an irradiation-induced increase in the concentration of edge-shared GeS_4/2 tetrahedra bonding units, which gradually decreases to a pre-irradiation level during recovery, thus illustrating the glass’ metastable behavior. This time-dependent structural change gives rise to the evolution of the glass’s mass density that correspondingly induces a change and subsequent relaxation of linear refractive index and bandgap energy. Concurrent with this evolution in linear optical properties, the glass’ nonlinear response is found to be unaffected, likely due to a counter effect associated with the glass network’s free electrons.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Impact statement</h3><p>Our work is the first study to employ a combined theoretical-experimental approach to the quantitative processing–structure–property relationship correlating the time-dependent structural and linear/nonlinear optical responses of chalcogenide Ge–Sb–S bulk glasses to their metastable topological coordination defects. These defects are created upon gamma-ray exposure and subsequently undergo relaxation at room temperature. The novelty of our study is that multifaceted aspects of such a key infrared chalcogenide glass, including optical, electronic, morphological, chemical, and microstructural properties, were monitored and cross-correlated as a function of time following gamma irradiation in order to identify origins behind the material system’s behavior as compared to base unirradiated material. This is, to our knowledge, the first-ever integrated approach (summarizing pre- and postexposure properties on the same samples) to the phenomenon. The behavior in metastable bulk chalcogenide glasses serves as a key cornerstone that will enable the material system to be deployed as robust, reversible radiation sensors in extreme environments such as space and ground-based radioactive facilities where gamma ray is characteristically abundant. Findings in our paper may shed light on the lingering question on the microscopic origin behind the self-healing process in chalcogenide glasses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18828,"journal":{"name":"Mrs Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}