Nanoscale Advances最新文献

{"title":"Advanced carbon dot- and quantum dot-based sensors for lead ion detection: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Neelam Sharma, Suman Swami, Ved Prakash Verma, Rahul Shrivastava","doi":"10.1039/d6na00149a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6na00149a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead ion contamination in water sources poses severe threats to the environment and human health owing to its high toxicity, long-term persistence and nonbiodegradability. Natural events as well as diverse industrial and unavoidable human activities such as battery manufacturing, metal plating, use of cosmetics, recycling of electronic waste, consumer products, volcanoes, and corrosion of service pipes are some common sources of lead ion contamination. It has been well established that exposure to any ionic form of lead causes severe systemic toxicity and carries carcinogenic risks. Therefore, the development of potent innovative technologies or methodologies for detecting toxic lead ions is necessary for the protection of human health and environmental monitoring. Recent developments have highlighted the advancement of innovative analytical methodologies for detecting lead ions, focusing on enhanced sensitivity, rapid detection, accuracy and sustainability. The emergence of carbon-based nanomaterials, particularly carbon dots, carbon quantum dots and graphene quantum dots, has established them as promising candidates for designing efficient sensing materials for the detection of lead ions because of their biocompatibility, superior photoluminescence, tuneable surface chemistry, low detection limits and high sensitivity. Along with these carbon-based nanomaterials, quantum dots have also been established as benchmark semiconductor nanomaterials for sensing applications because of their distinct electro-optical properties arising from quantum confinement effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current developments in carbon dots, carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, quantum dots and their composites as zero-dimensional nanosensors for the detection of Pb²⁺ ions, focusing on their functionalization techniques, synthesis methods, sensing mechanisms and analytical capabilities. Special attention is placed on \"turn-on/turn-off\" systems, ratiometric sensors and hybrid nanocomposites to enhance stability and selectivity for lead ion detection, highlighting their crucial role in safeguarding the environment and public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":"5755-5794"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148970080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic substrate oxidation-driven water electrolysis enabled by Ru-loaded Mn₂O₃ nanoparticles for energy-efficient hydrogen generation.","authors":"Sachin P D, Ashoka S, Madesh Kumar M, Yogesh K","doi":"10.1039/d6na00300a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6na00300a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transforming the inefficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by integrating beneficial organic substrate oxidation reactions offers an innovative way to significantly lower the energy requirements of water electrolysis while simultaneously producing valuable chemicals. This study introduces a ruthenium-loaded manganese oxide electrocatalyst (Ru-Mn₂O₃-U), synthesized through a rapid urea-assisted redox method. This approach not only ensures an even distribution of ruthenium, preventing harmful particle densification, but also creates easily accessible active centers on the surface, thereby enhancing both mass and charge transfer kinetics. The Ru-Mn₂O₃-U catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving current densities of 100 mA cm^-2 and 400 mA cm^-2 at potentials of 1.32 V and 1.45 V <i>versus</i> the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) during the ethylene glycol electrooxidation reaction (EGEOR). With a specific mass activity of 108.4 A g^-1 and a surface-specific activity of 0.325 mA cm^-2, it demonstrates an impressive faradaic efficiency of 91.8% by primarily converting ethylene glycol (EG) into glycolate. In practical applications, the EG-assisted electrolyzer, comprising a Ru-Mn₂O₃-U‖Ru-Mn₂O₃-U cell, reaches a current density of 100 mA cm^-2 at just 1.54 V, showcasing a hydrogen faradaic efficiency of around 93% along with good durability. By effectively combining hydrogen production with the oxidation of biomass-derived alcohols, this approach enhances the energy efficiency of electrochemical hydrogen generation, paving the way for a sustainable energy future.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":"5697-5706"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13573632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148970036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-selective growth of GaS films by chemical vapor deposition.","authors":"Stefano Dicorato, Maria Losurdo, Fabio Palumbo, Maria M Giangregorio","doi":"10.1039/d6na00710d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6na00710d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gallium sulfide (GaS) is a layered semiconductor that exhibits polymorphism, making the controlled synthesis of specific crystalline phases essential for tailoring properties and potential applications. In this work, we develop a phase-selective chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy for controlling the polymorphism and growth mode of GaS thin films using Ga₂S₃ as a single precursor and pure H₂ as the carrier gas. The effects of pressure, flux, temperature, and growth rate on the phase, crystallinity, and morphology are systematically investigated by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). By controlling the growth conditions, the GaS films are selectively tuned from the 2H to the 3R phase, and their growth mode from island-like to a layer-by-layer. Highly crystalline and uniform 3R GaS films are obtained at 100 mbar, 50 sccm, and 550 °C, with a growth rate of approximately 10 nm min^-1. Different experimental conditions result in a more island-growth mode and worsening of structural and morphological properties. We also discuss the synergetic effects of H₂ in the improvement of the precursor reduction and the film stoichiometry allowing the deposition of 3R films with a high uniform coverage of ∼3 cm². 2H GaS films are deposited at pressure < 3 mbar and growth rate < 2.5 nm min^-1. These results establish a direct process-structure relationship for phase-selective GaS growth and provide a scalable route to centimeter-scale 3R GaS films.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":"6211-6219"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13587843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Co and Cu-based metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical sensing of Pb ions and paracetamol.","authors":"Farzana Akter, Sanjida Khan, Suravi Islam, A M Sarwaruddin Chowdhury, Samina Ahmed, Sumaya F Kabir, Md Sahadat Hossain","doi":"10.1039/d6na00330c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6na00330c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigates charge-transfer activity in electrochemistry using a metal-organic framework (MOF) to detect pharmaceutical contaminants (organic substances) along with toxic metals (inorganic pollutants). These contaminants constitute a major threat to human health as well as to the environment because of their persistence, adverse effects, and bioaccumulation. The MOFs (Cu MOF, Cu-Co MOF, and Co MOF) were produced <i>via</i> solvothermal synthesis. They were analyzed by a variety of methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The range of crystalline size of the synthesized MOFs using the Debye-Scherrer equation was 80-92 nm. The thermal resistance of the MOFs was examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In this study, a bimetallic Cu-Co MOF-modified electrode was developed and systematically evaluated as an electrochemical sensing material. In comparison with the monometallic Cu MOF and Co MOF, the Cu-Co MOF exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance, which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the two metal centers. Furthermore, the Cu-Co MOF served as a dual-electrode system for detecting two analytes (paracetamol and Pb), highlighting its potential as a versatile sensing platform for pharmaceutical and environmental monitoring. For paracetamol, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), based on the oxidation current, were 1.98 and 6.59 ppm, respectively. Similarly, based on the reduction current, the calculated LOD and LOQ were 0.20 ppm and 0.68 ppm, respectively. For a heavy metal (Pb), the estimated LOD and LOQ were 0.09 and 0.31 ppm, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":"5681-5696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13559762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raspberry bush - derived magnetic nanocomposites for water purification and microwave absorption.","authors":"Bagher Aslibeiki, Mahsa Imani, Mahsa Mahmoodi, Sagnik Ghosh, Davide Peddis, Tapati Sarkar","doi":"10.1039/d6na00547k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6na00547k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrating heavy-metal remediation and electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation within a single, sustainable material system remains a critical challenge, primarily due to the difficulty of synergistically regulating adsorption-active porous architectures and charge-transport networks. Herein, we address this challenge by utilizing raspberry bush biomass, an abundant, renewable, and naturally microstructured precursor, to fabricate a hierarchical porous activated carbon framework decorated with magnetite nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄/AC). The inherent structural advantages of the raspberry-bush-derived carbon matrix provide abundant oxygen-containing surface functionalities and a tailored pore distribution, which serve the dual purpose of facilitating heavy-metal capture and modulating dielectric loss. For environmental remediation, the Fe₃O₄/AC nanocomposite achieved an exceptional Pb²⁺ removal efficiency of >99.5% with a maximum removal capacity of 249.24 mg g^-1 under optimized conditions (pH 9, 30 min, and 50 mg L^-1 initial concentration), demonstrating robust recyclability over four cycles. Thermochemical and kinetic modeling confirmed a spontaneous process governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics. For electromagnetic shielding, the nanocomposite exhibited a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of -30 dB at 16 GHz within the Ku band. This outstanding electromagnetic dissipation is governed by a magneto-dielectric synergistic effect, where the carbon framework drives interfacial polarization and conduction losses, while the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles optimize impedance matching. This work highlights a sustainable, biomass-derived strategy for designing high-performance, multifunctional materials that can find applications in both water purification and electromagnetic wave absorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":"5984-6005"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13579371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact modulation in NbX₂-HfY₂ (X = Se, Te; Y = S, Se) van der Waals heterostructures: Schottky-to-Ohmic transition.","authors":"Johar Ali, Sahibzada I H Bacha, M Bilal, B Amin","doi":"10.1039/d6na00658b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6na00658b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensive efforts have been directed toward exploring novel metal-semiconductor (MS) interfaces and engineering their contact properties to minimize contact resistance. The electronic structure and interfacial properties of van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) composed of metallic NbX₂ (X = Se, Te) and semiconducting HfY₂ (Y = S, Se) monolayers are systematically investigated <i>via</i> first-principles calculations. Binding energy analysis, phonon dispersion spectra, and Born mechanical stability criteria are used to verify the structural integrity, thermodynamic stability, and experimental feasibility of these materials. <i>Ab Initio</i> Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations also confirm the thermal stability of the NbX₂-HfY₂ vdWHs at 300 K, with no significant structural reconstruction or bond breakage observed over a 4 ps timescale. These investigations reveal that the vdWHs preserve the intrinsic electronic characteristics of their constituent layers due to weak vdW coupling, while benefiting from the high metallic conductivity of the NbX₂ layer. At equilibrium, the interfaces predominantly form n-type Schottky contact, where a significant interfacial dipole potential modulates the band alignment. These heterostructures exhibit highly tunable behavior; specifically, mechanical deformation triggers a transition from Schottky to Ohmic contacts, facilitating high-efficiency carrier injection. This transition is driven by enhanced orbital hybridization between Nb-d and Hf-d states near the Fermi level. While HfS₂-based systems retain a robust n-type character, the HfSe₂ counterparts display higher sensitivity to band shifting under strain. These findings provide a comprehensive theoretical framework for utilizing NbX₂-HfY₂ (X= Se, Te; Y = S, Se) MS contacts in next-generation, low-resistance 2D field-effect transistors and flexible nanoelectronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming the limitation: energy-gap tailoring of thermally coupled levels from Er³⁺ in fiber microspheres for optical thermometry over 213-823 K.","authors":"Xuanhao Zhang, Guichen Bao, Shuai Hu, Jinshu Huang, Chao Lin, Xin Guo, Maohui Yuan, Kai Han","doi":"10.1039/d6na00392c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6na00392c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of a lanthanide-based ratiometric optical thermometer is a highly promising non-invasive method for detecting temperature. However, due to inherent bandgap limitations, the optimal temperature measurement range for specific elements is restricted to a specific range. In this work, we have developed a novel optical fiber microsphere fabricated by doping an Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ solution into an SiO₂ optical fiber. With this microcavity, stable emissions corresponding to small, medium and large energy gaps between thermally coupled levels resulting from the splitting of the Er³⁺ energy levels (²H_11/2 and ⁴S_3/2) have been achieved. Owing to these tailored energy gaps, the effective temperature sensing range based on the fluorescence intensity ratio of Er³⁺ has been successfully extended from 295-503 K to 213-823 K. In terms of relative sensitivity (<i>S</i> _r), a maximum value of 1.71% K^-1 was obtained at 213 K for the small energy gap, while a considerable sensitivity of 0.20% K^-1 was maintained even at 823 K for the large energy gap. The temperature uncertainty (δ<i>T</i>) of the thermometer remains below 0.35 K within the commonly employed temperature measurement range of 200-500 K. Given its wide temperature measurement range, high relative sensitivity, and low temperature uncertainty, the easily fabricated Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped microsphere exhibits outstanding temperature sensing performance, showing great potential for applications in microscale thermometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13595605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149025297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled composition of Zn-doped iron oxide nanoparticles for optimised MPI performance.","authors":"Deandra L Pragasam, Emma E Brotherton, Agus R Poerwoprajitno, Zeno R Ramadhan, Brendan Lee, Andre Bongers, Kartika Wardhani, Dale L Huber, Richard D Tilley","doi":"10.1039/d6na00526h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6na00526h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoparticle composition and crystal phase critically affect magnetic particle imaging performance by influencing magnetic properties. Compositional optimisation can be based on the iron oxide phase and potential dopants. Here, we show that 13 nm zinc-doped maghemite nanoparticles exhibit MPI signal intensity comparable to that of a 25 nm commercial tracer. Their smaller size and maghemite crystal phase make them promising alternative tracers for future MPI applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13585089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148989420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on photocatalytic materials: synthesis strategies, morphology, and mechanisms.","authors":"Smita Korpal, Mohamed A Habib, Jasvir Dalal, Pounraj Thanasekaran, Pawan Kumar, Supreet, Supriya Sehrawat, Ahmed B M Ibrahim","doi":"10.1039/d6na00157b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6na00157b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photocatalysis is a promising approach for solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. Despite extensive research, advances in photocatalytic materials remain limited. Many reported performance improvements rely on empirical optimization rather than a clear mechanistic understanding. Existing reviews mainly focus on material classification and performance. However, they rarely examine how synthesis strategies control structure, defects, and charge-transfer behavior in a reproducible manner. This concept-driven critical review addresses these limitations by examining how synthesis methods influence structural evolution and charge carrier dynamics in photocatalytic materials. Rather than summarizing material types and applications, the review focuses on the role of crystallinity, defect chemistry, morphology, and interfacial properties in determining photocatalytic performance. Advanced architectures, including hierarchical structures and Z- & S-scheme heterojunctions, are assessed to understand the actual origin of their enhanced photocatalytic performance. In addition, the review highlights important issues related to mechanistic validation and inconsistent performance reporting that are often overlooked in conventional reviews. This review integrates synthesis strategies, charge-transfer mechanisms, and performance evaluation approaches to provide practical strategies for designing efficient, stable, and scalable photocatalytic materials for environmental and energy-related applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":"6113-6143"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13636287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In situ</i> growth of SnS₂ nanoplates on g-C₃N₄ nanosheets: an efficient nanoheterostructure for hydrogen generation.","authors":"Amol G Kadlag, Niteen S Jawale, Shrinivas C Motekar, Govind G Umarji, Krishna D Daware, Jalindar D Ambekar, Sudhir S Arbuj","doi":"10.1039/d6na00434b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6na00434b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of reliable, efficient photocatalysts for water splitting is essential to the production of clean hydrogen energy. Fast charge recombination limits the efficiencies of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) and tin disulfide (SnS₂), notwithstanding their potential as materials. In this work, pristine SnS₂, pristine g-C₃N₄, and various SnS₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites (containing 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt% of SnS₂) were effectively synthesized using a one-step <i>in situ</i> hydrothermal method. The structural, optical, morphological, and electrical properties of the materials were carefully investigated using XRD, IR, UV-vis, PL, XPS, FESEM, FETEM, and photoconductivity tests. The generated materials were evaluated for photocatalytic hydrogen generation <i>via</i> water splitting under a 400 W mercury vapor lamp. Of all the generated samples, the 10% SnS₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. It generated a peak hydrogen generation yield of around 1094.7 µmol 0.1 g^-1 of catalyst over a 4-hour reaction time. PL and photoconductivity measurements indicate that this enhanced activity is due to reduced recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and fast interfacial charge transfer. Furthermore, after three consecutive cycles of reuse, the 10% nanocomposite demonstrated exceptional stability and continued to function well. Creating an ideal 10% SnS₂/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction significantly improves charge separation and catalytic efficiency. This illustrates its potential as a dependable, reusable catalyst for solar-powered hydrogen production.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":"6353-6367"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}