Nanoscale Advances最新文献

{"title":"Improving the aqueous solubility and antibacterial activity of triclosan using re-dispersible emulsion powder stabilized with gold nanoparticles†","authors":"Arathy J. Nair and Dakrong Pissuwan","doi":"10.1039/D4NA01022A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4NA01022A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Triclosan (TCS) is used as an antibacterial agent in various products. One of the major issues associated with TCS is its limited solubility in aqueous media, which can reduce its effectiveness against bacteria. In this study, we enhanced the aqueous solubility and antibacterial activity of TCS by using a re-dispersible emulsion powder stabilized with gold nanoparticles (GNPs). The developed formulation (TCS/PEG-B/GNPs) demonstrated the ability to dissolve in aqueous media and provided good stability. An antibacterial investigation was conducted using drug-resistant bacterial strains, <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) BAA-1161 and methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA), as model bacteria. The results showed that TCS/PEG-B/GNPs had the highest antibacterial activity. The MRSA strain demonstrated greater susceptibility to TCS (both TCS alone and TCS in the formulation) than <em>E. coli</em> BAA-1161. The cytotoxicity assay was also conducted in THP-1 cells and it was found that the viability of THP-1 cells treated with a 5× dilution of TCS/PEG-B/GNPs was higher than 80%. Altogether, our study proposes a novel approach to overcome the solubility concerns of TCS. These results demonstrated an increase in TCS's solubility and efficacy, which holds great promise for future applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1421-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetrahedral DNA framework-directed hybridization chain reaction controlled self-assembly†","authors":"Dongdong He, Pengyao Wei, Lin Li, Pan Fu, Jianping Zheng and Kaizhe Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4NA00912F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4NA00912F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nonenzymatic isothermal nucleic acid self-assembly techniques (<em>e.g.</em>, the hybridization chain reaction, HCR) hold potential in building materials and biological sensing. However, a traditional HCR is triggered by the random diffusion and disordered conformations of ssDNA initiators, resulting in asynchronous initiation and inherently highly heterogeneous products that do not meet the standards of well-defined nanomaterials. Herein, we developed a nanomechanical restricted strategy directed by tetrahedral DNA frameworks (TDFs) to control HCR self-assembly. We found that the restricted initiator at TDF vertices could induce DNA hairpin assembly to form homogeneous products in solution. Mechanistically, we found that TDFs accelerated the strand displacement rate of the starting H1 and synchronized the assembly process of the HCR. Furthermore, the TDF exhibited strict vertex specificity for HCR controllable assembly, and side extension of the initiator could not result in homogeneous products. This work presents a straightforward and efficient approach for controlling the living self-assembly of macromolecular DNA, thus providing a novel tool for HCR-based nanomanufacturing and quantitative sensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1272-1275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gd³⁺ doped CoCr₂O₄ nanoparticles: tuning the physical properties and optimizing the hyperthermia efficacy.","authors":"Mritunjoy Prasad Ghosh, Rahul Sonkar, Gongotree Phukan, Jyoti Prasad Borah, Devasish Chowdhury","doi":"10.1039/d4na00685b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4na00685b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuning the physical properties of nanomaterials is essential to enhance their capabilities for modern technological applications. Incorporating appropriate dopant ions is expected to modify the physical properties of nanomaterials significantly. In this study, the microstructural, magnetic, electronic and optical properties of cobalt chromite nanoparticles have been tuned by incorporating Gd ions to obtain the optimized conditions for self-heating efficiency. Four chromite samples with varying Gd³⁺ dopant concentrations [CoGd _<i>x</i> Cr_2-<i>x</i> O₄: <i>x</i> = 0, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.12] were prepared using the standard chemical co-precipitation method and their physical properties were explored thoroughly. The Gd³⁺ dopants in the host CoCr₂O₄ structure were shown to be capable of regulating the physical properties of the doped nanomaterials. Formation of a pure cubic spinel crystallographic phase together with size, shape and developed microstrain in the synthesized doped chromites were analyzed precisely and it was found that the mean size decreased gradually as the Gd content increased. Higher Gd content chromite nanoparticles showed a distinct blue shift in their absorption spectra and an increase in specific surface area, as evidenced by the BET study confirming the reduction in mean diameter. Substituted Gd ions also tuned the dielectric characteristics of the host chromite nanomaterial. A careful investigation of electrical conductivity in varying electric fields indicated that electron hopping occurs mostly during charge conduction. All the chromite samples exhibited lossy dielectric behavior as the dopant fraction increased. Introducing Gd ions in nanocrystalline cobalt chromite diluted the magnetic properties, which was evident from the reduction of the coercive field, and also provided the superparamagnetic ground state above 95 K. The spin-spiral transition became visible near 26 K as the Gd content in pure CoCr₂O₄ nanoparticles increased. The induction heating properties of nanosized chromite samples were modified using Gd doping, and the impacts of both the anisotropic energy barrier and magnetic dipole-dipole interactions on hyperthermia efficacy were extensively investigated. All of the prepared chromite samples at low concentration (1 mg mL^-1) attained temperatures between 34.7 °C and 35.7 °C from ambient temperature in 900 seconds with an observed drop in the induction heating temperature with increasing Gd content in nanosized cobalt chromites. It was observed that the dispersion level of nanoparticles in solution also determined the heating efficiency. It was observed that Gd doped CoCr₂O₄ nanoparticles have the potential to be used in magnetic hyperthermia applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient catalytic hydrogenation of <i>p</i>-chloronitrobenzene: the synergistic effect and hybrid nano-structure.","authors":"Yanji Zhang, Jicheng Zhou","doi":"10.1039/d4na00870g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4na00870g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noble metal catalysts have attracted worldwide attention for catalytic selective hydrogenation due to their high activity. However, constructing highly effective, selective, and stable noble metal catalysts remains challenging. Herein, zirconium/zeolite supported platinum catalysts have been prepared. These hybrid nano-structured Pt/ZrO₂/ZSM-5 and Pt/ZrO₂/MCM-22 catalysts (denoted as Pt/ZZ and Pt/ZM) exhibited superior catalytic performance for the selective hydrogenation of <i>p</i>-chloronitrobenzene (<i>p</i>-CNB), which was much higher than that of Pt/ZrO₂, Pt/ZSM-5, and Pt/MCM-22, demonstrating the synergistic effect in these hybrid nano-structured catalysts. Especially, the turnover frequency (TOF) of Pt/ZM was as high as 8525 h^-1, surpassing that of most reported noble metal and novel non-noble metal catalysts, and the catalyst can be recycled for six runs without any obvious decrease in activity and selectivity. The characterization indicated that the electron transfer from Pt to ZrO₂ can greatly facilitate the performance of <i>p</i>-CNB hydrogenation through modulating the electronic structure and surface structure. This work provides an effective strategy for the design of noble metal catalysts with high activity and selectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11801378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MgO@SiO₂ nanocapsules: a controlled magnesium ion release system for targeted inhibition of osteoarthritis progression.","authors":"Na Liu, Fangchao Jiang, Zhizi Feng, Sen Mei, Yingna Cui, Yu Zheng, Wei Yang, Benjie Wang, Weizhong Zhang, Jin Xie, Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d4na00900b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4na00900b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by degenerative changes in articular cartilage and chronic inflammation. Recent studies suggest that intra-articular (i.a.) injection of magnesium salts holds promise as a therapeutic approach for OA. However, the rapid diffusion of magnesium ions limits their efficacy, resulting in a short duration of action. To overcome this limitation, we developed a nanoparticle delivery system using MgO@SiO₂ core/shell nanoparticles, designed as a depot for the controlled release of magnesium ions. Electron microscopy confirmed the formation of the core/shell structure with silica shells of varying thickness. Release studies demonstrated that the silica coating effectively slows nanoparticle degradation, extending magnesium release to over 72 hours. In a rabbit OA model, i.a. injection of these nanocapsules significantly mitigated the pathological progression of OA within four weeks without inducing systemic toxicity. Immunohistochemical analysis further revealed that MgO@SiO₂ nanocapsules alleviate the inflammatory response in OA cartilage by inhibiting the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway. In summary, this study confirms the potential of intra-articular magnesium supplementation as a therapeutic option for OA and introduces a novel approach to enhance the delivery and efficacy of magnesium ions in OA treatment, addressing a relatively underexplored area in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11791780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A highly hydroxylated 6-tin oxide cluster serves as an efficient e-beam and EUV-photoresist to achieve high-resolution patterns.","authors":"Cheng-Dun Li, Chun-Fu Chou, Yu-Fang Tseng, Burn-Jeng Lin, Tsai-Sheng Gau, Po-Hsiung Chen, Po-Wen Chiu, Sun-Zen Chen, Shin-Lin Tsai, Wen-Bin Jian, Jui-Hsiung Liu","doi":"10.1039/d4na00651h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4na00651h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A carboxylated-free cluster, formulated as (BuSn)₆O₄(OH)₁₀ (2) was synthesized from the reaction of (BuSn)₆O₄Cl₂(MeCO₂)₈ (1) with LiOH (aq.) in cold tetrahydrofuran (THF). This synthesis marks the first successful demonstration of complete decarboxylation of a metal carboxylate cluster using LiOH, resulting in the formation of a carboxylate-free metal oxide cluster. Comparative analysis of their ¹¹⁹Sn NMR, IR absorption spectra and ESI mass spectra suggests that cluster (2) possesses a ladder-type framework. Notably, cluster (2) exhibits superior surface smoothness and enhanced photosensitivity to both e-beams and EUV light compared to the well-known tin oxide cage, [(BuSn)₁₂O₁₄(OH)₆](OH)₂ (3). In e-beam lithography, cluster (2) facilitated the fabrication of high-resolution patterns with a half-pitch (HP) of 21 nm at a dose of <i>J</i> = 1760 μC cm^-2. Similarly, its EUV lithography achieved an impressive HP of 16 nm at <i>J</i> = 70 mJ cm^-2. In the etching resistance test, the tin carboxylate-free cluster (2) exhibited a low etching rate with a SiO₂-selectivity contrast of approximately 1.53, which is significantly higher than the 0.73 observed for the model tin carboxylate cluster (1'). Mechanistic studies by both FTIR and HRXPS revealed that the extent of Sn-butyl loss is less significant than that of Sn-OH loss. The photolytic aggregation of cluster (2) predominantly involves the dehydration of two Sn-OH groups. Additionally, FTIR identified a surface reaction between SiOH and Sn-OH, forming new Sn-O-Si absorption peaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure–activity relationships in the development of single atom catalysts for sustainable organic transformations","authors":"Deepshikha Roy and Kalyanjyoti Deori","doi":"10.1039/D4NA00433G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4NA00433G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Single atom catalysts (SACs), which can provide the combined benefits of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, are a revolutionary concept in the field of material research. The highly exposed catalytic surfaces, unsaturated sites, as well as unique structural and electronic properties of SACs have the potential to catalyze numerous reactions with unmatched efficiency and durability when stabilized on a suitable support. In this review, we have provided an intuitive insight into the strategies adopted in the last 5 years for morphology control of SACs to know about its impact on metal–support interaction and various organic transformations with special reference to metal oxides, alloys, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and carbon-based supports. This review also includes a brief description of unparalleled potentials of SACs and the recent advances in the catalysis of industrially important organic transformations, with special emphasis on the C–C cross-coupling reaction, biomass conversion, hydrogenation, oxidation and click chemistry. This unprecedented and unique perspective will highlight the interactions occurring within SACs that are responsible for their high catalytic efficiency, which will potentially benefit various organic transformations. We have also suggested plausible synergy of various other concepts such as defect engineering and piezocatalysis with SACs, which can provide a new direction to sustainable chemistry. A good understanding of the different types of metal–support interactions will help researchers develop morphology-controlled SACs with tunable properties and establish mechanisms for their exceptional catalytic behaviour in industrially important organic transformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1243-1271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11792631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resorcinol-formaldehyde supported isatin-Schiff-base/Fe as a green and reusable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidines.","authors":"Fatemeh Kiani, Dawood Elhamifar, Shiva Kargar","doi":"10.1039/d4na00775a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4na00775a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, a novel magnetic resorcinol-formaldehyde-supported isatin-Schiff-base/Fe complex (Fe₃O₄@RF-ISB/Fe) is prepared and characterized and its catalytic performance is investigated in the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidines. The Fe₃O₄@RF-ISB nanomaterial was prepared through the chemical immobilization of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane over the Fe₃O₄@RF composite, followed by treatment with isatin. The Fe₃O₄@RF-ISB was then reacted with FeCl₃·6H₂O to afford the Fe₃O₄@RF-ISB/Fe nanocatalyst. Characterization through FT-IR, EDX, PXRD, VSM, SEM and ICP techniques confirmed that the magnetite surface was successfully modified with RF/ISB-Fe while preserving its crystalline structure. The SEM image revealed spherical particles with an average size of 44 nm for the designed nanocomposite. Various aromatic aldehydes were used as substrates in the presence of 0.01 g of Fe₃O₄@RF-ISB/Fe to give the corresponding pyranopyrimidines in high yields (88-95%) within short reaction times (30-55 minutes) at RT. The designed magnetic catalyst maintained its activity for nine runs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface engineering of 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds with polydopamine and 4-methoxycinnamic acid-chitosan nanoparticles for bone regeneration.","authors":"Abinaya Shanmugavadivu, Nagarajan Selvamurugan","doi":"10.1039/d4na00768a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4na00768a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone remodeling, a continuous process of resorption and formation, is essential for maintaining skeletal integrity and mineral balance. However, in cases of critical bone defects where the natural bone remodeling capacity is insufficient, medical intervention is necessary. Traditional bone grafts have limitations such as donor site morbidity and availability, driving the search for bioengineered scaffold alternatives. The choice of biomaterial is crucial in scaffold design, as it provides a substrate that supports cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Poly-lactic acid (PLA) is known for its biocompatibility and biodegradability, but its hydrophobicity hinders cell attachment and tissue regeneration. To enhance PLA's bioactivity, we fabricated 3D-printed PLA scaffolds using fused deposition modelling. They were then surface-treated with NaOH to increase their reactivity, followed by polydopamine (PDA) and 4-methoxycinnamic acid (MCA)-loaded chitosan nanoparticle (nCS) coatings though polyelectrolyte complexation. Even though MCA, a polyphenolic, is known for its therapeutic properties, its osteogenic potential is not yet known. MCA treatment in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) promoted increased levels of Runx2 mRNA, a key bone transcription factor. Due to MCA's hydrophobic nature, nCS were used as carriers. The PLA/PDA/nCS-MCA scaffolds exhibited exceptional compressive strength and bioactivity. Biocompatibility tests confirmed that these scaffolds were non-cytotoxic to mMSCs. Overall, this study highlights the osteogenic potential of MCA and demonstrates the improved biocompatibility, bioactivity, wettability, and cell adhesion properties of the PDA/nCS-MCA-coated PLA scaffolds, positioning it as a promising material for bone tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11776148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the photocatalytic potential of C/N-co-doped ZnO nanorods produced via a mechano-thermal process†","authors":"Parmeshwar Lal Meena, Ajay Kumar Surela, Lata Kumari Chhachhia, Jugmohan Meena and Rohitash Meena","doi":"10.1039/D4NA00890A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4NA00890A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Doping in pure materials causes vital alterations in opto-electrical and physicochemical characteristics, which enable the produced doped material to be highly efficient and effective. The current work focused on the synthesis of C/N-co-doped-ZnO nanorods <em>via</em> a facile, eco-friendly, and solvent-free mechano-thermal approach. The synthesized C/N-co-doped ZnO nanorods were employed for the photocatalytic decay of methylene blue (MB) and brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) dyes, and their degradation capability was compared with that of pure ZnO nanoparticles prepared <em>via</em> a precipitation approach. The FESEM findings confirmed the formation of rod-shaped nanostructures of co-doped ZnO nanoparticles, and EDX and XPS results revealed the successful doping of C and N atoms in ZnO lattices. The XRD and XPS results substantiated that N-doping in the ZnO lattice followed substitutional and interstitial mechanisms, while C-doping followed a substitutional pathway. The co-doped ZnO nanorods exhibited highly enhanced degradation potential toward both MB (∼99%) and BCB (∼98%) dyes upon exposure to visible light for 60 min in a basic medium at pH = 10 owing to factors such as formation of new energy states within the band gap of ZnO, delayed recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, and formation of lattice defects in the ZnO lattice due to C and N doping. The MB and BCB dyes photodegraded at degradation rates of 637.23 × 10<small>⁻⁴</small> and 775.25 × 10<small>⁻⁴</small> min<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively, and the photodegradation process showed good agreement with the pseudo-first-order kinetics in the presence of co-doped ZnO nanorods under visible light illumination. The ˙O<small>₂</small><small>⁻</small> radicals were the key reactive species involved in the decay of MB and BCB dyes over co-doped ZnO, as confirmed <em>via</em> scavenger studies, and the C/N-co-doped ZnO nanorods retained approximately 90% and 91% efficiencies for BCB and MB dyes, respectively, after three successive cycles of reuse, which confirmed their good stability and reusability under visible light.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 1335-1352"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}