IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-01668-x

引用次数: 0

Light reflects as a vortex off a metamaterial with unusual optical properties 光以涡旋的形式反射出具有不同寻常光学特性的超材料

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-01624-9

引用次数: 0

Electrical switching of a p-wave magnet p波磁体的电开关

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09034-7

Qian Song, Srdjan Stavrić, Paolo Barone, Andrea Droghetti, Daniil S. Antonenko, Jörn W. F. Venderbos, Connor A. Occhialini, Batyr Ilyas, Emre Ergeçen, Nuh Gedik, Sang-Wook Cheong, Rafael M. Fernandes, Silvia Picozzi, Riccardo Comin

{"title":"Electrical switching of a p-wave magnet","authors":"Qian Song, Srdjan Stavrić, Paolo Barone, Andrea Droghetti, Daniil S. Antonenko, Jörn W. F. Venderbos, Connor A. Occhialini, Batyr Ilyas, Emre Ergeçen, Nuh Gedik, Sang-Wook Cheong, Rafael M. Fernandes, Silvia Picozzi, Riccardo Comin","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09034-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09034-7","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic states with zero magnetization but non-relativistic spin splitting are outstanding candidates for the next generation of spintronic devices. Their electronvolt (eV)-scale spin splitting, ultrafast spin dynamics and nearly vanishing stray fields make them particularly promising for several applications1,2. A variety of such magnetic states with non-trivial spin textures have been identified recently, including even-parity d-wave, g-wave or i-wave altermagnets and odd-parity p-wave magnets3,4,5,6,7. Achieving voltage-based control of the non-uniform spin polarization of these magnetic states is of great interest for realizing energy-efficient and compact devices for information storage and processing8,9. Spin-spiral type II multiferroics are optimal candidates for such voltage-based control, as they exhibit an inversion-symmetry-breaking magnetic order that directly induces ferroelectric polarization, allowing for symmetry-protected cross-control between spin chirality and polar order10,11,12,13,14. Here we combine photocurrent measurements, first-principles calculations and group-theory analysis to provide direct evidence that the spin polarization of the spin-spiral type II multiferroic NiI2 exhibits odd-parity character connected to the spiral chirality. The symmetry-protected coupling between chirality and polar order enables electrical control of a primarily non-relativistic spin polarization. Our findings represent an observation of p-wave magnetism in a spin-spiral type II multiferroic, which may lead to the development of voltage-based switching of non-relativistic spin polarization in compensated magnets.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two distinct host-specialized fungal species cause white-nose disease in bats 两种不同的寄主特化真菌引起蝙蝠的白鼻病

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09060-5

Nicola M. Fischer, Imogen Dumville, Benoit Nabholz, Violeta Zhelyazkova, Ruth-Marie Stecker, Anna S. Blomberg, Serena E. Dool, Marcus Fritze, Marie-Ka Tilak, Andriy-Taras Bashta, Clothilde Chenal, Anna-Sophie Fiston-Lavier, Sebastien J. Puechmaille

{"title":"Two distinct host-specialized fungal species cause white-nose disease in bats","authors":"Nicola M. Fischer, Imogen Dumville, Benoit Nabholz, Violeta Zhelyazkova, Ruth-Marie Stecker, Anna S. Blomberg, Serena E. Dool, Marcus Fritze, Marie-Ka Tilak, Andriy-Taras Bashta, Clothilde Chenal, Anna-Sophie Fiston-Lavier, Sebastien J. Puechmaille","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09060-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09060-5","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of infectious diseases, particularly those caused by fungal pathogens, poses serious threats to public health, wildlife and ecosystem stability1. Host–fungus interactions and environmental factors have been extensively examined2,3,4. However, the role of genetic variability in pathogens is often less well-studied, even for diseases such as white-nose in bats, which has caused one of the highest disease-driven death tolls documented in nonhuman mammals5. Previous research on white-nose disease has primarily focused on variations in disease outcomes attributed to host traits or environmental conditions6,7,8, but has neglected pathogen variability. Here we leverage an extensive reference collection of 5,479 fungal isolates from 27 countries to reveal that the widespread causative agent is not a single species but two sympatric cryptic species, each exhibiting host specialization. Our findings provide evidence of recombination in each species, but significant genetic differentiation across their genomes, including differences in genome organization. Both species contain geographically differentiated populations, which enabled us to identify the species introduced to North America and trace its source population to a region in Ukraine. In light of our discovery of the existence of two cryptic species of the causative agent of white-nose disease, our research underscores the need to integrate the study of pathogen variability into comprehensive disease surveillance, management and prevention strategies. This holistic approach is crucial for enhancing our understanding of diseases and implementing effective measures to prevent their spread.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preoptic EP3R neurons constitute a two-way switch for fever and torpor 视前EP3R神经元构成发烧和麻木的双向开关

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09056-1

Natalia L. S. Machado, Nicole Lynch, Luis H. A. Costa, David Melville, Hakan Kucukdereli, Satvinder Kaur, Alexander S. Banks, Francesca Raffin, Oscar D. Ramirez-Plascencia, Sydney Aten, Janayna D. Lima, Sathyajit S. Bandaru, Richard D. Palmiter, Clifford B. Saper

{"title":"Preoptic EP3R neurons constitute a two-way switch for fever and torpor","authors":"Natalia L. S. Machado, Nicole Lynch, Luis H. A. Costa, David Melville, Hakan Kucukdereli, Satvinder Kaur, Alexander S. Banks, Francesca Raffin, Oscar D. Ramirez-Plascencia, Sydney Aten, Janayna D. Lima, Sathyajit S. Bandaru, Richard D. Palmiter, Clifford B. Saper","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09056-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09056-1","url":null,"abstract":"Many species use a temporary decrease in body temperature and metabolic rate (torpor) as a strategy to survive food scarcity in a cool environment. Torpor is caused by preoptic neurons that express a variety of peptides and receptors1,2,3,4,5,6,7, but no single genetic marker has been found for this population. Here we report that expression of the prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3R) marks a unique population of median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) neurons that are required for both torpor and lipopolysaccharide-induced fever8. The MnPO-EP3R neurons produce persistent fever responses when inhibited and prolonged hypothermic responses when activated either chemogenetically or optogenetically, even for brief periods of time. The mechanism for these prolonged responses appears to involve increases in intracellular levels of cAMP and calcium that may persist for many minutes up to hours beyond the termination of a stimulus. These properties endow the population of MnPO-EP3R neurons with the ability to act as a two-way switch for the hypothermic and hyperthermic responses that are required for survival.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The subfornical organ is a nucleus for gut-derived T cells that regulate behaviour 皮层下器官是肠源性T细胞的细胞核，负责调节行为

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09050-7

Tomomi M. Yoshida, Mytien Nguyen, Le Zhang, Benjamin Y. Lu, Biqing Zhu, Katie N. Murray, Yann S. Mineur, Cuiling Zhang, Di Xu, Elizabeth Lin, Joseph Luchsinger, Sagar Bhatta, Daniel A. Waizman, Mackenzie E. Coden, Yifan Ma, Kavita Israni-Winger, Anthony Russo, Haowei Wang, Wenzhi Song, Jafar Al Souz, Hongyu Zhao, Joseph E. Craft, Marina R. Picciotto, Jaime Grutzendler, Marcello Distasio, Noah W. Palm, David A. Hafler, Andrew Wang

{"title":"The subfornical organ is a nucleus for gut-derived T cells that regulate behaviour","authors":"Tomomi M. Yoshida, Mytien Nguyen, Le Zhang, Benjamin Y. Lu, Biqing Zhu, Katie N. Murray, Yann S. Mineur, Cuiling Zhang, Di Xu, Elizabeth Lin, Joseph Luchsinger, Sagar Bhatta, Daniel A. Waizman, Mackenzie E. Coden, Yifan Ma, Kavita Israni-Winger, Anthony Russo, Haowei Wang, Wenzhi Song, Jafar Al Souz, Hongyu Zhao, Joseph E. Craft, Marina R. Picciotto, Jaime Grutzendler, Marcello Distasio, Noah W. Palm, David A. Hafler, Andrew Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09050-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09050-7","url":null,"abstract":"Specialized immune cells that reside in tissues orchestrate diverse biological functions by communicating with parenchymal cells1. The contribution of the innate immune compartment in the meninges and the central nervous system (CNS) is well-characterized; however, whether cells of the adaptive immune system reside in the brain and are involved in maintaining homeostasis is unclear2,3,4. Here we show that the subfornical organ (SFO) of the brain is a nucleus for parenchymal αβ T cells in the steady-state brain in both mice and humans. Using unbiased transcriptomics, we show that these extravascular T cells in the brain are distinct from meningeal T cells: they secrete IFNγ robustly and express tissue-residence proteins such as CXCR6, which are required for their retention in the brain and for normal adaptive behaviour. These T cells are primed in the periphery by the microbiome, and traffic from the white adipose and gastrointestinal tissues to the brain. Once established, their numbers can be modulated by alterations to either the gut microbiota or the composition of adipose tissue. In summary, we find that CD4 T cells reside in the brain at steady state and are anatomically concentrated in the SFO in mice and humans; that they are transcriptionally and functionally distinct from meningeal T cells; and that they secrete IFNγ to maintain CNS homeostasis through homeostatic fat–brain and gut–brain axes.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reverse electron transport drives metabolic changes in obesity 逆向电子传递驱动肥胖的代谢变化

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-01621-y

引用次数: 0

First Chinese mission to sample an asteroid starts its journey 中国首个小行星取样任务开始了它的旅程

IF 64.8 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-01672-1

引用次数: 0

Europe can capture the US brain drain — if it acts fast 欧洲可以抓住美国的人才流失——如果行动迅速的话

IF 50.5 1区综合性期刊

Nature Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-025-01567-1