Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems最新文献

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: KM in Mission Critical Environments - Process vs. People!","authors":"A. Hessami","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90260","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike safety that is purely human focused, security is regarded as freedom from unacceptable risk of harm to people, loss to business and property or the natural environment. Unlike safety, security is characterised by malicious intent within the cyber, physical and organisational context and as yet not generally regulated. However, in the same manner as safety, assurance of security of complex products and services is another major challenge in mission critical systems.","PeriodicalId":187774,"journal":{"name":"Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123089843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ISM Approach to Evaluate Critical Success Factors for Knowledge Management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"S. Renukappa, S. Suresh, Saeed Al Nabt, Redouane Sarrakh, Khaled Algahtani","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90069","url":null,"abstract":"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) government aims to reduce fiscal deficit by improving efficiency, reducing costs, as well as its subsidies. This often calls for the creation, use and exploitation of new knowledge. Therefore, knowledge assets must be properly managed to provide an environment for well-informed decisions. The aim of this chapter is to investigate the critical success factors (CSFs) for effective implementation of Knowledge Management (KM) strategies in the KSA public sector organisations. Semi-structured interviews with 42 public sector directors and managers were conducted. Nine key CSFs were revealed. The association between the identified factors is established by employing an interpretive structural modelling methodology. The Matrix of Cross-Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification analysis is carried out for identifying the factors having high influential power. The results indicated that ‘leadership’ and ‘organisational culture’ are the most significant critical success factors having highest driving power. The chapter concludes that leadership plays a key role in implementing KM strategies in the KSA. Leadership is about preparing organisation with a KM vision and values. The findings of this research provide valuable insight and guidance which will help the public sector decision makers to accomplish KM strategies effectively.","PeriodicalId":187774,"journal":{"name":"Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124663478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Social Networks for Knowledge Sharing and the Impact of Collaboration on Network Innovation in Online Communities","authors":"Stefan Kambiz Behfar","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89605","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation results from interactions between different sources of knowledge, where these sources aggregate into groups interacting within (intra) and between (inter) groups. Interaction among groups for innovation generation is defined as the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among members of a social system. Apart from the discussion about knowledge management within organizations and the discussion about social network analysis of organizations on the topic of innovation and talks about various trade-offs between strength of ties and bridging ties between different organizational groups, within the topic of open source software (OSS) development researchers have used social network theories to investigate OSS phenomenon including communication among developers. It is already known that OSS groups are more networked than the most organizational communities; In OSS network, programmers can join, participate and leave a project at any time, and in fact developers can collaborate not only within the same project but also among different projects or teams. One distinguished feature of the open source software (OSS) development model is the cooperation and collaboration among the members, which will cause various social networks to emerge. In this chapter, the existing gap in the literature with regard to the analysis of cluster or group structure as an input and cluster or group innovation as an output will be addressed, where the focus is on “impact of network cluster structure on cluster innovation and growth” by Behfar et al., that is, how intra- and inter-cluster coupling, structural holes and tie strength impact cluster innovation and growth, and “knowledge management in OSS communities: relationship between dense and sparse network structures.” by Behfar et al., that is, knowledge transfer in dense network (inside groups) impacts on knowledge transfer in sparse network (between groups).","PeriodicalId":187774,"journal":{"name":"Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124713296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systems Engineering as an Essential Organizational Competence for Knowing and Innovating","authors":"M. Henshaw, Sofia Ahlberg Pilfold","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90070","url":null,"abstract":"Systems Engineering is described as a transdisciplinary approach that integrates all disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort, developing an innovation from concept to fully operational system. However, its procedural nature has been viewed by some as inhibiting innovation. By considering the whole of the innovation cycle, we demonstrate that Systems Engineering is actually essential to overcome the so-called valley of death in terms of technology readiness. Drawing on two case studies of knowledge management in large organizations (one government and one private industry), we show the benefits of a perspective in which the organization is viewed as a system through which dispersed explicit and tacit knowledge may be integrated to support innovation. However, this relies on appreciations of the full range of different knowledge types and the importance of organizational culture in the knowing and action cycle. The importance of organizations and the individuals within them adopting systemic thinking and systematic effectiveness are essential attributes of innovation: these are embodied in the discipline of Systems Engineering.","PeriodicalId":187774,"journal":{"name":"Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125141373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing IoT Data and Knowledge in Smart Manufacturing","authors":"Joseph S. M. Yuen, K. Choy, Y. Tsang, H. Y. Lam","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.86293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86293","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern digitalized era, the use of electronic devices is a necessity in daily life, with most end users requiring high product quality of these devices. During the electronics manufacturing process, environmental control, for monitoring ambient temperature and relative humidity, is one of the critical elements affecting product quality. However, the manufacturing process is complicated and involves numerous sections, such as processing workshops and storage facilities. Each section has its own specific requirements for environmental conditions, which are checked regularly and manually, such that the whole environmental control process becomes time-consuming and inefficient. In addition, the reporting mechanism when conditions are out of specification is done manually at regular intervals, resulting in a certain likelihood of serious quality deviation. There is a substantial need for improving knowledge management under smart manufacturing for full integration of Internet of Things (IoT) data and manufacturing knowledge. In this chapter, an Internet-of-Things Quality Prediction System (IQPS), which is a mission critical system in electronics manufacturing, is proposed in adopting the advanced IoT technologies to develop a real-time environmental monitoring scheme in electronics manufacturing. By deploying IQPS, the total intelligent environmental monitoring is achieved, while product quality is predicted in a systematic manner.","PeriodicalId":187774,"journal":{"name":"Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116183357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Communication Skills in Virtual Product Development Process: Experience From EGPR","authors":"N. Vukašinović, J. Benedičič, R. Zavbi","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90059","url":null,"abstract":"More than a decade of continuous international collaboration of several European universities in teaching new product development in virtual environment gives unique opportunity to investigate evolution and development of communication techniques for NPD collaboration in virtual environment. This chapter provides theoretical and practical view on different aspects: technical evolution of ICT tools, development and fostering of communication flow, personal aspects of IT communication, with important emphasis on building of trust within virtual teams. The reader can extract from this chapter guidelines for work in collaborative virtual environment, to run effectively either small projects, meetings and lectures or even more complex projects, distributed among several dislocated teams. The chrono-logical overview of the continuous virtual communication in the last 15 years gives also fair suggestions about future evolution for the next decade.","PeriodicalId":187774,"journal":{"name":"Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129080700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplexity: A Hybrid Framework for Managing System Complexity","authors":"M. Reiss","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90030","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge management, management of mission critical systems, and complexity management rely on a triangular support connection. Knowledge management provides ways of creating, corroborating, collecting, combining, storing, transferring, and sharing the know-why and know-how for reactively and proac-tively handling the challenges of mission critical systems. Complexity management, operating on “complexity” as an umbrella term for size, mass, diversity, ambiguity, fuzziness, randomness, risk, change, chaos, instability, and disruption, delivers support to both knowledge and systems management: on the one hand, support for dealing with the complexity of managing knowledge, i.e., furnishing criteria for a common and operationalized terminology, for dealing with mediating and moderating concepts, paradoxes, and controversial validity, and, on the other hand, support for systems managers coping with risks, lack of transparence, ambiguity, fuzziness, pooled and reciprocal interdependencies (e.g., for attaining interoper-ability), instability (e.g., downtime, oscillations, disruption), and even disasters and catastrophes. This support results from the evident intersection of complexity management and systems management, e.g., in the shape of complex adaptive systems, deploying slack, establishing security standards, and utilizing hybrid concepts (e.g., hybrid clouds, hybrid procedures for project management). The complexity-focused manager of mission critical systems should deploy an ambi-dextrous strategy of both reducing complexity, e.g., in terms of avoiding risks, and of establishing a potential to handle complexity, i.e., investing in high availability, business continuity, slack, optimal coupling, characteristics of high reliability organizations, and agile systems. This complexity-focused hybrid approach is labeled “simplexity.” It constitutes a blend of complexity reduction and complexity augmentation, relying on the generic logic of hybrids: the strengths of complexity reduction are capable of compensating the weaknesses of complexity augmentation and vice versa. The deficiencies of prevalent simplexity models signal that this blended approach requires a sophisticated architecture. In order to provide a sound base for aligned upsizing and downsizing of capacities, the relevance of diversity management (e.g., in terms of deviations and errors), and the scope of risk management instruments. Strategies (e.g., heuristics, step-by-step procedures) and tools for managing simplexity-guided projects are outlined.","PeriodicalId":187774,"journal":{"name":"Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122341212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge Redundancy Cycles in Complex Mission-Critical Systems","authors":"D. Mann","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90138","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a 20-year, 10-million case study programme of research, 98% of all innovation attempts end in failure. The main aim of the research has been to decode the underpinning, first-principle-driven ‘DNA’ of the 2% of successful attempts. Sitting right at the centre of this DNA is a triad of fundamentals: the need to embrace the dynamics of complex adaptive systems, the need to actively seek out and eliminate compromises and contradictions, and the need for industry domains to periodically unlearn knowledge that has become redundant. The chapter discusses all three of these pillars. Particular attention is paid to the knowledge redundancy topic, where the fact that the life-cycle of knowledge follows distinct, repeating patterns of evolution at meta, macro and microhierarchical levels is demonstrated. The research further demonstrates how organizations can use these patterns to objectively identify redundancy ‘pulse-rates’ and thus objectively manage both the acquisition of required new knowledge and the disposal of knowledge that is no longer fit for purpose. The research shows too that a key aspect of this ‘unlearning’ activity demands that organizational leaders acknowledge and accommodate the very human emotions that accompany change initiatives where the things that define a person’s competence become a hazard to the future success of the enterprise.","PeriodicalId":187774,"journal":{"name":"Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131026896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Systemic/Systematic Innovation and Its Role in Delivering Improvement and Change in the Design of Mission Critical Systems","authors":"Farhad Fassihi, R. Ghaffari","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.89840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89840","url":null,"abstract":"Mission critical systems (MCS) are complex nested hierarchies of systems, subsystems and components with defined purpose, characteristics, boundaries and interfaces, working in harmony to deliver vital organisational functionalities. Upgrading MCS performance is inevitable when capability enhancement is required or new technologies emerge. Improving MCS however is considered with certain degrees of reluctance due to their sensitive role in organisations and the potential disruptive impact of unexpected consequences of change. Innovation in MCS often appears in small steps that affect the entire system due to their highly interdependent structures. Effective management of innovation introduction in complex systems require sys-temic/systematic processes that involve process management and collective analysis, scoping, decision-making and R&D which relies on effective information sharing. This approach should run throughout the system and must include all aspects and stakeholders, utilising the skills and knowledge of all involved. This chapter describes the basic concepts and potential approaches that could be utilised to build intelligent systemic/systematic and collaborative environments for MCS innovation. Advances in ICT technologies provide an opportunity to access the wider sphere of knowledge and support the systemic innovation processes. Adopting systemic approaches increases process efficacy, leading to more reliable solutions, shorter development lead times and reduced costs.","PeriodicalId":187774,"journal":{"name":"Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems","volume":"9 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131804790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redundancy and Synchronisation Management in Mission- and Time-Critical Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Davide Scazzoli, M. Magarini, G. Verticale","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90133","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a technology that has been increasingly adopted thanks to their ability to inexpensively and safely gather information in difficult-to-access environments. Because of this they are an invaluable tool to gather knowledge about health, usage, and performance parameters of products in any environment as well as identify the onset of, and avoid or mitigate, catastrophic failures. This chapter will introduce the benefits that WSNs can bring to the process of knowledge management for the development and maintenance of products as well as discuss emerging research trends regarding two prominent concerns inher-ent to WSNs: redundancy management and synchronisation. After reviewing these results, their impact and applicability to mission-critical applications will be discussed, as well as the interaction between the solutions.","PeriodicalId":187774,"journal":{"name":"Harnessing Knowledge, Innovation and Competence in Engineering of Mission Critical Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123057975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}