Methods and Protocols最新文献_第3页

The Reconstructed Individual Patient Data from Kaplan-Meier (IPDfromKM) Method for Non-Inferiority Analyses: A New Potential Application. 基于Kaplan-Meier （IPDfromKM）方法的非劣效性分析：一种新的潜在应用。

IF 2.3

Methods and Protocols Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.3390/mps8010013

Eugenia Piragine, Sabrina Trippoli, Sara Veneziano, Andrea Messori, Vincenzo Calderone

{"title":"The Reconstructed Individual Patient Data from Kaplan-Meier (IPDfromKM) Method for Non-Inferiority Analyses: A New Potential Application.","authors":"Eugenia Piragine, Sabrina Trippoli, Sara Veneziano, Andrea Messori, Vincenzo Calderone","doi":"10.3390/mps8010013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mps8010013","url":null,"abstract":"The IPDfromKM method, or Shiny method, is an artificial intelligence tool that enables indirect comparisons between studies by reconstructing individual patient data (IPD) from Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves. The IPDfromKM method is generally used for superiority analyses, but a further application could be represented by non-inferiority analyses. However, there are no studies supporting this methodological hypothesis. The aim of this work was to validate the IPDfromKM method for non-inferiority analyses by \"exploiting\" the well-described non-inferiority of implantable devices occluding the left atrial appendage compared to oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. We performed a systematic review searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the PubMed database and found five studies. The R software (version 4.3.3) was used to perform a standard survival analysis comparing Watchman and Amlet devices with warfarin. The hazard ratio (HR), with 95% confidence interval (CI), was the main parameter of our analysis. The results confirmed the non-inferiority of Amlet and Watchman compared to warfarin (HR of Watchman vs. warfarin: 1.23, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.9; HR of Amlet vs. warfarin: 1.05, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.80). Therefore, we proposed a new application of the IPDfromKM method that could be potentially relevant in decision-making for the management of this common cardiac arrhythmia and a wide range of other pathological conditions.","PeriodicalId":18715,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Protocols","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Procurement, Processing, and Storage of Human Amniotic Membranes for Implantation Purposes in Non-Healing Pressure Ulcers. 用于未愈合压疮植入的人羊膜的获取、加工和储存。

IF 2.3

Methods and Protocols Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.3390/mps8010012

Lina A Gómez, Carlos Domínguez-Paz, Juan F Ospina, Elga J Vargas

{"title":"Procurement, Processing, and Storage of Human Amniotic Membranes for Implantation Purposes in Non-Healing Pressure Ulcers.","authors":"Lina A Gómez, Carlos Domínguez-Paz, Juan F Ospina, Elga J Vargas","doi":"10.3390/mps8010012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mps8010012","url":null,"abstract":"The human amniotic membrane (hAM) has been used as an implant to enhance the regenerative process and control inflammation in different diseases, given their structure, biocompatibility, presence of stem cells and multiple growth factors. The objective of this study was to generate a standardized protocol for obtaining, processing, and storing hAMs that guarantee the conservation of their structural and cellular characteristics as well as their mechanical properties, ensuring their ease of handling, sterility, and quality that allows their implementation for therapeutic purposes in the field of regenerative medicine. The hAMs were obtained from mothers with healthy, full-term, controlled pregnancies and by cesarean section. The hAMs were processed under sterile conditions, manually separated from the placenta and, subsequently, they were frozen in a solution of culture medium plus 50% v/v glycerol. The protocol allows obtaining sterile hAMs composed of both epithelium and stroma with adequate preservation of the amniotic cells. The glycerol's impact on the mechanical properties may enhance the membrane's adaptability and conformability to diverse wound surfaces, potentially improving the healing process. It is necessary to repeat microbiological, cell viability and mechanical studies at 6 and 12 months to ensure that long-term frozen conditions do not affect the quality of the hAMs.","PeriodicalId":18715,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Protocols","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Commercially Available Thermostable DNA Polymerases with Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Coupled Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays. 市售热稳定DNA聚合酶与逆转录酶活性在偶联逆转录聚合酶链反应试验中的比较。

IF 2.3

Methods and Protocols Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.3390/mps8010011

Evgeniya V Smirnova, Konstantin A Blagodatskikh, Ekaterina V Barsova, Dmitriy A Varlamov, Vladimir M Kramarov, Konstantin B Ignatov

引用次数: 0

Optimized Methods to Quantify Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields)-Induced Permeabilization of Glioblastoma Cell Membranes. 量化肿瘤治疗场（TTFields）诱导胶质母细胞瘤细胞膜通透性的优化方法。

IF 2.3

Methods and Protocols Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.3390/mps8010010

Melisa Martinez-Paniagua, Sabbir Khan, Nikita W Henning, Sri Vaishnavi Konagalla, Chirag B Patel

{"title":"Optimized Methods to Quantify Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields)-Induced Permeabilization of Glioblastoma Cell Membranes.","authors":"Melisa Martinez-Paniagua, Sabbir Khan, Nikita W Henning, Sri Vaishnavi Konagalla, Chirag B Patel","doi":"10.3390/mps8010010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mps8010010","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal primary brain cancer with a 5.6% five-year survival rate. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) are alternating low-intensity electric fields that have demonstrated a GBM patient survival benefit. We previously reported that 0.5-24 h of TTFields exposure resulted in an increased uptake of FITC-dextran fluorescent probes (4-20 kDa) in human GBM cells. However, this approach, in which a fluorescence plate-based detector is used to evaluate cells attached to glass coverslips, cannot distinguish FITC-dextran uptake in live vs. dead cells. The goal of the study was to report the optimization and validation of two independent methods to quantify human GBM cell membrane permeabilization induced by TTFields exposure. First, we optimized flow cytometry by measuring mean fluorescence intensity at 72 h for 4 kDa (TTFields 6726 ± 958.0 vs. no-TTFields 5093 ± 239.7, p = 0.016) and 20 kDa (7087 ± 1137 vs. 5055 ± 897.8, p = 0.031) probes. Second, we measured the ratio of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to cell viability (measured using the CellTiter-Glo [CTG] viability assay); the LDH/CTG ratio was higher under TTFields (1.47 ± 0.15) than no-TTFields (1.08 ± 0.08) conditions, p < 0.0001. The findings using these two independent methods reproducibly demonstrated their utility for time-dependent evaluations. We also showed that these methods can be used to relate the cell membrane-permeabilizing effects of the non-ionizing radiation of TTFields to that of an established cell membrane permeabilizer, the non-ionic detergent Triton-X-100. Evaluating carboplatin ± TTFields, the LDH/CTG ratio was significantly higher in the TTFields vs. no-TTFields condition at each carboplatin concentration (0-30 µM), p = 0.014. We successfully optimized and validated two cost-effective methods to reproducibly quantify TTFields-induced human GBM cancer cell membrane permeabilization.","PeriodicalId":18715,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Protocols","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11858626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validity of a New Portable Sensor to Measure Velocity-Based Resistance Training. 一种新型便携式传感器测量基于速度的阻力训练的有效性。

IF 2.3

Methods and Protocols Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.3390/mps8010009

Alejandro Justo-Álvarez, Juan García-López, Rafael Sabido, Adrián García-Valverde

{"title":"Validity of a New Portable Sensor to Measure Velocity-Based Resistance Training.","authors":"Alejandro Justo-Álvarez, Juan García-López, Rafael Sabido, Adrián García-Valverde","doi":"10.3390/mps8010009","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mps8010009","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the concurrent validity of the Vitruve linear encoder compared to the T-Force device for measuring mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and peak velocity (PV) during the free-weight bench press exercise. Thirteen resistance-trained men participated in three sessions, during which MPV and PV were recorded simultaneously by both devices. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Bland-Altman analysis, and effect size calculations, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. The results showed discrepancies between the Vitruve and T-Force devices across different intensity levels. Specifically, the Vitruve device generally reported higher MPV and lower PV values, particularly at moderate and low intensities. Vitruve was deemed useful for MPV measurements, especially at velocities below 0.65 m/s during free-weight bench press exercises. In conclusion, the Vitruve device overestimated MPV and underestimated PV at moderate and low loads (>0.65 m·s-1), with the discrepancies increasing as velocity rose. It can provide valuable data for monitoring and assessing resistance training programs focused on MPV at heavier loads (<0.65 m·s-1). Researchers and practitioners should take these findings into account when incorporating the Vitruve into velocity-based strength training protocols.","PeriodicalId":18715,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Protocols","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finite Element Analysis of Functionally Loaded Subperiosteal Implants Evaluated on a Realistic Model Reproducing Severe Atrophic Jaws. 骨膜下植入物功能载荷的有限元分析，用于模拟严重颌骨萎缩。

IF 2.3

Methods and Protocols Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.3390/mps8010008

Gerardo Pellegrino, Maryia Karaban, Veronica Scalchi, Marco Urbani, Amerigo Giudice, Carlo Barausse, Pietro Felice

{"title":"Finite Element Analysis of Functionally Loaded Subperiosteal Implants Evaluated on a Realistic Model Reproducing Severe Atrophic Jaws.","authors":"Gerardo Pellegrino, Maryia Karaban, Veronica Scalchi, Marco Urbani, Amerigo Giudice, Carlo Barausse, Pietro Felice","doi":"10.3390/mps8010008","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mps8010008","url":null,"abstract":"Implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation for patients with severely atrophic jaws is challenging due to complex anatomical considerations and the limitations of conventional augmentation techniques. This study explores the potential of subperiosteal (juxta-osseous) implants as an alternative solution, using finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate mechanical performance. Realistic jaw models, developed from radiographic data, are utilized to simulate various implant configurations and load scenarios. Results indicate that different screw placements, implant designs, and structural modifications can significantly influence stress distribution and biomechanical behavior. Upper and lower jaw models were assessed under multiple load conditions to determine optimal configurations. Findings suggest that strategic adjustments, such as adding posterior screws or altering implant connections, can enhance load distribution and reduce stress concentration, particularly in critical areas. Tensile loads in critical bone areas near cortical fixing screws exceeded 50 MPa under anterior loading, while configurations with larger load distributions reduced stress on both implant and bone. The study provides evidence-based insights into optimizing subperiosteal implant design to improve stability, longevity, and patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18715,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Protocols","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and Validation of a High-Throughput Quantification Method of Crown Procyanidins in Different Wines by UHPLC-Q-TOF. UHPLC-Q-TOF高通量定量测定不同葡萄酒中冠原花青素方法的建立与验证。

IF 2.3

Methods and Protocols Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.3390/mps8010007

Manon Ferreira, Pierre-Louis Teissedre, Michaël Jourdes

{"title":"Development and Validation of a High-Throughput Quantification Method of Crown Procyanidins in Different Wines by UHPLC-Q-TOF.","authors":"Manon Ferreira, Pierre-Louis Teissedre, Michaël Jourdes","doi":"10.3390/mps8010007","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mps8010007","url":null,"abstract":"Procyanidins are widely distributed in plant-derived foods, and consist of flavanol oligomers and polymers. Recently, the crown procyanidin sub-family, characterised by a unique macrocyclic structure, has been identified in grapes and wine. This study reports the development and validation of a rapid and quantitative analytical method measuring crown procyanidin concentration in red and white wines using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a Q-TOF mass spectrometer. Validation followed international standards, demonstrating high sensitivity (LOQ = 0.033 mg/L), accuracy (recovery = 88.21% to 107.64%), repeatability (RSD = 1.99% to 11.03%), and intermediate reproducibility (RSD = 2.51% to 19.05%). Minimal matrix effects were observed, ensuring reliable and precise quantification across both wine types. The applicability of the method was confirmed through the successful analysis of wine samples, leading to the first quantification of crown procyanidins in white wine. Concentrations ranged from 0.81 mg/L to 15.88 mg/L in the different analysed wines. This validated method provides a valuable tool for the study of crown procyanidin profiles in various wine matrices and establishes a foundation for future research into the role of crown procyanidins in wines and other food and beverage matrices where these compounds may be present.","PeriodicalId":18715,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Protocols","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heidelberg Adult and Pediatric Airway Registry (HAPA-Registry). 海德堡成人和儿童气道登记（HAPA-Registry）。

IF 2.3

Methods and Protocols Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.3390/mps8010006

Davut D Uzun, Kim Bittlinger, Emily Wibbe, Stefan Mohr, Markus A Weigand, Felix C F Schmitt

{"title":"Heidelberg Adult and Pediatric Airway Registry (HAPA-Registry).","authors":"Davut D Uzun, Kim Bittlinger, Emily Wibbe, Stefan Mohr, Markus A Weigand, Felix C F Schmitt","doi":"10.3390/mps8010006","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mps8010006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Advanced airway management is of fundamental importance in almost all areas of anesthesiology, emergency medicine, and critical care. Securing the airway is of the utmost importance, as this is a prerequisite for the oxygenation of the human organism. The clinical relevance of airway management is particularly evident in the fact that the primary cause of significant anesthesia-related complications can be attributed to this field. The need for the systematic recording of these procedures and their complications, as well as structured training in airway management and the evaluation of outcome parameters, is, therefore, evident.Methods: The HAPA-registry is a prospective and monocentric observational trial at the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany. All patients requiring general anesthesia with consecutive advanced airway management during a surgical procedure were included. We, therefore, planned to include approximately 9000 patients in the first period. Following successful airway management, the anesthetist completed a case report form (CRF) in person. The intention was to record airway management cases on an annual basis for a period of several months, thus ensuring that the register remains up-to-date and that airway management procedures are continuously recorded.Discussion: The aim of this study was to establish an airway registry that enables the systematic recording and evaluation of different methods of airway management. The registry can be used to monitor and evaluate the implementation of current guidelines and recommendations for action, as well as the rates of success and complications.","PeriodicalId":18715,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Protocols","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Drug-Polymer and Drug-Drug Interaction in Cellulosic Multi-Drug Delivery Matrices. 纤维素多药传递基质中药物-聚合物和药物-药物相互作用的评价。

IF 2.3

Methods and Protocols Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.3390/mps8010004

Abdullah Isreb, Mohamed A Alhnan, Abdulrahman Mkia, Khaled Al-Jammal, Abdallah M Yaghi, Enoche Florence Oga, Peter Timmins, Michael Bonner, Robert T Forbes

{"title":"Evaluation of Drug-Polymer and Drug-Drug Interaction in Cellulosic Multi-Drug Delivery Matrices.","authors":"Abdullah Isreb, Mohamed A Alhnan, Abdulrahman Mkia, Khaled Al-Jammal, Abdallah M Yaghi, Enoche Florence Oga, Peter Timmins, Michael Bonner, Robert T Forbes","doi":"10.3390/mps8010004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mps8010004","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-drug delivery systems have gained increasing interest from the pharmaceutical industry. Alongside this is the interest in amorphous solid dispersions as an approach to achieve effective oral delivery of compounds with solubility-limited bioavailability. Despite this, there is limited information regarding predicting the behavior of two or more drugs (in amorphous forms) in a polymeric carrier and whether molecular interactions between the compounds, between each compound, and if the polymer have any effect on the physical properties of the system. This work studies the interaction between model drug combinations (two of ibuprofen, malonic acid, flurbiprofen, or naproxen) dispersed in a polymeric matrix of hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) using a solvent evaporation technique. Hildebrand and Hansen calculations were used to predict the miscibility of compounds as long as the difference in their solubility parameter values was not greater than 7 MPa1/2. It was observed that the selected APIs (malonic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, and flurbiprofen) were miscible within the formed polymeric matrix. Adding the API caused depression in the Tg of the polymer to certain concentrations (17%, 23%, 13%) for polymeric matrices loaded with malonic acid, ibuprofen, and naproxen, respectively. Above this, large crystals started to form, and phase separation was seen. Adding two APIs to the same matrix resulted in reducing the saturation concentration of one of the APIs. A trend was observed and linked to Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters (HSP).","PeriodicalId":18715,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Protocols","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fluorescence Analysis of Quinine in Commercial Tonic Waters. 商品滋补水中奎宁的荧光分析。

IF 2.3

Methods and Protocols Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.3390/mps8010005

Artturi Harcher, Connor Ricard, Danielle Connolly, Isabel Gibbs, Jarve Shaw, Jillian Butler, Julia Perschbacher, Lindsay Replogle, Michaela Eide, Morgan Grissom, Oliver O'Neal, Quan Nguyen, Van Hac Nguyen, Michael Hunnicutt, Roaa Mahmoud, Soma Dhakal

{"title":"Fluorescence Analysis of Quinine in Commercial Tonic Waters.","authors":"Artturi Harcher, Connor Ricard, Danielle Connolly, Isabel Gibbs, Jarve Shaw, Jillian Butler, Julia Perschbacher, Lindsay Replogle, Michaela Eide, Morgan Grissom, Oliver O'Neal, Quan Nguyen, Van Hac Nguyen, Michael Hunnicutt, Roaa Mahmoud, Soma Dhakal","doi":"10.3390/mps8010005","DOIUrl":"10.3390/mps8010005","url":null,"abstract":"Quinine is known for treating malaria, muscle cramps, and, more recently, has been used as an additive in tonic water due to its bitter taste. However, it was shown that excessive consumption of quinine can have severe side effects on health. In this work, we utilized fluorescence spectroscopy to measure the concentration of quinine in commercial tonic water samples. An external standard method was used to calculate the concentrations of quinine in two commercially available tonic water brands, namely Canada Dry and Schweppes, and compare them to the maximum allowable concentration of quinine in beverages. Upon analysis of the data collected by five different groups, the levels of quinine were found to be above the average concentration in most commercial tonic water samples, but below the maximum permitted concentration. Moreover, the five replicate sets of data demonstrated high reproducibility of the method employed in this study. The simple yet instructive protocol that we developed can be adapted to determine the concentration of other fluorescent compounds in foods and beverages. Further, the presented method and detailed protocol can be easily adopted for undergraduate labs and in chemical education.","PeriodicalId":18715,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Protocols","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0