Acta Cybern.Pub Date : 2020-03-18DOI: 10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.11
Julia Kersten, A. Rauh, H. Aschemann
{"title":"Verified Interval Enclosure Techniques for Robust Gain Scheduling Controllers","authors":"Julia Kersten, A. Rauh, H. Aschemann","doi":"10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.11","url":null,"abstract":"In real-life applications, dynamic systems are often subject to uncertainty due to model simplifications, measurement inaccuracy or approximation errors which can be mapped to specific parameters. Uncertainty in dynamic systems can come either in stochastic forms or as interval representations. The latter is applied if the uncertainty is bounded as it will be done in this paper. The main idea is to find a joint approach for an interval-based gain scheduling controller while simultaneously reducing overestimation by enclosing state intervals with the least amount of conservativity. The robust and/ or optimal control design is realized using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to find an efficient solution and aims at a guaranteed stabilization of the system dynamics over a predefined time horizon. A temporal reduction of the widths of intervals representing worst-case bounds of the system states at a specific point of time should occur due to asymptotic stability proven by the employed LMI-based design. However, for commonly used approaches in the computation of interval enclosures, those interval widths seemingly blow up due to the wrapping effect in many cases. To avoid this, we provide two interval enclosure techniques — an exploitation of cooperativity and an exponential approach — and discuss their applicability taking into account two real-life applications, a high-bay rack feeder and an inverse pendulum.","PeriodicalId":187125,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cybern.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117098191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta Cybern.Pub Date : 2020-03-18DOI: 10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.12
N. Meslem, J. Martínez
{"title":"Interval Predictors for a Class of Uncertain Discrete-Time Systems","authors":"N. Meslem, J. Martínez","doi":"10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.12","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents set-valued algorithms to compute tight interval predictions of the state trajectories for a certain class of uncertain dynamical systems. Based on interval analysis and the analytic expression of the state response of discrete-time linear systems, non-conservative numerical schemes are proposed. Moreover, under some stability conditions, the convergence of the width of the predicted state enclosures is proved. The performance of the proposed set-valued algorithms are illustrated through two numerical examples and the results are compared to that obtained with an other method selected from the literature.","PeriodicalId":187125,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cybern.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115950610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta Cybern.Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.8
K. Röbenack, Rick Vosswinkel
{"title":"Eigenvalue Placement by Quantifier Elimination - the Static Output Feedback Problem","authors":"K. Röbenack, Rick Vosswinkel","doi":"10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.8","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution addresses the static output feedback problem of linear time-invariant systems. This is still an area of active research, in contrast to the observer-based state feedback problem, which has been solved decades ago. We consider the formulation and solution of static output feedback design problems using quantifier elimination techniques. Stabilization, as well as more specified eigenvalue placement scenarios, are the focus of the paper.","PeriodicalId":187125,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cybern.","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115602174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta Cybern.Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.6
Jonathan Wunderlich, M. Plum
{"title":"Computer-assisted Existence Proofs for One-dimensional Schrödinger-Poisson Systems","authors":"Jonathan Wunderlich, M. Plum","doi":"10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.6","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger-Poisson system we prove the existence of non-trivial solutions of the one-dimensional stationary Schrödinger-Poisson system using computer-assisted methods. \u0000Starting from a numerical approximate solution, we compute a bound for its defect, and a norm bound for the inverse of the linearization at the approximate solution. For the latter, eigenvalue bounds play a crucial role, especially for the eigenvalues \"close to\" zero. Therefor, we use the Rayleigh-Ritz method and a corollary of the Temple-Lehmann Theorem to get enclosures of the crucial eigenvalues of the linearization below the essential spectrum. \u0000With these data in hand, we can use a fixed-point argument to obtain the desired existence of a non-trivial solution \"nearby\" the approximate one. In addition to the pure existence result, the used methods also provide an enclosure of the exact solution.","PeriodicalId":187125,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cybern.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128311531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta Cybern.Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.9
L. Jaulin, F. L. Bars
{"title":"Characterizing Sliding Surfaces of Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"L. Jaulin, F. L. Bars","doi":"10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.9","url":null,"abstract":"When implementing a non-continuous controller for a cyber-physical system, it may happen that the evolution function of the closed-loop system is not anymore piecewise continuous along the trajectory, mainly due to if statements inside the control algorithm. As a consequence, an unwanted chattering effect may occur. This behavior is often difficult to observe even in simulation. We propose here a set-membership method based on interval analysis to detect different types of discontinuities. One of them is the sliding surface where the state trajectory jumps indefinitely between two distinct behaviors. As an application, we consider the validation of a sailboat controller. We show that our approach is able to detect and explain some unwanted sliding effects that may be observed in rare and specific situations on our actual sailboat robots.","PeriodicalId":187125,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cybern.","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134032453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta Cybern.Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.14232/ACTACYB.24.3.2020.4
J. Pryce, N. Nedialkov
{"title":"Another Multibody Dynamics in Natural Coordinates through Automatic Differentiation and High-Index DAE Solving","authors":"J. Pryce, N. Nedialkov","doi":"10.14232/ACTACYB.24.3.2020.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/ACTACYB.24.3.2020.4","url":null,"abstract":"The Natural Coordinates (NCs) method for Lagrangian modelling and simulation of multi-body systems is valued for giving simple, sparse models. We describe our version of it (NPNCs) and compare with the classical ap- proach of Jalon and Bayo (JBNCs). NPNCs use the high-index differential- algebraic equation solver DAETS. Algorithmic differentiation, not symbolic algebra, forms the equations of motion from the Lagrangian. NPNCs give significantly smaller equation systems than JBNCs, at the cost of a non- constant mass matrix for fully 3D models—a minor downside in the DAETS context. A 2D and a 3D example are presented, with numerical results.","PeriodicalId":187125,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cybern.","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125942108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta Cybern.Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.3
W. Luther, E. Auer, B. Weyers
{"title":"Reliable Visual Analytics, a Prerequisite for Outcome Assessment of Engineering Systems","authors":"W. Luther, E. Auer, B. Weyers","doi":"10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.3","url":null,"abstract":"Various evaluation approaches exist for multi-purpose visual analytics (VA) frameworks. They are based on empirical studies in information visualization or on community activities, for example, VA Science and Technology Challenge (2006-2014) created as a community evaluation resource to “decide upon the right metrics to use, and the appropriate implementation of those metrics including datasets and evaluators” 1 . In this paper, we propose to use evaluated VA environments for computer-based processes or systems with the main goal of aligning user plans, system models and software results. For this purpose, trust in VA outcome should be established, which can be done by following the (meta-)design principles of a human-centered verification and validation assessment and also in dependence on users’ task models and interaction styles, since the possibility to work with the visualization interactively is an integral part of VA. To define reliable VA, we point out various dimensions of reliability along with their quality criteria, requirements, attributes and metrics. Several software packages are used to illustrate the concepts.","PeriodicalId":187125,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cybern.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115662276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta Cybern.Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.2
E. Moggi, Walid M. Taha, J. Thunberg
{"title":"Sound Over-Approximation of Probabilities","authors":"E. Moggi, Walid M. Taha, J. Thunberg","doi":"10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.2","url":null,"abstract":"Safety analysis of high confidence systems requires guaranteed bounds on the probabilities of events of interest. Establishing the correctness of algorithms that aim to compute such bounds is challenging. We address this problem in three steps. First, we use monadic transition systems (MTS) in the category of sets as a framework for modeling discrete time systems. MTS can capture different types of system behaviors, but we focus on a combination of non-deterministic and probabilistic behaviors that often arises when modeling complex systems. Second, we use the category of posets and monotonic maps as a setting to define and compare approximations. In particular, for the MTS of interest, we consider approximations of their configurations based on complete lattices. Third, by restricting to finite lattices, we obtain algorithms that compute over-approximations, i.e., bounds from above within some partial order of approximants, of the system configuration after n steps. Interestingly, finite lattices of “interval probabilities” may fail to accurately approximate configurations that are both non-deterministic and probabilistic, even for deterministic (and continuous) system dynamics. However, better choices of finite lattices are available.","PeriodicalId":187125,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cybern.","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131802610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta Cybern.Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.7
G. Kostin
{"title":"Verified Solution to Optimal Control Problems of Elastic Rod Motion Based on the Ritz Method","authors":"G. Kostin","doi":"10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.7","url":null,"abstract":"To model vibrations in flexible structures, a variational formulation of PDE control problems is considered in the frame of the method of integrodifferential relations. This approach allows to estimate a posteriori the quality of finite-dimensional approximations and, as a result, either to refine or coarsen them if necessary. Such estimates also make it possible to correct the input signals. The related control law is regularized via a quadratic cost functional including the discrepancy of the constitutive equations. Procedures for solving optimization problems in dynamics of linear elasticity have been developed based on the Ritz method and FEM. The verification of optimized control for elastic rod motion involves the local and integral error estimates proposed. A FEM solver for mechanical systems with varying distributed parameters and linear boundary conditions of different kinds is presented.","PeriodicalId":187125,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cybern.","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130011843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta Cybern.Pub Date : 2020-03-16DOI: 10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.5
K. John, A. Rauh, M. Bruschewski, S. Grundmann
{"title":"Towards Analyzing the Influence of Measurement Errors in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Fluid Flows","authors":"K. John, A. Rauh, M. Bruschewski, S. Grundmann","doi":"10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.24.3.2020.5","url":null,"abstract":"Magnet resonance imaging does not only have a large number of applications in the field of medical examinations. In addition, several promising applications were also reported for the measurement of technical fluid flows and for the measurement of temperature fields in technical devices which do not allow for a classical access by either arrays of flow meters on the one hand or by arrays of temperature sensors such as thermocouples on the other hand. Due to the fact that magnet resonance imaging can be performed in a non-invasive manner, it has the advantage to provide relevant data without disturbing the velocity and temperature fields by external sensor devices. Moreover, measurement information can also be obtained for scenarios in which a direct access to the media under investigation is hardly possible due to constructive limitations. To make this kind of measurement applicable also for dynamic scenarios, not only the spatial resolution but also the temporal one needs to be sufficiently accurate. If the temporal resolution is of interest, an acceleration of the measurement process becomes possible by compressed sensing techniques which make use of an undersampling of the so-called $k$-space. However, such compressed sensing approaches require a reconstruction of the original fields of the physical variables to be measured. In this paper, it is shown how interval arithmetic approaches can be employed to solve the necessary optimality criteria for the fluid velocity reconstruction under the assumption of bounded measurement errors.","PeriodicalId":187125,"journal":{"name":"Acta Cybern.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126204129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}