Microbial drug resistance最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of Carbapenemase-Producing <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> at Secondary Care Hospital in Bolu, Turkey.","authors":"Zuhal Kalaycı Çekin, Elif Seren Tanrıverdi, Barış Otlu","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2024.0067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global increase in carbapenem resistance poses a significant public health threat due to the potential emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and limited treatment options. To learn more about this issue and offer potential solutions, we conducted a study of carbapenem-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (CRPA) infections in a secondary care hospital setting. The study utilized the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM), a leading phenotypic analysis, to determine carbapenemase activity in 63 CRPA isolates. Additionally, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was conducted to test for the presence of carbapenemase genes associated with the production or expression of various carbapenemase enzymes, including <i>bla</i>_KPC, <i>bla</i>_NDM, <i>bla</i>_VIM, <i>bla</i>_OXA-48, <i>bla</i>_IMP, and <i>bla</i>_GES. Arbitrary primed PCR (AP-PCR) was performed to assess the clonal relationship between different isolates. The isolates were also classified as either health care-associated infections or community-acquired infections, and their clonal relationship and gene positivity were evaluated. A total of 63 CRPA samples underwent evaluation, with 14 isolates determined to be carbapenemase producers via CIM tests. PCR assays revealed that 14 isolates carried carbapenemase genes, with 9 carrying <i>bla</i>_NDM, 2 carrying <i>bla</i>_GES, 2 carrying <i>bla</i>_VIM, and 1 carrying <i>bla</i>_IMP. CRPA exhibited a 22% prevalence of carbapenemase genes, of which 64% were attributed to the NDM gene responsible for multidrug resistance. AP-PCR revealed high clonal diversity among the isolates. Molecular epidemiological evaluation also showed no dominant outbreak strain among PA isolates. This study presents significant data on the prevalence and distribution of carbapenemase-producing CRPA strains isolated from secondary health care facilities. Typically, the literature focuses on resistance rates in tertiary care public hospitals. These findings may aid in understanding resistance and its mechanisms, as well as in developing effective treatment strategies and infection control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":"30 11","pages":"450-457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterobacterales Producing ESBLs and AmpC in Fresh Vegetables from Tebessa City, Algeria.","authors":"Amel Amra, Manel Debabza, Raoudha Dziri, Abdelbasset Mechai, Hadda Imene Ouzari, Naouel Klibi","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0042","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the contamination levels of fresh products by ESBLs-producing Enterobacterales (ESBLs-E) or AmpC-producing Enterobacterales and characterize ESBLs genes. A total of 132 samples (67 vegetables and 65 fruits) were collected from markets in Tebessa, eastern Algeria. Among the samples, 16 third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales isolates were identified with a prevalence of 19.40% in vegetable samples, while there was no positive finding in fruit samples. Isolates showed resistance to most β-lactams, and all of them displayed multidrug resistance. Phenotypic tests for ESBLs detection, using double-disk synergy test and double-disk test were positive for 14 strains, including <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i> = 5), <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> (<i>n</i> = 4), <i>Klebsiella terrigena</i> (<i>n</i> = 2), <i>Kluyvera</i> spp. (<i>n</i> = 2), and <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). Two AmpC-producing strains (<i>Citrobacter freundii</i> and <i>E. cloacae</i>) were identified through the AmpC disk test. Contamination rates of vegetables by ESBLs-E and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales were 19.40% and 2.98%, respectively. PCR results showed the presence of at least one ESBL gene in seven selected strains, with the dominance of <i>bla</i>_CTX-M gene. Notably, <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains showed the co-occurrence of two or three genes. Sequencing identified uncommon variants of ESBLs genes for the first time in Algeria, including <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-79 (2/7), <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-107 (2/7), <i>bla</i>_CTX-M-117 (2/7), <i>bla</i>_TEM-112 (1/7), <i>bla</i>_TEM-125 (2/7), <i>bla</i>_TEM-194 (1/7), and <i>bla</i>_SHV-176 (3/7).</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"458-467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian Pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated in Poultry Farms in Bangladesh that Use Antibiotics Extensively.","authors":"Badrul Hasan, Md Zulfekar Ali, Grant Rawlin","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) is causing economic losses to the global poultry industry. Increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance in APEC is the leading cause for increased indiscriminate use of various antimicrobial compounds in farms. The study aimed to investigate the presence of phenotypic and genotypic markers for antibiotic resistance, metals, and biocides in APEC from Bangladeshi poultry and details about the antimicrobials used in poultry farms. In total, 55 APEC were isolated from hearts or liver samples of 86 sick or dead chickens using culture on agar plate and biochemical testing. APEC isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. A series of PCRs was performed to screen the presence of genes for quinolones, colistin, aminoglycosides, ESBL, metals, and biocides. Detailed information regarding antibiotic use was collected from farmers during clinical investigations. Resistance was found to 10 antibiotics and prevalence was as follows: ampicillin (86%), ciprofloxacin (86%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (73%), chloramphenicol (33%), mecillinam (13%), gentamicin (11%), cefoxitin (11%), cefotaxime (9%), tigecycline (2%), and nitrofurantoin (2%). The most common multiresistance phenotype was CIP-AMP-SXT, and 35% of isolates were multidrug resistant. Genotypic analysis confirmed the presence of quinolone resistance genes [<i>qnrS1</i> and <i>aac-(6')-lb-cr</i>], silver-resistant genes (<i>silE</i>), and mercury-resistant genes (<i>merA</i>) but not others. In total, 88% farmers were using different antimicrobial compounds, and, of them, 56% were using antimicrobials without prescriptions from veterinarians. Ciprofloxacin was most extensively used followed by oxytetracycline. Critically important antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, colistin, and gentamicin are extensively used in the farms. This study confirmed the presence of antibiotics, metals, and biocide-resistant APEC in poultry farms in Bangladesh. Increased resistance to quinolones is a serious ongoing problem. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farms is alarming and should be stopped.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"468-475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Pharmacokinetics and Bone Penetration of Novel Broad-Spectrum Anti-MRSA Agent Levonadifloxacin in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Rajesh Chavan, Vineet Zope, Avinash Karade, Manohar Nandanwar, Sachin Bhagwat","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0118","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Levonadifloxacin (IV) and alalevonadifloxacin (oral) are novel broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) agents based on novel benzoquinolizine core. Both are recently approved in India for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, including diabetic foot infections and concurrent bacteremia. The present investigation reports the findings from preclinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies that support the development of levonadifloxacin as a treatment option for bone and joint infections (BJIs). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PK profiles of levonadifloxacin were obtained in serum, and/or various anatomical segments of femoral bone such as whole bone (WB), hard bone (HB), and bone marrow (BM) following subcutaneous administration of levonadifloxacin single doses at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, as well as multiple doses at 200 mg/kg (BID (two times a day), 6 hours apart) for 5 days in Wistar rats. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The distribution of levonadifloxacin in bone was rapid, and the extent of distribution (B/S ratio; bone-to-serum area under the concentration-time curve ratio) was nearly comparable across bone segments. In single-dosage PK studies, the mean B/S ratio in WB, HB, and BM was 0.40, 0.33, and 0.34, respectively; however, in 5 days' repeated dose studies, it increased to 1.01, 1.14, and 0.61, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> On the basis of bone PK data in Wistar rat and ever-growing clinical experience in terms of safety and efficacy, levonadifloxacin has the potential to offer a well-differentiated therapy for the treatment of BJIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"443-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Colistin HiMIC Plate Kit for Colistin Susceptibility Testing of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.","authors":"Lucija Kanižaj, Ivana Mareković, Tomislav Kuliš, Ana Budimir","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0141","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colistin HiMIC Plate Kit (HiMedia Laboratories), a new commercial broth microdilution (BMD) test for colistin susceptibility testing was evaluated. BMD according to ISO standard 20776-1 (2019) with two-fold dilutions from 128 to 0.125 mg/L was used as a reference method. The colistin reference MICs (minimal inhibitory concentration) ranged from 0,25 to 128 mg/L with 15 (20.5%; 15/73) isolates having colistin reference MICs close to the current EUCAST breakpoint (MICs of 2, 4, and 8 mg/L). The study assessed the compliance of a commercial kit with the CLSI criteria, including categorical agreement (CA) and essential agreement (EA ≥90%), very major error (VME rate) <3%, and major error (ME) rate <3%. On 73 carbapenemase-producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates Colistin HiMIC^TM Plate Kit showed CA and EA of 100% (73/73; 95% CI: 0.97-1.00) and 82.2% (60/73; 95% CI: 0.72-0.90), respectively. No ME (false-resistant results) and VME (false-susceptible results) were detected. Kit showed acceptable CA, ME, and VME error parameters, whereas the EA did not meet the ≥90% threshold. Laboratories must check for possible limitations of commercial kits before they can be used for colistin susceptibility testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"476-479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorimetric Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays Accurately Detect <i>bla</i>_OXA-23-like and <i>ISAba1</i> Genes from <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> in Pure Cultures and Spiked Human Sera.","authors":"Mark B Carascal, Raul V Destura, Windell L Rivera","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0075","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem resistance in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is a critical global health threat attributed to transferrable carbapenemase genes. Carbapenemase genotyping using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) presents a challenge in resource-limited settings because of its technical requirements. This study designed new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primers using multiple sequence alignment-based workflows, validated the primer performance against multiple target variants <i>in silico</i>, and developed novel LAMP assays (LAntRN-OXA23 and LAntRN-ISAba1) to detect the transferable <i>bla</i>_OXA-23-like carbapenemase genes and <i>ISAba1</i> elements in pure cultures and <i>A. baumannii</i>-spiked serum samples. The designed LAMP primers bind to the conserved regions of their highly polymorphic targets, with their <i>in silico</i> performance comparable with other published primers. The <i>in vitro</i> LAMP assays (using 30 PCR-profiled <i>A. baumannii</i> and 10 standard multidrug-resistant gram-negative isolates) have 100% concordance with the PCR-positive clinical samples, limits of detection as low as 1 pg/µL (200 copies/µL), and specificities of 57.89-100%. Both assays produced positive results when testing DNA samples (extracted using a commercial kit) from <i>bla</i>_OXA-23-like and <i>ISAba1-bla</i>_OXA-51-like PCR-positive <i>A. baumannii</i>-spiked normal human sera (five set-ups per target). In summary, the LAMP assays accurately detected the target genes and have applications in infection management, control, and point-of-care testing in resource-limited healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"432-441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Chromosomally Located Metallo-<i>β</i>-Lactamase Genes <i>bla</i>_IMP-45 and <i>bla</i>_VIM-2 in a Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Clinical Isolate.","authors":"Wei Ma, Jie Guo, Changzi Deng, Xiaochun Huang, Yukai Sun, Li Xu, Qin Qin","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0059","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> Characterization of the multidrug resistance (MDR) region in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strain PA59 revealed the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, including <i>bla</i>_IMP-45 and <i>bla</i>_VIM-2, within a complex genetic landscape of mobile genetic elements. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Carbapenem-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (CRPA) strains were isolated from Shanghai Changhai Hospital. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the <i>β</i>-lactamase genes in the isolated strains. Strains carrying two or more genes were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and in-depth bioinformatics analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 94 CRPA strains were isolated, among which PA59 was determined to carry <i>bla</i>_IMP-45 and <i>bla</i>_VIM-2 genes. Compared with single-gene positive or other <i>bla</i>_IMP and <i>bla</i>_VIM dual-gene positive strains reported, PA59 exhibited a broader range of drug resistance. We discovered a multidrug resistant (MDR)-related region composed of various mobile elements in the PA59 chromosome. This region carried many resistance genes, including the target genes <i>bla</i>_IMP-45 and <i>bla</i>_VIM-2. By further comparing the mobile elements GI13 and Ph08, we speculated that this integron structure carrying <i>bla</i>_IMP-45 and <i>bla</i>_VIM-2 was initially integrated into the genomic island or prophage, forming a more complex genetic structure, and then further integrated into the PA59 chromosome through plasmids. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed limited sequence similarity between PA59 and other CRPA strains. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study identified PA59 as the first reported <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strain carrying both <i>bla</i>_IMP-45 and <i>bla</i>_VIM-2 on the chromosome. The assembly and annotation of the PA59 genome provide valuable insights into the genomic diversity and gene content of this clinically important pathogen, aiding the development of effective strategies against antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"422-431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142133194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of <i>bla</i>_OXA-116 Carbapenemase in <i>Escherichia coli</i> ST2519 of Clinical Origin: A Report from Northeast India.","authors":"Bhaskar Jyoti Das, K Melson Singha, Jayalaxmi Wangkheimayum, Debadatta Dhar Chanda, Amitabha Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0022","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> pose a significant threat to global public health due to the dearth of available treatment options, resulting in infections with high mortality and morbidity. The study aimed to investigate the mechanism of carbapenem resistance in a carbapenem non-susceptible <i>E. coli</i> isolate recovered from an urinary tract infection patient admitted to a tertiary referral hospital, through whole-genome sequencing using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Carbapenemase production followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Polymerase chain reaction targeting carbapenemase genes was performed followed by an investigation of horizontal transferability. The Center for Genomic Epidemiology database was used to analyze the sequenced data. ST2519 <i>E. coli</i> BJD_EC1808 with a genome size of 5.8 Mb harbored Col440I plasmid and a chromosomally located <i>bla</i>_OXA-116 gene with an IS18 element upstream, along with multiple antibiotic resistance genes conferring clinical resistance toward beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, amphenicols, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, rifampin, macrolide, and streptogramin antibiotics and antiseptics. <i>E. coli</i> ST2519 harboring <i>bla</i>_OXA-116 associated with a mobile genetic element exhibiting carbapenem resistance is a public health threat due to its limiting effect on the therapeutic usage of carbapenem and their dissemination into carbapenem non-susceptible phenotypes will contribute to carbapenem resistance burden and, therefore, warrants urgent monitoring and clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"399-406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Disinfectants Resistance Genes and the Susceptibility to Common Disinfectants of Extensively Drug-Resistant Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Strains at a Tertiary Hospital in China.","authors":"Kexin Zhao, Liang Wang, Jinglan Deng, Qiuxia Zuo, Maimaiti Adila, Xiao Wang, Zhe Dai, Ping Tian","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0089","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) infection has become a significant threat to global health. The application of chemical disinfectants is an effective infection control strategy to prevent the spread of CRKP in hospital environments. However, bacteria have shown reduced sensitivity to clinical disinfectants in recent years. Furthermore, bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance due to the induction of disinfectants, posing a considerable challenge to hospital infection prevention and control. This study collected 68 CRKP strains from the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University in China from 2023 to 2024. These strains were isolated from the sputum, urine, and whole blood samples of patients diagnosed with CRKP infection. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on CRKP strains. Concurrently, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of disinfectants (benzalkonium bromide, 1% iodophor disinfectant, alcohol, and chlorine-containing disinfectant) against the test isolates were determined by the broth microdilution method. The efflux pump genes (cepA, qacE, qacEΔ1, qacEΔ1-SUL1, oqxA, and oqxB) were detected using polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that 21 out of the 68 CRKP strains exhibited extensive drug resistance, whereas 47 were nonextensively drug-resistant. The MIC value for benzalkonium bromide disinfectants displayed statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and non-XDR strains. Additionally, the MBC values for benzalkonium bromide disinfectants and 1% iodophor disinfectants displayed statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between XDR and non-XDR strains. The detection rates for the efflux pump genes were as follows: cepA 52.9%, qacE 39.7%, qacEΔ1 35.2%, qacEΔ1-SUL1 52.9%, oqxA 30.8%, and oqxB 32.3%. The detection rate of the qacEΔ1-SUL1 gene in XDR CRKP strains was significantly higher than in non-XDR CRKP strains (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This indicates a potential link between CRKP bacterial disinfectant efflux pump genes and CRKP bacterial resistance patterns. Ongoing monitoring of the declining sensitivity of XDR strains against disinfectants is essential for the effective control and prevention of superbug.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"407-414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Antimicrobial Resistance and Bacterial Epidemiology of <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> from Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A 5-Year Study at a Tertiary Hospital of Southwest China.","authors":"Ling Ai, Chanjuan Zhou, Beizhong Liu, Liang Fang, Fang Gong","doi":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0064","DOIUrl":"10.1089/mdr.2024.0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> infections in pediatric patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The epidemiological features and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of <i>M. catarrhalis</i> were compared between the pre-pandemic period (2018-2019) and during the pandemic (2020-2022). The results revealed a marked increase in the positivity rate of <i>M. catarrhalis</i> in 2020 and 2021 compared with the pre-pandemic years. The median age of the patients increased significantly in 2021 and 2022, while the proportion of male patients decreased substantially from 2019 to 2021. In addition, there were notable changes in the co-infections of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The AMR profile of <i>M. catarrhalis</i> also changed significantly, showing increased resistance to ampicillin, but decreased resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin, and a lower proportion of multidrug-resistant isolates. Notably, ampicillin resistance increased among <i>β</i>-lactamase-producing isolates. Before the pandemic, the number and detection rate of isolates, along with resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, were seasonally distributed, peaking in autumn and winter. However, coinciding with local COVID-19 outbreaks, these indices sharply fell in February 2020, and the number of isolates did not recover during the autumn and winter of 2022. These findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the infection landscape of <i>M. catarrhalis</i> in pediatric CAP patients, as evidenced by shifts in the detection rate, demographic characteristics, respiratory co-infections, AMR profiles, and seasonal patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"415-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}