Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle最新文献

{"title":"Abstract Proceedings of 7th Cancer Cachexia Conference, 28-30 September 2023, Edinburgh.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13325","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 Suppl 1 ","pages":"3-59"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10518434/pdf/JCSM-14-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41096401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on ‘Effects of Vivifrail multicomponent intervention on functional capacity: A multicentre randomized controlled trial’ by Casas-Herrero et al.","authors":"Jin Yan,&nbsp;Tianyi Zhang,&nbsp;Yixin Hu","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13296","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We read with great interest the recent article by Álvaro Casas-Herrero et al. entitled ‘Effects of Vivifrail multicomponent intervention on functional capacity: a multicentre, randomized controlled trial’.<span>¹</span> The article validated that the Vivifrail multicomponent exercise training programme is an effective and safe intervention for improving functional capacity in community dwelling frail/prefrail older patients with MCI or mild dementia, which provides strong evidence for the validation of physical intervention. However, here are some questions I would like to discuss with the authors.</p><p>The first question is about the missing data: The dropout rate was as high as 37% in general, especially 48% in the intervention group at the end of the third month. It is not a low level for a randomized controlled trial especially under such a small sample size. In clinical research, missing data often result in biased results and may even completely reverse the research conclusion.<span>²</span> Therefore, I wonder whether this effect had been taken into account in data processing? Tipping-point<span>³</span> would be recommended to test the effect of missing data. If it had been used in this study, will the result be reversed at a certain level?</p><p>Secondly, as more patients discontinued the study in the intervention group compared with the control group, could you please describe the reasons in detail? If the exercise programme itself is difficult for the old, will the promotion be restricted in the future?</p><p>Lastly, is there any differences in the characteristics of missing patients between the control group and the intervention group? It is possible that those who can persist 3 months in the intervention group already have better functional capacity. So the significance of intervention observed in the study might partly resulted from the follow-up bias. Especially on the premise of the small sample and high rate of dropouts, the consistency of results might be affected.</p><p>In summary, it is hoped that the above-mentioned issues can be pondered in favour of consolidating the findings of Álvaro Casas-Herrero et al. and can better guide clinical decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2454"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10476951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevotella copri alleviates sarcopenia via attenuating muscle mass loss and function decline","authors":"Xiaolei Liu,&nbsp;Jiqiu Wu,&nbsp;Jingyi Tang,&nbsp;Zhigang Xu,&nbsp;Bailing Zhou,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Fengjuan Hu,&nbsp;Gongchang Zhang,&nbsp;Rui Cheng,&nbsp;Xin Xia,&nbsp;Yilong Chen,&nbsp;Hongyu Wu,&nbsp;Daoming Wang,&nbsp;Jirong Yue,&nbsp;Biao Dong,&nbsp;Jingyuan Fu,&nbsp;Haopeng Yu,&nbsp;Birong Dong","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13313","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13313","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The gut microbiome and fecal metabolites have been found to influence sarcopenia, but whether there are potential bacteria that can alleviate sarcopenia has been under-investigated, and the molecular mechanism remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the relationships between the gut microbiome, fecal metabolites and sarcopenia, subjects were selected from observational multi-ethnic study conducted in Western China. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2014. The gut microbiome was profiled by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed to analyse the differences in fecal metabolites. We investigated bacterium with the greatest relative abundance difference between healthy individuals and sarcopenia patients, and the differences in metabolites associated with the bacteria, to verify its effects on muscle mass and function in a mouse model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 283 participants (68.90% females, mean age: 66.66 years old) with and without sarcopenia (141 and 142 participants, respectively) and from the Han (98 participants), Zang (88 participants) and Qiang (97 participants) ethnic groups. This showed an overall reduction (15.03% vs. 20.77%, <i>P</i> = 0.01) of <i>Prevotella copri</i> between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia subjects across the three ethnic groups. Functional characterization of the differential bacteria showed enrichment (odds ratio = 15.97, <i>P</i> = 0.0068) in branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in non-sarcopenia group. A total of 13 BCAA and their derivatives have relatively low levels in sarcopenia. In the in vivo experiment, we found that the blood BCAA level was higher in the mice gavaged with live <i>P. copri</i> (LPC) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The LPC mice had significantly longer wire and grid hanging time (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.02), longer time on rotor (<i>P</i> = 0.0001) and larger grip strength (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001), indicating better muscle function. The weight of gastrocnemius mass and rectus femoris mass (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) was higher in LPC mice. The micro-computed tomography showed a larger leg area (<i>P</i> = 0.0031), and a small animal analyser showed a higher lean mass ratio in LPC mice (<i>P</i> = 0.0157), indicating higher muscle mass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicated that there were lower levels of both <i>P. copri</i> and BCAA in sarcopenia individuals. In viv","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2275-2288"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10565657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic role of radiomics-based body composition analysis for the 1-year survival for hepatocellular carcinoma patients","authors":"Sylvia Saalfeld,&nbsp;Robert Kreher,&nbsp;Georg Hille,&nbsp;Uli Niemann,&nbsp;Mattes Hinnerichs,&nbsp;Osman Öcal,&nbsp;Kerstin Schütte,&nbsp;Christoph J. Zech,&nbsp;Christian Loewe,&nbsp;Otto van Delden,&nbsp;Vincent Vandecaveye,&nbsp;Chris Verslype,&nbsp;Bernhard Gebauer,&nbsp;Christian Sengel,&nbsp;Irene Bargellini,&nbsp;Roberto Iezzi,&nbsp;Thomas Berg,&nbsp;Heinz J. Klümpen,&nbsp;Julia Benckert,&nbsp;Antonio Gasbarrini,&nbsp;Holger Amthauer,&nbsp;Bruno Sangro,&nbsp;Peter Malfertheiner,&nbsp;Bernhard Preim,&nbsp;Jens Ricke,&nbsp;Max Seidensticker,&nbsp;Maciej Pech,&nbsp;Alexey Surov","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13315","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13315","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parameters of body composition have prognostic potential in patients with oncologic diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyse the prognostic potential of radiomics-based parameters of the skeletal musculature and adipose tissues in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Radiomics features were extracted from a cohort of 297 HCC patients as post hoc sub-study of the SORAMIC randomized controlled trial. Patients were treated with selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in combination with sorafenib or with sorafenib alone yielding two groups: (1) sorafenib monotherapy (<i>n</i> = 147) and (2) sorafenib and SIRT (<i>n</i> = 150). The main outcome was 1-year survival. Segmentation of muscle tissue and adipose tissue was used to retrieve 881 features. Correlation analysis and feature cleansing yielded 292 features for each patient group and each tissue type. We combined 9 feature selection methods with 10 feature set compositions to build 90 feature sets. We used 11 classifiers to build 990 models. We subdivided the patient groups into a train and validation cohort and a test cohort, that is, one third of the patient groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used the train and validation set to identify the best feature selection and classification model and applied it to the test set for each patient group. Classification yields for patients who underwent sorafenib monotherapy an accuracy of 75.51% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7576 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6376–0.8776). For patients who underwent treatment with SIRT and sorafenib, results are accuracy = 78.00% and AUC = 0.8032 (95% CI: 0.6930–0.9134).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parameters of radiomics-based analysis of the skeletal musculature and adipose tissue predict 1-year survival in patients with advanced HCC. The prognostic value of radiomics-based parameters was higher in patients who were treated with SIRT and sorafenib.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2301-2309"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10021294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty and heart failure: State-of-the-art review","authors":"Khawaja M. Talha,&nbsp;Ambarish Pandey,&nbsp;Marat Fudim,&nbsp;Javed Butler,&nbsp;Stefan D. Anker,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahzeb Khan","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13306","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At least half of all patients with heart failure (HF) are affected by frailty, a syndrome that limits an individual ability to recover from acute stressors. While frailty affects up to 90% of patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, it is also seen in ~30–60% of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, with ~26% higher prevalence in women compared with men. The relationship between frailty and HF is bidirectional, with both conditions exacerbating the other. Frailty is further complicated by a higher prevalence of sarcopenia (by ~20%) in HF patients compared with patients without HF, which negatively affects outcomes. Several frailty assessment methods have been employed historically including the Fried frailty phenotype and Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale to classify HF patients based on the severity of frailty; however, a validated HF-specific frailty assessment tool does not currently exist. Frailty in HF is associated with a poor prognosis with a 1.5-fold to 2-fold higher risk of all-cause death and hospitalizations compared to non-frail patients. Frailty is also highly prevalent in patients with worsening HF, affecting &gt;50% of patients hospitalized for HF. Such patients with multiple readmissions for decompensated HF have markedly poor outcomes compared to younger, non-frail cohorts, and it is hypothesized that it may be due to major physical and functional limitations that limit recovery from an acute episode of worsening HF, a care aspect that has not been addressed in HF guidelines. Frail patients are thought to confer less benefit from therapeutic interventions due to an increased risk of perceived harm, resulting in lower adherence to HF interventions, which may worsen outcomes. Multiple studies report that &lt;40% of frail patients are on guideline-directed medical therapy for HF, of which most are on suboptimal doses of these medications. There is a lack of evidence generated from randomized trials in this incredibly vulnerable population, and most current practice is governed by post hoc analyses of trials, observational registry-based data and providers' clinical judgement. The current body of evidence suggests that the treatment effect of most guideline-based interventions, including medications, cardiac rehabilitation and device therapy, is consistent across all age groups and frailty subgroups and, in some cases, may be amplified in the older, more frail population. In this review, we discuss the characteristics, assessment tools, impact on prognosis and impact on therapeutic interventions of frailty in patients with HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"1959-1972"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10367805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel splice variant of the human MSTN gene encodes a myostatin-specific myostatin inhibitor","authors":"Kazuhiro Maeta,&nbsp;Manal Farea,&nbsp;Hisahide Nishio,&nbsp;Masafumi Matsuo","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13314","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13314","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Myostatin, encoded by the <i>MSTN</i> gene comprising 3 exons, is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. Although a variety of myostatin inhibitors have been invented for increasing muscle mass in muscle wasting diseases, no effective inhibitor is currently available for clinical use. Myostatin isoforms in several animals have been reported to inhibit myostatin, but an isoform has never been identified for the human <i>MSTN</i> gene, a conserved gene among animals. Here, a splice variant of the human <i>MSTN</i> gene was explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Transcripts and proteins were analysed by reverse transcription-PCR amplification and western blotting, respectively. Proteins were expressed from expression plasmid. Myostatin signalling was assayed by the SMAD-responsive luciferase activity. Cell proliferation was assayed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and cell counting. Cell cycle was analysed by the FastFUCCI system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reverse transcription-PCR amplification of the full-length <i>MSTN</i> transcript in CRL-2061 rhabdomyosarcoma cells revealed two bands consisting of a thick expected-size product and a thin additional small-size product. Sequencing of the small-size product showed a 963-bp deletion in the 5′ end of exon 3, creating exon 3s, which contained unusual splice acceptor TG dinucleotides. The novel variant was identified in other human cell lines, although it was not identified in skeletal muscle. The 251-amino acid isoform encoded by the novel variant (myostatin-b) was identified in CRL-2061 rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Transfection of a myostatin-b expression plasmid into CRL-2061 and myoblast cells inhibited endogenous myostatin signalling (44%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001 and 63%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, myostatin-b inhibited myostatin signalling induced by recombinant myostatin (68.8%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). In remarkable contrast, myostatin-b did not inhibit the myostatin signalling induced by recombinant growth differentiation factor 11 (9.2%, <i>P</i> = 0.70), transforming growth factor β (+3.1%, <i>P</i> = 0.83) or activin A (+1.1%, <i>P</i> = 0.96). These results indicate the myostatin-specific inhibitory effect of myostatin-b. Notably, the expression of myostatin-b in myoblasts significantly enhanced cell proliferation higher than the mock-transfected cells by the CCK-8 and direct cell counting assays (60%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05 and 39%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05, respectively). Myostatin-b increased the percentage of S-phase cells significantly higher than that of the mock-transfected cells (53","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2289-2300"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9997264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization and construct validity of approaches to preclinical grip strength testing","authors":"Gregory Owendoff,&nbsp;Alissa Ray,&nbsp;Prameela Bobbili,&nbsp;Leatha Clark,&nbsp;Cory W. Baumann,&nbsp;Brian C. Clark,&nbsp;W. David Arnold","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13300","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grip strength is a robust biomarker showing good reliability<span>^{1, 2}</span> and prediction of negative health outcomes.<span>^{3, 4}</span> Low grip strength is associated with disability and premature death<span>^5-9</span> and is more strongly associated with frailty than chronological age.<span>¹⁰</span> Accordingly, recent updates to consensus definitions of sarcopenia focus on low grip strength as the primary characteristic as opposed to low muscle mass.<span>^{11, 12}</span> Because rodent models are indispensable tools in aging research, scientists have reverse-translated grip testing as a key outcome in the context of sarcopenia.<span>^13-16</span> Serendipitous development of preclinical grip testing has resulted in a variety of protocols that have not been extensively examined and compared.<span>^{13-15, 17}</span> Variability, due to motivation, temperament, and other factors such as pain, is inherent in preclinical behavioural assessments.<span>¹⁸</span> Limited research has focused on standardizing preclinical grip testing, validation of methods against other functional measures, and investigating how preclinical grip data compare to data from humans and whether these tests even measure the same construct. Additionally, prior work has not examined between-day reliability of grip testing in rodents. This work was undertaken to inform rigorous preclinical grip testing.</p><p>Differences between clinical and preclinical grip must be considered when reverse translating methods to mice. Clinical grip testing is volitional whereas preclinical testing depends on reflexive responses. Prior clinical studies have consistently shown ICC ≥ 0.80 for repeated grip strength testing.<span>¹</span> No data is available regarding the reliability of grip strength methods in mouse models. One study tested grip strength across three successive trials at a single study timepoint (ICC ranging 0.363–0.803) but did not assess reliability across days.<span>²⁴</span> Our study showed that preclinical grip testing methods are less reliable compared to prior clinical studies. Based on CV, all limb grip testing was the most reliable method; based on ICC, bilateral hindlimb and forelimb grip testing were the most reliable methods. Thus, when choosing a method for grip assessment in aged mice where hindlimb assessment is critical, both all limb and bilateral hindlimb methods appear to be the best options for repeatability. Of note, how mice are grasped, tail or scruffing, was not assessed herein, but might impact results. Thus, further work is needed to better refine preclinical grip testing protocols.</p><p>The relationships between grip strength and indices of muscle mass were explored in a clinical cohort to compare these same relationships in mice. The age-related differences in grip strength noted in both our clinical and preclinical age comparisons were mor","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2439-2445"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10362177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired skeletal muscle health in Parkinsonian syndromes: clinical implications, mechanisms and potential treatments","authors":"Kate T. Murphy,&nbsp;Gordon S. Lynch","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13312","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13312","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is increasing evidence that neurodegenerative disorders including the Parkinsonian syndromes are associated with impaired skeletal muscle health, manifesting as wasting and weakness. Many of the movement problems, lack of muscle strength and reduction in quality of life that are characteristic of these syndromes can be attributed to impairments in skeletal muscle health, but this concept has been grossly understudied and represents an important area of unmet clinical need. This review describes the changes in skeletal muscle health in idiopathic Parkinson's disease and in two atypical Parkinsonian syndromes, the most aggressive synucleinopathy multiple system atrophy, and the tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy. The pathogenesis of the skeletal muscle changes is described, including the contribution of impairments to the central and peripheral nervous system and intrinsic alterations. Pharmacological interventions targeting the underlying molecular mechanisms with therapeutic potential to improve skeletal muscle health in affected patients are also discussed. Although little is known about the mechanisms underlying these conditions, current evidence implicates multiple pathways and processes, highlighting the likely need for combination therapies to protect muscle health and emphasizing the merit of personalized interventions for patients with different physical capacities at different stages of their disease. As muscle fatigue is often experienced by patients prior to diagnosis, the identification and measurement of this symptom and related biomarkers to identify early signs of disease require careful interrogation, especially for multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy where diagnosis is often made several years after onset of symptoms and only confirmed post-mortem. We propose a multidisciplinary approach for early diagnosis and implementation of personalized interventions to preserve muscle health and improve quality of life for patients with typical and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"1987-2002"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10044330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of a portable muscle ultrasound in the assessment of muscle alterations in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","authors":"Emma J. Verwaaijen,&nbsp;Annelienke M. van Hulst,&nbsp;Jeroen Molinger,&nbsp;Annelies Hartman,&nbsp;Rob Pieters,&nbsp;Martha A. Grootenhuis,&nbsp;Erica L.T. van den Akker,&nbsp;Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13305","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13305","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), children are prone to musculoskeletal deterioration. However, non-invasive tools to measure muscle mass and intramuscular alterations are limited. In this study we explored the feasibility of muscle ultrasound in children with ALL. Additionally, we analysed whether automated ultrasound outcomes of muscle size and intramuscular fat infiltration (IMAT) were associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), muscle strength and physical performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children with ALL, aged 3–18 years were included during maintenance therapy. Bilateral images of the rectus femoris muscle were captured using a portable linear array transducer connected to a tablet. Subsequently, an automated image annotation software (MuscleSound) was used to estimate cross-sectional area, muscle thickness and IMAT. Feasibility was assessed using acceptance (percentage of children approached who were enrolled), practicality (percentage of children that completed the ultrasound measurement after enrolment) and implementation (percentage of children that had sufficient imaging to be processed and analysed by the software). Assessments of ASMM by bioimpedance analysis, muscle strength using handheld dynamometry and timed physical performance tests were administered at the same visit. Multivariable linear models were estimated to study the associations between muscle ultrasound outcomes and ASMM, strength and physical performance, adjusted for sex, age, body mass index and ALL treatment week.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle ultrasound was performed in 60 out of 73 invited patients (76.9%), of which 37 were boys (61.7%), and median age was 6.1 years (range: 3–18.8 years). The acceptance was 98.7%, practicality 77.9% and implementation was 100%. Patients who refused the examination (<i>n</i> = 13) were younger (median: 3.6, range: 3–11.2 years) compared with the 60 examined children (<i>P</i> = 0.0009). In multivariable models, cross-sectional area was associated with ASMM (β = 0.49 <i>Z</i>-score, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.3,2.4), knee-extension strength (β = 16.9 Newton [N], 95% CI: 4.8, 28.9), walking performance (β = −0.46 s, 95% CI: −0.75, −0.18) and rising from the floor (β = −1.07 s, 95% CI: −1.71, −0.42). Muscle thickness was associated with ASMM (β = 0.14 <i>Z</i>-score, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.24), knee-extension strength (β = 4.73 N, 95% CI: 0.99, 8.47), walking performance (β = −0.13 s, 95% CI: −0.22, −0.04) and rising from the floor (β = −0.28 s, 95% CI: −0.48, −0.08). IMAT was associated with knee-extension stren","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2216-2225"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9973858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hispidin-enriched Sanghuangporus sanghuang mycelia SS-MN4 ameliorate disuse atrophy while improving muscle endurance","authors":"I-Chen Li,&nbsp;Ting-Yu Lu,&nbsp;Ting-Wei Lin,&nbsp;Andy Y. Chen,&nbsp;Hsin-Tung Chu,&nbsp;Yen-Lien Chen,&nbsp;Tsung-Ju Li,&nbsp;Chin-Chu Chen","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13307","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13307","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Disuse atrophy is a frequent cause of muscle atrophy, which can occur in individuals of any age who have been inactive for a prolonged period or immobilization. Additionally, acute diseases such as COVID-19 can cause frequent sequelae and exacerbate muscle wasting, leading to additional fatigue symptoms. It is necessary to investigate potent functional nutrients for muscle reinforcement in both disuse atrophy and fatigue to ensure better physical performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effects of <i>Sanghuangporus sanghuang</i> SS-MN4 mycelia were tested on two groups of 6-week-old male mice—one with disuse atrophy and the other with fatigue. The disuse atrophy group was divided into three sub-groups: a control group, a group that underwent hind limb casting for 7 days and then recovered for 7 days and a group that was administered with SS-MN4 orally for 14 days, underwent hind limb casting for 7 days and then recovered for 7 days. The fatigue group was divided into two sub-groups: a control group that received no SS-MN4 intervention and an experimental group that was administered with SS-MN4 orally for 39 days and tested for exhaustive swimming and running on Day 31 and Day 33, respectively. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and western blot analysis were conducted on C2C12 cell lines to identify the therapeutic effects of SS-MN4 treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a disuse atrophy model induced by hind limb casting, supplementing with 250 mg/kg of SS-MN4 for 14 days led to 111.2% gastrocnemius muscle mass recovery and an 89.1% improvement in motor function on a treadmill (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In a fatigue animal model, equivalent SS-MN4 dosage improved swimming (178.7%) and running (162.4%) activities (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and reduced blood urea nitrogen levels by 18% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). SS-MN4 treatment also increased liver and muscle glycogen storage by 34.36% and 55.6%, respectively, suggesting a higher energy reserve for exercise. RNA-seq and western blot studies from the C2C12 myotube showed that SS-MN4 extract upregulates Myh4 and helps sustain myotube integrity against dexamethasone damage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Supplementation of SS-MN4 (250-mg/kg body weight) with hispidin as active compound revealed a potential usage as a muscle nutritional supplement enhancing muscle recovery, fast-twitch fibre regrowth and fatigue resistance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2226-2238"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}