Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle最新文献

{"title":"Integrated Single‐Myofibre Multi‐Omics Correlates Inflammatory State to Myosin Energetics in ICU‐Acquired Weakness","authors":"Alexandra M. Winant, Roger Moreno‐Justicia, Lucia Paolini, Wout J. Claassen, Coen A. C. Ottenheijm, Atul S. Deshmukh, Stefano Cattaneo, Simone Piva, Nicola Latronico, Robert A. E. Seaborne, Julien Ochala","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70407","url":null,"abstract":"Background Skeletal muscle atrophy is a pervasive complication of critical illness that worsens survival and recovery, yet remains poorly explained by current clinical or molecular markers. Methods To directly connect disease‐associated molecular states to the contractile machinery, this study combined sequential functional, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of the same single human skeletal myofibres from critically ill patients in the intensive care unit with acquired weakness (ICU‐AW) and controls. This integrated approach provides a framework for validating molecular signals directly within the cellular and biomechanical context. Results Differential expression analyses between control and ICU‐AW myofibres show marked donor‐level heterogeneity, with no differentially expressed features (FDR < 0.05). Ranked gene set enrichment analyses revealed distinct transcriptional and proteomic signatures between conditions, as well as a subtle yet conserved myofibre state enriched in ICU‐AW, characterised by inflammatory and chemotactic gene programmes, intracellular structural remodelling and bioenergetic adaptation. Nineteen features were significantly (FDR < 0.05) altered at both RNA and protein levels from the same myofibre. Overall, these 19 overlapping features link an inflammatory transcriptional landscape to a proteomic shift toward mitochondrial and translational machinery, revealing a coordinated stress‐adaptation programme with selective post‐translational control in fibres from patients with ICU‐AW. Further integration with the functional dataset revealed fibres in this state displayed selectively disrupted myosin dynamics, evidenced by prolonged ATP turnover time of myosin heads in their super‐relaxed conformation, suggesting altered myosin energetics as a contributor to muscle dysfunction. Conclusions These findings define a discrete, disease‐associated myofibre state and validate a proof‐of‐concept integrative single‐fibre framework for connecting multi‐omic heterogeneity to molecular motor function in complex human disease. The identification of coordinated transcriptomic and proteomic programmes, validated through functional measurement, suggests that targeting this fibre state may offer new therapeutic opportunities in ICU‐acquired dysfunction and related muscle disorders.","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age‐ and Sex‐Specific Percentile Curves for the FM/FFM Ratio Using Data From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","authors":"Chris Kim, Claire E. Cook, Hailey R. Banack","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70399","url":null,"abstract":"Background Sarcopenic obesity is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality, particularly in older adults. Common measures of sarcopenic obesity consider obesity and sarcopenia independently, despite their potentially synergistic harmful effects. The fat mass to fat‐free mass ratio (FM/FFM) is an integrated measure of sarcopenic obesity that provides more useful information than measures that consider sarcopenia and obesity separately. The objectives of this study are to develop age‐ and sex‐specific FM/FFM percentile curves for older adults and describe age‐ and sex‐related patterns of FM/FFM percentiles. Methods Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) were used ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 28 791). FM/FFM was calculated as the ratio of total body fat mass (kg) to total body lean mass (kg) from dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Weighted age‐ and sex‐specific FM/FFM curves for the 1st, 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th and 99th percentiles were calculated using the LMS method. LMS provides a summary of the changing distribution of the measurement of interest by the three curves, lambda for the skewness (L), mu for the median (M) and sigma for the coefficient of variation (S). Weighted percentile curves were plotted with age (45–86 years) on the <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> ‐axis and FM/FFM on the <jats:italic>y</jats:italic> ‐axis for males and females, respectively. Results Mean age of the CLSA at baseline was 59.6 ± 10.2 years, and 47.4% were males. For men, FM/FFM percentiles appear to increase slowly with aging and then stabilise after age 70. For women, FM/FFM percentiles appear to start at a higher value and increase more rapidly with aging, stabilising but then showing a stronger downward trend than males after age 65. At the 50th percentile, the maximum FM/FFM value is 0.42 at age 86 years for males and 0.71 at age 68 years for females. Conclusions The present study highlights the important age‐ and sex‐related differences in FM/FFM percentiles in older adults. The FM/FFM curves could be used as a tool for identifying older adults with sarcopenic obesity and examining health risks associated with sarcopenic obesity.","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Perioperative Muscle Wasting Following Major Abdominal Surgery","authors":"A. Reynolds, N. M. George, A. Papadopoulou, B. Creagh‐Brown","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70379","url":null,"abstract":"Background Muscle wasting in the perioperative period is a frequent and clinically significant complication following major abdominal surgery and is associated with adverse outcomes, including increased postoperative complications, prolonged hospitalisation and worsened mortality. Despite its prevalence, the magnitude and course of perioperative muscle wasting (POMW) remain incompletely understood, and current interventions are limited. Current definitions applied to sarcopenia do not suitably apply to cohorts undergoing major abdominal surgery, and therefore, we propose the concept of POMW, defined as POMW within 6 weeks of surgery. These systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to assess the extent of POMW and synthesise evidence on its clinical impact and potential interventions. Methods The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from their inception to June 2025. Studies with preoperative and postoperative assessments of muscle wasting and/or function within 6 weeks of major abdominal surgery were included. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed with the Revised Cochrane model and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, where appropriate. Meta‐analysis was conducted using a random‐effects model, with standardised mean changes (SMCs) as effect size metrics. The primary outcome was change in skeletal muscle mass/size within 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively, and the secondary outcome was change in muscle strength. Results A systematic review identified 45 studies ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 5283 patients) evaluating perioperative changes in skeletal muscle mass/dimensions and/or function within 6 weeks of major abdominal surgery. A meta‐analysis of 17 studies ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 2213 patients) was conducted, and significant reductions in muscle mass/size were observed at ≤ 2 weeks (SMC = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.19–0.49) and 3–6 weeks postoperatively (SMC = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.24–0.54). Muscle strength, primarily assessed via handgrip dynamometry, also declined significantly (SMC = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.12–1.46). Heterogeneity was high but findings remained robust in sensitivity analyses. Functional impairments and greater muscle wasting were consistently associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Conclusions POMW is common, rapid in onset and clinically relevant. Current management strategies are inadequate. There is an urgent need for early identification, standardised monitoring and targeted interventions to prevent postoperative functional decline and improve surgical outcomes. PROSPERO Registration: CRD420250606177","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Electromyographic Characteristics of Lower Limb Muscles in Frail Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease: A Case–Control Study","authors":"Pingping Huang, Shiqi Chen, Linjing Wu, Jiahua Li, Rongxiang Zhang, Shufen Liu, Yuan Chen","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70387","url":null,"abstract":"Background Frailty predicts poor outcomes in older adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is closely related to neuromuscular dysfunction. Lower limb surface electromyography (sEMG) during walking may capture frailty‐related motor alterations, but its characteristics and discriminative value in older adults with CVD remain unclear. This study aimed to compare lower limb sEMG features between frail and nonfrail older adults with CVD and evaluate their ability to identify frailty. Methods This case–control study included 150 older adults with CVD (75 frail, 75 nonfrail; 80 men, 70 women). Frailty was defined using the Fried frailty phenotype. Wireless sEMG signals were recorded bilaterally from the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius during a standardized 10‐m walk test. Time‐domain parameters, frequency‐domain parameters, symmetry indices, contribution ratios and activation‐sequence rank were compared with false‐discovery‐rate correction. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to identify factors independently associated with frailty and evaluate discriminative performance. Results Frail participants were older (76.04 ± 7.57 vs. 68.55 ± 6.09 years), more frequently exposed to polypharmacy (93.33% vs 70.67%), required longer to complete the 10‐m walk test (13.34 ± 3.23 vs. 9.44 ± 1.21 s) and had lower Tinetti Performance‐Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) scores (21.51 ± 4.27 vs. 27.59 ± 0.92; all &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.001). The frail group showed higher median integrated EMG (IEMG) of the left semitendinosus (534.4 [451.3, 680.7] vs. 455.5 [384.5, 542.0] μV·s, FDR‐adjusted &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.0084) and higher activation‐sequence rank of the left rectus femoris (4.333 [3.000, 5.667] vs. 3.333 [2.333, 4.333], FDR‐adjusted &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.0404). In the frequency domain, median frequency (MF) was higher in the right rectus femoris, bilateral tibialis anterior and right medial gastrocnemius, whereas mean power frequency (MPF) was higher in six muscles (all FDR‐adjusted &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05). In multivariable analysis, MF of the right rectus femoris (OR = 1.067, 95% CI 1.003–1.135, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.038), MF of the right medial gastrocnemius (OR = 1.054, 95% CI 1.009–1.102, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.019), activation‐sequence rank of the right tibialis anterior (OR = 0.640, 95% CI 0.448–0.914, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.014), age (OR = 1.128, 95% CI 1.044–1.218, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.002) and Tinetti POMA score (OR = 0.784, 95% CI 0.669–0.918, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = 0.003) were independently associated with frailty. The sEMG + age model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8418 (sensitivity = 0.8933; specificity = 0.6400), approaching the full model including Tinetti POMA score (AUC = 0.8740; sensitivity = 0.9200; specificity = 0.7067). Conclusi","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Performance Moderates the Association Between Age and Executive Function in Older Adults at Elevated Risk of Dementia: Cross‐Sectional Analysis From the CITA GO‐ON Trial","authors":"Imanol Reparaz‐Escudero, Mikel Izquierdo, Mirian Ecay‐Torres, Miren Altuna, Carolina López, Ainara Estanga, Maite García‐Sebastián, María de Arriba, Naia Ros, Jon Saldias, Marina Limousin, Pablo Martínez‐Lage, Mikel L. Sáez de Asteasu","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70396","url":null,"abstract":"Background Preservation of executive function is vital for independence and dementia prevention, yet the physical performance levels at which age‐related executive vulnerability becomes detectable remain uncertain. This study examined whether gait speed, handgrip strength and leg muscle power influence the relationship between age and executive function in older adults at increased dementia risk and assessed how sex and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden affect this relationship. Methods Cross‐sectional analysis of 920 community‐dwelling older adults (aged 60–85) at high dementia risk, enrolled in the CITA GO‐ON trial. Executive function was measured by the Trail Making Test (TMT B minus A) and the Stroop interference score. Physical performance included gait speed, handgrip strength and peak leg muscle power. Moderation analyses tested whether physical performance moderated the age–executive function association, adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms, cardiometabolic conditions, BMI and smoking; three‐way interactions tested sex effects. The Johnson–Neyman technique identified regions of significance, the range of performance values over which the age–executive function association was statistically detectable. Sensitivity analyses included cognitively healthy participants and WMH adjustment. Results The average (SD) age was 69.5 (6.2) years; 48.4% were female, and average education was 13.0 (4.5) years. At baseline, 63 participants (6.8%) had mild cognitive impairment. Gait speed ( &lt;jats:italic&gt;β&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = −0.27, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05), handgrip strength ( &lt;jats:italic&gt;β&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = −0.08, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) and peak leg muscle power ( &lt;jats:italic&gt;β&lt;/jats:italic&gt; = −0.007, &lt;jats:italic&gt;p&lt;/jats:italic&gt; &lt; 0.05) moderated the age–executive function link. Johnson–Neyman regions‐of‐significance were located in the upper range of the performance distribution. For TMT B minus A, the age–executive function association was statistically detectable below gait speed 1.83 m/s, handgrip 48.8 kg and leg power 438 W (1.0%–4.8% of participants), whereas for Stroop interference the corresponding values were lower (gait 1.68 m/s, handgrip 43.9 kg, leg power 366 W; up to 15.9% of participants). In sex‐stratified analyses, gait speed moderated the age–executive function association for TMT B minus A in males and for Stroop interference in females. WMH burden was not independently associated with executive function. Conclusions In older adults at increased dementia risk, higher physical performance was associated with a weaker relationship between age and executive function, independent of socioeconomic, emotional, body composition and cardiovascular factors. This moderation was most consistent for gait speed, with a sex pattern that differed by outcome. Longitudinal studies are needed to test whether maintaining high physical performance helps preserve executive function and inform pr","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 5:2 Intermittent Fasting Regimen Ameliorates High‐Fat Diet‐Induced MASLD‐Associated Skeletal Muscle Impairment in Mice","authors":"Ruohua Wang, Rui Yang, Dan Hu, Tonghe Xin, ZiXin Yang, Yue Guan, Yucun Niu","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70398","url":null,"abstract":"Background Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disorder worldwide. Its pathogenesis is closely linked to high‐fat diets (HFDs) and is frequently accompanied by decreased skeletal muscle quality. Although intermittent fasting (IF) has been shown to effectively alleviate hepatic steatosis and inflammation, its impact on skeletal muscle quality remains unclear. Methods Eight‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups and fed a normal chow (NC) or 45% HFD for 14 weeks to induce MASLD. Subsequently, the MASLD model mice were subjected to a 5:2 intermittent fasting (IF5:2) regimen for 12 cycles (2 days of fasting per week, with ad libitum HFD feeding on the remaining 5 days). Grip strength, liver weight and quadriceps muscle mass were measured at sacrifice. Serum samples were collected for biochemical analysis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) measurement. Liver, skeletal muscle and intestinal tissues were harvested for histopathological examination. Faecal samples were analysed by metagenomic sequencing. The mRNA expression of bile acid receptors and inflammatory genes was detected by qRT‐PCR. Targeted free fatty acid profiling was performed in liver and skeletal muscle tissues. Results Compared with the continuous HFD group, the IF5:2 group showed no significant difference in cumulative energy intake but exhibited significantly reduced body weight, as well as alleviated hepatic steatosis and inflammation. IF5:2 significantly increased grip strength and skeletal muscle cross‐sectional area and markedly downregulated mRNA expression of inflammation‐related genes in muscle tissue. Regarding intestinal barrier function, the IF5:2 group displayed significantly higher mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction–related genes, a thicker colonic wall and lower serum LPS levels compared with the HFD group. Metagenomic analysis suggested that IF5:2 effectively remodelled HFD‐induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and significantly enriched beneficial bacteria including <jats:italic>Limosilactobacillus reuteri</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Faecalibaculum rodentium</jats:italic> , accompanied by significant upregulation of microbial secondary bile acid biosynthesis pathways. mRNA expression levels of bile acid receptors and their downstream regulatory genes in the intestine, liver and skeletal muscle were significantly elevated in the IF5:2 group. IF5:2 treatment significantly reduced free fatty acid levels in the liver and skeletal muscle, which were negatively correlated with the gene expression of bile acid‐related receptors in these two tissues. Conclusions Cyclic IF5:2 effectively ameliorates HFD‐induced MASLD and protects against skeletal muscle impairment. It represents a promising dietary intervention with dual beneficial effects on alleviating hepatic steatosis and maintaining skeletal muscle quality.","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual‐Tasking Exacerbates Force and Neural Control Unsteadiness in Older Adults With Sarcopenia","authors":"Lucas B. R. Orssatto, Brian C. Clark, David Scott, Hélio V. Cabral, Gabriel L. Fernandes, Robin M. Daly","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70397","url":null,"abstract":"Background Sarcopenia is associated with impaired physical function. Dual‐task conditions, which increase cognitive demand during motor performance, may reveal deficits in neuromuscular control that are not evident during isolated motor tasks. We investigated whether older adults with sarcopenia exhibit poorer force and neural control (i.e., greater force and motor unit inter‐spike variability and altered common synaptic input) during single‐ and dual‐task conditions compared with non‐sarcopenic controls and masters athletes. Methods Sarcopenia was defined using Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium criteria (low grip strength and slow gait). Participants (11 sarcopenic, 22 controls and 19 masters athletes; 74.3 ± 7.3 years; 50% female) performed sustained isometric ankle dorsiflexion contractions at 30% of maximal voluntary torque, without (single‐task) and with concurrent serial number subtraction (dual‐task). Motor unit spike trains were decomposed from high‐density surface electromyograms. Outcomes included torque and inter‐spike interval coefficient of variation (index of discharge regularity linked to torque steadiness) and intramuscular coherence: delta (1–5 Hz; low‐frequency common input related to force fluctuations), alpha (5–15 Hz; which may include tremor‐related, spinal and afferent contributions) and beta (15–35 Hz; commonly associated with corticospinal input) bands. Results Individuals with sarcopenia had higher torque coefficient of variation (worse steadiness) than controls in single‐ and dual‐task by 45% and 84% and athletes by 39% and 105%, respectively. In individuals with sarcopenia, coefficient of variation rose ~35% from single‐ to dual‐task. Mean discharge rate (a proxy of neural drive) increased ~2.6% during dual‐tasking in all groups, without between‐group differences. Inter‐spike interval coefficient of variation increased by 5.5% in sarcopenic, was unchanged in controls and decreased 4.1% in athletes. Delta‐band coherence decreased 5.5% across all groups, whereas alpha‐band coherence increased in sarcopenic only (20.6%). Beta‐band coherence increased 14.5% in sarcopenic but decreased 8.4% in controls and 13.3% in athletes. Conclusions Older adults with sarcopenia exhibit poorer force and neural control steadiness, and both deficits worsen under cognitive load. These changes are accompanied by alterations in common synaptic input, particularly increases in alpha and beta bands in individuals with sarcopenia, likely contributing to their greater force unsteadiness during dual‐tasking. Neural control unsteadiness during dual‐task performance may therefore represent a neural feature of sarcopenia‐related functional impairment. Assessing neuromuscular control during cognitively demanding tasks may improve detection of neural dysfunction and identify mechanistic targets for interventions aimed at preserving mobility in older adults. These findings support expanding muscle‐centric views of sarcopenia to include neur","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149087405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy After Spinal Cord Injury by Upregulating TIGAR and Enhancing Mitochondrial Function","authors":"Ziyue Dong, Ning Li, Yudong Guo, Haowei Sun, Wenying Shi, Menghai Zhou, Xianming Tong, Zhiyuan Wang, Fangyuan Qian, Yijing Guo","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70401","url":null,"abstract":"Background Skeletal muscle atrophy following spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating secondary complication with no effective treatment. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of vitamin D (VD) in SCI‐induced muscle atrophy and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods SCI patients' serum VD levels were measured, and muscle mass was assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray examination. Adult male C57BL/6 mice underwent a complete T10 spinal cord transection or sham surgery. On Day 3 post‐injury, mice received daily oral gavage of either VD (150 IU/kg) or vehicle (coconut oil) for 25 days. Body weight and motor function were assessed, and muscle‐specific parameters including hindlimb circumference, muscle mass, fibre cross‐sectional area (CSA) and fibre type composition were evaluated. Quantitative proteomics, Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were further employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms in the gastrocnemius muscle. Results Serum VD level showed a significant positive correlation with the muscle index ( <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> = 0.6495, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Compared to vehicle‐treated SCI mice, VD supplementation significantly attenuated body weight loss and promoted motor recovery ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). VD treatment markedly preserved hindlimb muscle mass ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and prevented the reduction in the CSA of gastrocnemius ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), extensor digitorum longus ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and soleus muscles ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, VD alleviated the SCI‐induced pathological shift from oxidative (Type I/IIA) to glycolytic (Type IIB) muscle fibres. Proteomic analysis revealed that VD restored cellular energy metabolism homeostasis. And it was related to the upregulation of the metabolic regulator TIGAR ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). This was associated with a significant increase in mitochondrial number ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and an improvement in mitochondrial ultrastructure. Conclusion VD mitigates skeletal muscle atrophy following SCI by restoring metabolic and mitochondrial homeostasis through the upregulation of TIGAR. Our findings establish a strong preclinical rationale for investigating VD supplementation as a therapeutic strategy to preserve muscle health in SCI patients.","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149086298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastatic Bone Disease Is Associated With Longitudinal Muscle Loss and Reduced Survival in Kidney Cancer","authors":"Jon‐Luc Poirier, Samuel T. Jines, Libbie M. Silverman, Anuradha Valiya Kambrath, L. Daniel Wurtz, Teresa A. Zimmers, Christopher D. Collier","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70400","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cachexia is a multifactorial muscle wasting syndrome and is responsible for 20%–40% of cancer‐related deaths, yet no FDA‐approved therapies exist. Preclinical studies suggest that metastatic bone disease may contribute to muscle wasting, but this relationship has not been evaluated in clinical populations. This study evaluated whether metastatic bone disease at diagnosis is associated with longitudinal skeletal muscle loss and whether metastatic bone disease and longitudinal skeletal muscle loss are associated with overall survival in patients with kidney cancer. Methods A total of 293 patients (66.9% male, 33.1% female, median age 60 years) were retrospectively identified with either localised kidney cancer, extraosseous metastatic disease, or osseous metastatic disease at diagnosis. Clinical and demographic variables and treatments were recorded. Body composition was quantified over time for a subset by body mass index (BMI) ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 221) and CT analysis at the L3 vertebral level ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 99). Longitudinal changes were analysed using linear regression, and overall survival was assessed with Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Results Patients with osseous metastatic disease had a reduction in BMI over time compared with those with localised or extraosseous metastatic disease (median of −3.6% per year, compared with +0.7% and −2.6% respectively, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Skeletal muscle loss was greatest for those with osseous metastasis (−7.5% per year, compared with −0.8% and −1.2% respectively, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Multivariable linear regression demonstrated osseous metastasis at diagnosis was strongly associated with muscle loss ( <jats:italic>β</jats:italic> coefficient of −20.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): −35.56 to −6.27]). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, osseous metastasis at diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of death (HR 15.8; 95% CI: 2.00 to 124.95; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), as was longitudinal skeletal muscle loss (HR 1.02 for each 1% loss per year; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). Conclusions This study provides the first clinical evidence that metastatic bone disease is strongly associated with skeletal muscle loss and reduced survival in kidney cancer patients. These findings extend prior preclinical observations into the clinical setting and support further investigation into the possibility that tumour–bone–muscle interactions drive systemic muscle wasting. Importantly, the observation that severe muscle loss is strongly associated with mortality in kidney cancer highlights the need to consider cachexia as a modifiable determinant of outcomes, not just a byproduct of advanced disease.","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"116 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consensus‐Defined Sarcopenic Obesity and a Related Dynapenic Obesity Phenotype in Relation to Early Cognitive Impairment","authors":"Mu‐Cyun Wang, Tao‐Chun Peng, Jeng‐Min Chiou, Yen‐Ching Chen, Jen‐Hau Chen","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70395","url":null,"abstract":"Background Previous studies examining sarcopenic obesity in relation to cognitive function have utilized heterogeneous operational definitions. Some studies have evaluated low muscle strength combined with obesity, more appropriately described as dynapenic obesity, under the broader term sarcopenic obesity. We examined the associations of consensus‐defined sarcopenic obesity and a related strength‐based obesity phenotype with global and domain‐specific cognitive function in older adults and evaluated the robustness of these associations across alternative adiposity definitions. Methods This prospective cohort study (2015–2019) included non‐demented older adults from the Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research. Participants underwent cognitive assessments at baseline and at the 2‐year follow‐up. Handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer, and total muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Obesity was defined primarily as a body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> . Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the coexistence of low muscle mass, low muscle strength and obesity, whereas dynapenic obesity was defined as low muscle strength and obesity. Multivariable‐adjusted generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the associations of sarcopenic obesity and a related dynapenic obesity phenotype with cognitive function across repeated measurements and over time. Results At baseline, 366 older adults aged ≥ 69 years (54.6% women, mean ± standard deviation [SD] = 75.7 ± 4.8 years) were included. All 16 participants with dynapenic obesity also met the criteria for sarcopenic obesity. Sarcopenic obesity was associated with poor global cognition (MoCA‐T: = −0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.80 to −0.13), memory (immediate free recall: = −0.38; 95% CI, −0.72 to −0.04) and attention performance (Trail Making Test A: = −0.43; 95% CI, −0.73 to −0.12). Dynapenic obesity was associated with poor global cognition (MoCA‐T: = −1.15; 95% CI, −1.99 to −0.30), memory (immediate free recall: = −0.43; 95% CI, −0.77 to −0.09) and attention performance (Trail Making Test A: = −0.44; 95% CI, −0.75 to −0.14). The associations of sarcopenic obesity and dynapenic obesity with global cognition and attention performance remained evident among women and apolipoprotein E ( <jats:italic>APOE</jats:italic> ) ε4 non‐carriers. Conclusions Sarcopenic obesity and a related dynapenic obesity phenotype were associated with poor global and domain‐specific cognitive function in non‐demented older adults. Muscle strength and obesity measures may facilitate early identification of these phenotypes and help identify individuals at increased risk of cognitive impairment. Future studies are needed to determine whether targeted interventions for sarcopenic and dynapenic obesity can prevent or delay cognitive decline.","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149085969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}