Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle最新文献

{"title":"Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit Longitudinal Associations With Inflammation and Caloric Intake in Elderly. The InCHIANTI Study.","authors":"Matteo Candeloro, Chiara Candita, Raffaello Pellegrino, Giada Mariano, Ettore Porreca, Giovanni Barassi, Roberto Paganelli, Angelo Di Iorio, Toshiko Tanaka, Luigi Ferrucci","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70353","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Skeletal Muscle Function Deficit (SMFD) score integrates muscle mass, strength, power and quality into a single construct that evaluates the multidimensional status of muscle health. The aim of the study is to investigate the longitudinal associations of systemic inflammation and caloric intake with SMFD-score trajectories in older adults from the InCHIANTI study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the InCHIANTI population-based longitudinal cohort. A total of 1035 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 74.97 ± 7.39 years; 44.25% men) contributed 3196 repeated observations across four study waves. SMFD-score (range 0-20) was derived from sex-specific quintiles of lower-limb muscle mass, muscle density, grip strength and lower-limb power; participants unable to perform a test received a score of 0 for that component. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and caloric intake (kcal/day) were assessed at all study waves. Longitudinal associations between time-varying IL-6 tertiles, caloric intake tertiles and SMFD-score trajectories were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for baseline age and sex and time-varying multimorbidity and body mass index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across follow-up, SMFD-score declined significantly from 9.60 ± 4.20 at baseline to 7.07 ± 4.00 at the last wave (p < 0.001), whereas IL-6 increased from 3.65 ± 2.50 pg/mL to 4.39 ± 3.10 pg/mL (p < 0.001). Mean caloric intake showed a non-significant upward trend (1912.83 ± 562.37 to 1976.00 ± 580.54 kcal/day; p = 0.07). In mixed-effects models, higher IL-6 levels were associated with accelerated SMFD decline over time (IL-6 tertile × time interaction β = -0.31 ± 0.02; p < 0.001). Higher caloric intake was associated with higher SMFD-score and a slower functional decline (caloric intake tertile main effect β = 1.19 ± 0.16; p < 0.001; caloric intake tertile × time interaction β = 0.24 ± 0.03; p < 0.001). In the model including the combined IL-6 × caloric intake × time interaction was statistically significant (β = 0.14 ± 0.04; p < 0.001), indicating that higher caloric intake partially attenuated the negative longitudinal association between IL-6 and SMFD-score.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SMFD-score captures longitudinal muscle function decline during aging and reflects the opposing influences of inflammation and caloric intake. These findings support the SMFD-score as a clinically relevant construct for identifying potentially modifiable determinants of muscle health and functional decline in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70353"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13439984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148672806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Extracellular Vesicles-Derived Complement Proteins as Biomarkers of Sarcopenia Progression in Longitudinal Cohorts.","authors":"Ji Yeon Kim,Sung Hye Kong,Dohyun Han,Tae-Hwan Gil,Hyeon Soo Kim,Miji Kim,Jin Hee Kim,Seung Shin Park,Seong-Jun Park,Hak Chul Jhang,Chang Won Won,Ok Hee Jeon","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70350","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDSarcopenia is characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass, strength and physical performance, yet current diagnostic tools are limited for practical and longitudinal monitoring. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encapsulate various biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and metabolites and have emerged as promising carriers of circulating biomarkers. In this study, we investigated longitudinal biomarkers of sarcopenia using plasma-derived EVs.METHODSPlasma EVs were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation from participants in the community-based Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS, n = 90) and performed quantitative proteomic profiling of EVs derived from plasma. Candidate proteins were validated in an independent hospital-based Osteoporosis Sarcopenia (OsteoSarc, n = 93) cohort at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital using MRM-based LC-MS/MS. Multivariate models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and relevant covariates: metabolic comorbidities (hypertension, myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus) in the KFACS cohort and femoral neck bone mineral density in the OsteoSarc cohort.RESULTSIn the KFACS cohort (mean age, 77.7 ± 4.1 years; range, 70.0-84.7; 50.0% women), EV-associated complement proteins, particularly C2 and C4B, were strongly associated with declines in gait speed (β = -0.302, p = 0.006; β = -0.231, p = 0.028, respectively) and were elevated in individuals with worsened outcomes over 2 years (p = 0.002 and p = 0.034, respectively). Complement pathway enrichment analysis further supported associations with inflammatory and aging-related signatures. Independent validation in the hospital-based OsteoSarc cohort (mean age, 74.3 ± 12.0 years; range, 52.0-96.0; 88.2% women) confirmed the predictive value of C2 and C1R for gait speed and SPPB decline, with AUC values exceeding 0.7 for clinically relevant measures.CONCLUSIONOur findings demonstrate that several EV-associated complement proteins, including C2, C4B and C1R, are strongly associated with longitudinal decline in gait speed, highlighting their potential as promising circulating biomarkers for sarcopenia progression.","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"40 1","pages":"e70350"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148522050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Small-Molecule Dual Adiponectin Receptor 1/2 Agonist Induces Myogenesis and Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy.","authors":"Shubhrajyoti Das, Pallavi Awasthi, Md Rameez Moin, Shyamal Pal, Anushka Talukdar, Akhilesh Kumar, Nikhil Nikolas, Shruti Suhas Varode, Shamima Khatoon, Nabanita Das, Sourav Chattopadhyay, Madhav Nilkanth Mugale, Rajdeep Guha, Sabyasachi Sanyal, Atul Goel","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70364","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70364","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Skeletal muscle atrophy is a hallmark of ageing and chronic diseases, yet effective pharmacotherapies remain unavailable. Adiponectin signalling through AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 regulates skeletal muscle metabolism, regeneration and oxidative capacity, but the therapeutic use of adiponectin is limited by its large size and complex multimeric structure. Small-molecule AdipoR agonists, therefore, represent an attractive therapeutic strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A PGC-1α promoter-luciferase assay was used to screen for AdipoR agonists in HEK-293T cells overexpressing AdipoR1 or AdipoR2. Receptor specificity was validated through receptor overexpression and RNA-interference. C2C12 myoblast differentiation was assessed using phase-contrast microscopy and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) immunostaining followed by morphometric analyses of cross-sectional area (CSA) and Feret's diameter, along with immunoblotting of MyoD and myogenin. Anti-atrophy effects were examined in myotubes exposed to dexamethasone, cytokines or nutrient deprivation by evaluating CSA and diameter through morphometry, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR analysis of atrogenes and myogenic markers. Oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function were analysed using extracellular flux analysis and immunoblotting of fibre-type markers, including MyHC-I, MyHC-IIA and MyHC-IIB. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in a dexamethasone-induced and a sciatic nerve denervation-induced rat models following oral administration of Med. Muscle histology, molecular signalling and functional performance were analysed. All immunoblots were analysed by densitometry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Med activated AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 with EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 160 and 302 pM, respectively, and stimulated canonical adiponectin signalling pathways, including AMPK, AKT and p38 MAPK. It significantly induced expression of typical adiponectin targets, PGC-1α, PPARα, Glut4 and UCP3 (p &lt; 0.0001). AdipoR1 knockdown completely abolished Med-mediated signalling, whereas AdipoR2 depletion caused partial attenuation. Med enhanced myogenic differentiation, evidenced by increasing myotube formation and expression of MyoD, myogenin and MyHC. It protected myotubes against dexamethasone-, cytokine- and nutrient deprivation-induced atrophy by preserving CSA and Feret's diameter (p &lt; 0.0001), which was accompanied by suppression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF1, and increased MyoD and myogenin expression (p &lt; 0.05). Med also enhanced oxidative capacity by increasing fatty acid oxidation and Med-treated cells showed elevated oxidative fibre markers. Oral administration of Med significantly attenuated muscle atrophy in both rat models, evidenced by improved muscle morphology, suppressed atrogenes, enhanced myogenic markers and increased muscle adiponectin expression and corresponding downstream signalling. Med markedly improved muscle function, including grip strength (p &lt; 0.0001), wire hanging (p &lt; 0.01) and ro","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70364"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative Reference Values and Cut-Off Points for Nutritional Ultrasound: The VALORES Study.","authors":"Carolina Moreno-Torres-Taboada, José M Romero-Márquez, María García-Olivares, María Novo-Rodríguez, Rocío Fernández-Jiménez, Isabel Vegas-Aguilar, Pedro Pablo García-Luna, Silvia García-Rey, José Manuel García-Almeida, Gabriel Olveira","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nutritional ultrasound (NU) enables direct assessment of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, yet population-based reference values and cut-offs remain scarce. We aimed to establish age- and sex-specific normative values for rectus femoris (RF) and abdominal adipose tissue NU measurements in apparently healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multicentre cross-sectional study of 1789 healthy blood donors (842 women, 947 men), aged 18-80 years (mean 41.5 ± 14.9). Standardised NU assessed RF cross-sectional area (CSA), circumference, transverse (X) and anteroposterior (Y) axes, and abdominal and thigh adipose tissue. Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and handgrip strength (HGS) were obtained. Age- and sex-specific percentiles were generated across predefined age groups (18-30, 31-45, 46-60 and > 60 years). T-scores for RF parameters were derived from a young reference subgroup aged 18-45 years (n = 1001). Associations with sex, age, body mass index and physical activity were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All NU parameters differed significantly by sex (all p < 0.001). Median RF-CSA was 4.60 cm² (IQR 3.83-5.58) in women and 6.77 cm² (5.55-7.91) in men; median RF-Y axis at rest was 1.56 cm (1.33-1.80) and 1.91 cm (1.65-2.17), and during contraction 1.97 cm (1.71-2.24) and 2.47 cm (2.15-2.78), respectively. Median total abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (T-SAT) was 1.77 cm (1.16-2.39) in women and 1.65 cm (1.13-2.22) in men. RF measurements correlated moderately-strongly with BIA-derived muscle mass (r = 0.45-0.65) and HGS (r = 0.49-0.58). T-SAT correlated with BIA fat mass and waist circumference (r = 0.45-0.65), whereas visceral adipose tissue showed weaker associations (r ≈ 0.33). RF-CSA and RF-Y axis increased across physical-activity categories (p < 0.05). Absolute RF values did not differ by BMI; however, when indexed to body weight, participants with BMI > 25 kg/m² had lower RF-CSA and RF-Y values (all p < 0.001). RF parameters followed a normal distribution, whereas adipose tissue measures did not. In the young reference group (18-45 years), mean ± SD RF-Y axis was 1.68 ± 0.33 cm in women and 2.05 ± 0.37 cm in men. When applying T-score criteria, the -2 standard deviation cut-off identified 1.4%-11.7% of adults aged ≥45 years as having low muscle mass.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides the first age- and sex-specific population-based reference values for nutritional ultrasound measurements in an apparently healthy adult Spanish population. These findings support the validity, clinical applicability, and standardisation of nutritional ultrasound for the assessment of muscle mass, with potential utility in the diagnosis of sarcopenia and malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70344"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13487697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to 'A Prospective Observational Study of Anamorelin During Chemoimmunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Cachexia (SPIRAL-ANA)'.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70352","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70352"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13437656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148672787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle and Bone Implications of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Fragility Fractures in Older Adults With Diabetes.","authors":"Joseph D Abraham, Andrew J S Coats, Stefan D Anker","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70371","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70371","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70371"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated Anthropometric Ageing Links Loss of Physical Function and Lower Extremity Body Mass.","authors":"Qu Tian, Suha Shin, Katie Bustin, Sarah Church, Amber B Courville, Kong Y Chen, Luigi Ferrucci","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70367","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ageing is associated with anthropometric changes that have been linked to functional limitations and disease risk. However, previous work is limited to a few anthropometric measures, such as body mass index or waist-to-height ratio. Current imaging technology allows a rapid, burden-free and simultaneous assessment of multidimensional anthropometry. What anthropometric measures can predict chronological age and whether the anthropometric age gap (AAG) further predicts health outcomes beyond chronological ageing have not been previously studied. The identification of age-related anthropometric measures could be used clinically to identify individuals who undergo accelerated anthropometric ageing and may be at risk of developing adverse health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 302 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants, each participant had 171 body anthropometric measurements collected (mean: 71.7 ± 13.4 years [27-95], 58% women, 30% Black, mean body mass index: 27.4 ± 4.5 kg/m²) using a 3D body scanner (Vitus by Human Solutions GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany). We used a LASSO machine learning model to identify anthropometric measures that jointly predicted chronological age after adjusting for sex, race and total body height. We further used covariate-adjusted linear mixed-effects models to examine whether the gap between anthropometric-predicted age and chronological age (AAG) would predict concurrent cognitive/physical functions and body composition, as well as longitudinal changes over the past 20 years (mean follow-up: 13 ± 5 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LASSO regression identified 22 anthropometric measures associated with chronological age (R² = 0.689, mean absolute error = 4.5 years), notably lower thigh girth, waist-to-buttock length and calf girth with older age. Greater AAG was cross-sectionally associated with lower cognitive scores related to motor planning, lower physical function and lower extremity body mass (all p < 0.05). Great AAG was also associated with accelerated declines in sensorimotor functions, including manual dexterity, balance and eccentric muscle strength, and greater loss of lower extremity lean and fat mass (all p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accelerated anthropometric ageing, involving key age-related measures, is associated with longitudinal declines in sensorimotor and muscle function. Anthropometric features that change with ageing may indicate loss of motor control, mobility and muscle function. Future studies are warranted to understand the mechanistic underpinnings of the associations with health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70367"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Epidemiology of Amputation-Related Disability From 1990 to 2021: Geographic Variation and Projections to 2050.","authors":"Xuhui Cuan, Jianguang Zhang, Zhuowen Lu, Fengyang Cui, Chenxi Zhao, Wenzhao Lu, Mengliang Luo, Song Xue, Chao Xie, Lei Jin, Meiling Shi, Jian Zhang, Meisong Zhu, Rongdong Liao, Xuanxuan Huang, Sikuan Zheng, Jianye Tan","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70356","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Amputation is a critical event leading to the permanent loss of limb function and long-term functional impairment, posing a substantial burden on global healthcare systems. However, the global burden, demographic patterns and future trajectory of amputation-related disability have not been comprehensively quantified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to assess the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for seven amputation subtypes (fingers, thumbs, toes, unilateral and bilateral upper and lower limbs) from 1990 to 2021. Projections to 2050 were made using the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modelling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, the global total number of amputation cases reached approximately 445 million (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]: 409-486 million), with an age-standardized rate (ASR) of 5330 (95% UI: 4890-5820) cases per 100 000 population. From 1990 to 2021, the overall global burden of amputation demonstrated a declining trend in ASR, although the absolute number of cases increased substantially. Among all amputation subtypes, finger amputation (AMP-F) had the highest prevalence, accounting for 50.3% of all cases, followed by thumb amputation (AMP-Th) at 22.4% and toe amputation (AMP-Toe) at 19.0%; these three subtypes alone accounted for over 91% of all cases. Regarding YLDs, unilateral lower limb amputation (AMP-LL1) contributed most significantly (20.8%), followed by bilateral upper limb amputation (AMP-UL2) at 18.9%, despite their relatively lower prevalence. In terms of the YLD burden, the age distribution exhibited a spindle-shaped pattern, peaking in the 30-59 age group overall, with notable subtype-specific variations (e.g., AMP-LL1 peaking at ≥ 95 years and bilateral lower limb amputation [AMP-LL2] prominent in middle-aged groups, particularly 50-64 years in certain regions). Additionally, the etiological profile shifted markedly, with conflict and terrorism rising sharply from the 8th to the 4th leading driver of amputation burden globally, exerting a particularly strong impact in North Africa and the Middle East. Projections indicate substantial future increases in both prevalence and YLDs associated with AMP-LL1, necessitating heightened vigilance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the age-standardized prevalence of amputation slightly declined globally from 1990 to 2021, the absolute number of cases increased significantly, exhibiting pronounced demographic and geographic disparities. To mitigate this escalating burden, tailored strategies integrating prevention and long-term rehabilitation planning are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70356"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13448777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148682902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Overall Survival in Patients With Oesophageal Cancer Using AI-Based 3D CT Body Composition Analysis.","authors":"Christian Römer, Jens Hölzen, Andreas Pascher, Walter Heindel, Marc-David Künnemann, René Hosch, Katarzyna Borys, Gesa Helen Pöhler","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70363","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70363","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Oesophageal cancer remains the sixth most lethal malignancy, with 5-year survival rates around 22%. CT-derived 2D body composition analysis has emerged as a promising prognostic tool, but conventional, often manually created single-slice L3 measurements are unsuited for future clinical implementation. We evaluated fully automated AI-derived volumetric body composition indices as prognostic parameters using conventional L3 and BMI measurements as reference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective cohort study included patients with histologically confirmed oesophageal cancer treated between 2011 and 2024. Automated deep learning segmentation using the nnU-Net-based body and organ analysis pipeline quantified abdominal tissue volumes from staging CTs. Three normalized indices were calculated: sarcopenia index (SI, muscle/bone volume ratio), myosteatotic fat index (MFI, intramuscular/total adipose tissue volume ratio) and abdominal fat index (AFI, visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue volume ratio). Cox proportional hazards models assessed prognostic value after sequential adjustment for age, sex, metastatic status, ECOG performance status, BMI and L3-derived indices. Kaplan-Meier analysis evaluated survival differences stratified by sex-specific median values.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The cohort comprised 563 patients (19.7% female), median age 65.4 years (IQR: 58.8-71.3); 10.1% (n = 57) had metastatic disease and 68.7% (n = 387) underwent surgery. Males had higher sarcopenia index (2.54 ± 0.41 vs. 2.24 ± 0.45, p &lt; 0.001) and abdominal fat index (median 0.72 vs. 0.36, p &lt; 0.001), whereas MFI showed no difference (p = 0.89). During median follow-up of 22 months, 367 deaths (65.9%) occurred. Median overall survival was 28.6 months (95% CI: 23.7-33.3); 1-year survival 70.7% (95% CI: 67.2%-74.8%) and 5-year survival 32.8% (95% CI: 29.6%-38.3%), with marked differences by metastatic status (M0 vs. M1 1-year survival: 73.4% vs. 46.4%). In the fully adjusted model incorporating all three volumetric indices alongside clinical covariates, BMI and L3-derived parameters (n = 532), only sarcopenia index retained independent significance (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37-0.82, p = 0.003); all others showed p ≥ 0.26. Metastatic status (HR = 2.23, p &lt; 0.001) and ECOG (HR = 1.29, p &lt; 0.001) remained significant. All L3 indices lost significance alongside volumetric parameters (p &gt; 0.14). Male patients with high sarcopenia index showed longer survival compared with patients with low sarcopenia index (33.3 vs. 21.8 months, p &lt; 0.001); female patients showed larger descriptive contrasts (68.8 vs. 16.8 months, p &lt; 0.001) that were formally confirmed by a significant sex-SI Cox interaction (LRT p = 0.026).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Automatic AI-derived volumetric body composition parameters calculated from routine staging CTs predict overall survival in patients with oesophageal cancer and are associated with sex-relate","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70363"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148710671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waist-to-Body Mass Index Ratio and Risk of Musculoskeletal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort and PhIP-Seq Analysis.","authors":"Yongze Zhang, Luxi Lin, Lifeng Zheng, Xiaohuang Lin, Zhaowei Xu, Ximei Shen, Lingning Huang, Fengying Zhao, Sunjie Yan","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.70336","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.70336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Musculoskeletal complications in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are inadequately captured by body mass index (BMI). Waist-to-BMI ratio (WBR) may better reflect adverse body composition. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between WBR and musculoskeletal disorders in T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This two-phase study was conducted within an ongoing hospital-based cohort at the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou, China). The cross-sectional analysis included 4157 adults with T2DM recruited between March 2012 and August 2023 (54.3% men; mean age 59.4 ± 10.3 years), using data from their first assessment. Associations of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), BMI and WBR with osteopenia, sarcopenia, sarcopenic osteopenia (SOs), sarcopenic obesity (SOb) and fractures were evaluated. The prospective cohort comprised a longitudinal subset enrolled between March 2012 and June 2022, ensuring at least 1 year of follow-up prior to administrative censoring in August 2023. A total of 440 individuals (57.0% men; mean age 59.7 ± 9.7 years) were followed for a median of 34.0 months (20.0-57.0). Associations between time-dependent WBR and incident outcomes were assessed using Cox models. A nested exploratory analysis was conducted within the cohort. Thirty participants with extreme annualised WBR change (ΔWBR/yr) were selected. Baseline serum samples collected at enrolment, prior to outcome occurrence, were analysed using phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-Seq).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cross-sectionally, WBR was negatively correlated with bone mineral density and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index and positively correlated with osteopenia, sarcopenia, SOs, SOb and fractures (all p < 0.01), whereas BMI, WC, WHtR and WHR showed weaker associations. After adjustment, higher WBR was independently associated with osteopenia (men: OR 1.723, 95% CI 1.614-1.840; women: OR 1.420, 1.348-1.495), sarcopenia (men: OR 4.779, 4.165-5.484; women: OR 2.991, 2.683-3.334), SOs (men: OR 6.261, 5.314-7.377; women: OR 4.336, 3.753-5.010), SOb (men: OR 4.737, 3.975-5.646; women: OR 4.652, 3.715-5.825) and fractures (men: OR 1.236, 1.093-1.397; women: OR 1.103, 1.003-1.213; all p < 0.05). Prospectively, higher time-dependent WBR predicted incident osteopenia (HR 1.365, 95% CI 1.024-1.820), sarcopenia (HR 1.282, 1.086-1.512), SOs (HR 1.408, 1.176-1.686), SOb (HR 1.634, 1.262-2.116) and fractures (HR 1.369, 1.029-1.821). PhIP-Seq analysis identified differential autoantibody reactivity related to muscle structural organisation and cytoskeletal regulation, while bone-related differences were enriched in Wnt signalling and hormone-related pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher WBR and longitudinal increases were independently associated with osteopenia, sarcopenia, sarcopenic phenotypes and fractures in individuals with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"17 4","pages":"e70336"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13448775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148682878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}