Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle最新文献

{"title":"Physical function endpoints in cancer cachexia clinical trials: Systematic Review 1 of the cachexia endpoints series","authors":"James McDonald,&nbsp;Judith Sayers,&nbsp;Stefan D. Anker,&nbsp;Jann Arends,&nbsp;Trude Rakel Balstad,&nbsp;Vickie Baracos,&nbsp;Leo Brown,&nbsp;Asta Bye,&nbsp;Olav Dajani,&nbsp;Ross Dolan,&nbsp;Marie T. Fallon,&nbsp;Eilidh Fraser,&nbsp;Christine Griel,&nbsp;Aleksandra Grzyb,&nbsp;Marianne Hjermstad,&nbsp;Mariam Jamal-Hanjani,&nbsp;Gunnhild Jakobsen,&nbsp;Stein Kaasa,&nbsp;Donald McMillan,&nbsp;Matthew Maddocks,&nbsp;Iain Philips,&nbsp;Inger O. Ottestad,&nbsp;Kieran F. Reid,&nbsp;Mariana S. Sousa,&nbsp;Melanie R. Simpson,&nbsp;Ola Magne Vagnildhaug,&nbsp;Richard J. E. Skipworth,&nbsp;Tora S. Solheim,&nbsp;Barry J. A. Laird,&nbsp;the Cancer Cachexia Endpoints Working Group","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13321","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In cancer cachexia trials, measures of physical function are commonly used as endpoints. For drug trials to obtain regulatory approval, efficacy in physical function endpoints may be needed alongside other measures. However, it is not clear which physical function endpoints should be used. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the frequency and diversity of physical function endpoints in cancer cachexia trials. Following a comprehensive electronic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane (1990–2021), records were retrieved. Eligible trials met the following criteria: adults (≥18 years), controlled design, more than 40 participants, use of a cachexia intervention for more than 14 days and use of a physical function endpoint. Physical function measures were classified as an objective measure (hand grip strength [HGS], stair climb power [SCP], timed up and go [TUG] test, 6-min walking test [6MWT] and short physical performance battery [SPPB]), clinician assessment of function (Karnofsky Performance Status [KPS] or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status [ECOG-PS]) or patient-reported outcomes (physical function subscale of the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires [EORTC QLQ-C30 or C15]). Data extraction was performed using Covidence and followed PRISMA guidance (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022276710). A total of 5975 potential studies were examined and 71 were eligible. Pharmacological interventions were assessed in 38 trials (54%). Of these, 11 (29%, <i>n</i> = 1184) examined megestrol and 5 (13%, <i>n</i> = 1928) examined anamorelin; nutritional interventions were assessed in 21 trials (30%); and exercise-based interventions were assessed in 6 trials (8%). The remaining six trials (8%) assessed multimodal interventions. Among the objective measures of physical function (assessed as primary or secondary endpoints), HGS was most commonly examined (33 trials, <i>n</i> = 5081) and demonstrated a statistically significant finding in 12 (36%) trials (<i>n</i> = 2091). The 6MWT was assessed in 12 trials (<i>n</i> = 1074) and was statistically significant in 4 (33%) trials (<i>n</i> = 403), whereas SCP, TUG and SPPB were each assessed in 3 trials. KPS was more commonly assessed than the newer ECOG-PS (16 vs. 9 trials), and patient-reported EORTC QLQ-C30 physical function was reported in 25 trials. HGS is the most commonly used physical function endpoint in cancer cachexia clinical trials. However, heterogeneity in study design, populations, intervention and endpoint selection make it difficult to comment on the optimal endpoint and how to measure this. We offer several recommendations/considerations to improve the design of future clinical trials in cancer cachexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"1932-1948"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10217636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caveolin-3 loss linked with the P104L LGMD-1C mutation modulates skeletal muscle mTORC1 signalling and cholesterol homeostasis","authors":"Dinesh S. Shah,&nbsp;Raid B. Nisr,&nbsp;Gabriela Krasteva-Christ,&nbsp;Harinder S. Hundal","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13317","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13317","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Caveolins are the principal structural components of plasma membrane caveolae. Dominant pathogenic mutations in the muscle-specific caveolin-3 (Cav3) gene isoform, such as the limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C (LGMD-1C) P104L mutation, result in dramatic loss of the Cav3 protein and pathophysiological muscle weakness/wasting. We hypothesize that such muscle degeneration may be linked to disturbances in signalling events that impact protein turnover. Herein, we report studies assessing the effects of Cav3 deficiency on mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling in skeletal muscle cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>L6 myoblasts were stably transfected with Cav3^P104L or expression of native Cav3 was abolished by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing (Cav3 knockout [Cav3KO]) prior to performing subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting, analysis of real-time mitochondrial respiration or fixed cell immunocytochemistry. Skeletal muscle from wild-type and Cav3^−/− mice was processed for immunoblot analysis of downstream mTORC1 substrate phosphorylation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cav3 was detected in lysosomal-enriched membranes isolated from L6 myoblasts and observed by confocal microscopy to co-localize with lysosomal-specific markers. Cav3^P104L expression, which results in significant (~95%) loss of native Cav3, or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Cav3KO, reduced amino acid-dependent mTORC1 activation. The decline in mTORC1-directed signalling was detected by immunoblot analysis of L6 muscle cells and gastrocnemius Cav3^−/− mouse muscle as judged by reduced phosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates that play key roles in the initiation of protein synthesis (4EBP1^S65 and S6K1^T389). S6K1^T389 and 4EBP1^S65 phosphorylation reduced by over 75% and 80% in Cav3KO muscle cells and by over 90% and 30% in Cav3^−/− mouse skeletal muscle, respectively. The reduction in protein synthetic capacity in L6 muscle cells was confirmed by analysis of puromycylated peptides using the SUnSET assay. Cav3 loss was also associated with a 26% increase in lysosomal cholesterol, and pharmacological manipulation of lysosomal cholesterol was effective in replicating the reduction in mTORC1 activity observed in Cav3KO cells. Notably, re-expression of Cav3 in Cav3KO myoblasts normalized lysosomal cholesterol content, which coincided with a recovery in protein translation and an associated increase in mTORC1-directed phosphorylation of downstream targets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2310-2326"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10516217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the bidirectional causal association between frailty and depression: A Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Jiahao Zhu,&nbsp;Dan Zhou,&nbsp;Yaoyao Nie,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Ye Yang,&nbsp;Dingwan Chen,&nbsp;Min Yu,&nbsp;Yingjun Li","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13319","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13319","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observational studies have demonstrated a strong bidirectional association between frailty and depression, but it remains unclear whether this association reflects causality. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional causal relationship between frailty and depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using genome-wide association study summary data, two-sample Mendelian randomization was performed to test for the potential bidirectional causality between frailty, as defined by both the frailty index and the frailty phenotype, and depression. Several frailty-related traits were additionally investigated, including weaker hand grip strength, slower walking pace and physical inactivity. Findings were replicated using an independent depression data source and verified using multiple sensitivity analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genetically predicted higher frailty index (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), higher frailty phenotype score (OR, 2.79; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), lower grip strength (OR, 1.23; <i>P</i> = 0.003), slower walking pace (OR, 1.55; <i>P</i> = 0.027) and physical inactivity (OR, 1.44; <i>P</i> = 0.003) all were associated with a higher risk of depression. As for the reverse direction, genetic liability to depression showed consistent associations with a higher frailty index (beta, 0.167; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and a higher frailty phenotype score (beta, 0.067; <i>P</i> = 0.001), but not with other frailty-related traits that were investigated. The results were stable across sensitivity analyses and across depression datasets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings add novel evidence supporting the bidirectional causal association between frailty and depression. Improving balance and muscle strength and increasing physical activity may be beneficial in both depression and frailty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2327-2334"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10159238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and outcomes of cachexia in Asia: Working Consensus Report from the Asian Working Group for Cachexia","authors":"Hidenori Arai,&nbsp;Keisuke Maeda,&nbsp;Hidetaka Wakabayashi,&nbsp;Tateaki Naito,&nbsp;Masaaki Konishi,&nbsp;Prasert Assantachai,&nbsp;Wai Tung Auyeung,&nbsp;Chalobol Chalermsri,&nbsp;Wei Chen,&nbsp;Justin Chew,&nbsp;Ming-Yueh Chou,&nbsp;Chih-Cheng Hsu,&nbsp;Allyn Hum,&nbsp;In Gyu Hwang,&nbsp;Toshimi Kaido,&nbsp;Lin Kang,&nbsp;Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman,&nbsp;Miji Kim,&nbsp;Jenny Shun Wah Lee,&nbsp;Wei-Ju Lee,&nbsp;Chih-Kuang Liang,&nbsp;Wee Shiong Lim,&nbsp;Jae-Young Lim,&nbsp;Yen Peng Lim,&nbsp;Raymond See-Kit Lo,&nbsp;Terence Ong,&nbsp;Wen-Harn Pan,&nbsp;Li-Ning Peng,&nbsp;Pornpoj Pramyothin,&nbsp;Nurul Huda Razalli,&nbsp;Masakazu Saitoh,&nbsp;Suzana Shahar,&nbsp;Han Ping Shi,&nbsp;Heng-Hsin Tung,&nbsp;Yasuhito Uezono,&nbsp;Stephan von Haehling,&nbsp;Chang Won Won,&nbsp;Jean Woo,&nbsp;Liang-Kung Chen","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13323","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13323","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic diseases often lead to metabolic disorders, causing anabolic resistance and increased energy consumption, which result in cachexia. Cachexia, in turn, can lead to major clinical consequences such as impaired quality of life, shortened life expectancy, and increased healthcare expenditure. Existing international diagnostic criteria for cachexia employ thresholds derived from Western populations, which may not apply to Asians due to differing body compositions. To address this issue, the Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC) was initiated. The AWGC comprises experts in cachexia research and clinical practice from various Asian countries and aims to develop a consensus on diagnostic criteria and significant clinical outcomes for cachexia in Asia. The AWGC, composed of experts in cachexia research and clinical practice from several Asian countries, undertook three-round Delphi surveys and five meetings to reach a consensus. Discussions were held on etiological diseases, essential diagnostic items for cachexia, including subjective and objective symptoms and biomarkers, and significant clinical outcomes. The consensus highlighted the importance of multiple diagnostic factors for cachexia, including chronic diseases, either or both weight loss or low body mass index, and at least one of the following: anorexia, decreased grip strength (&lt;28 kg in men and &lt;18 kg in women), or elevated C-reactive protein levels (&gt;5 mg/L [0.5 mg/dL]). The AWGC proposed a significant weight change of 2% or more over a 3–6 month period and suggested a tentative cut-off value of 21 kg/m² for low body mass index in diagnosing cachexia. Critical clinical outcomes were determined to be mortality, quality of life as assessed by tools such as EQ-5D or the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy, and functional status as measured by the Clinical Frailty Scale or Barthel Index, with significant emphasis on patient-reported outcomes. The AWGC consensus offers a comprehensive definition and user-friendly diagnostic criteria for cachexia, tailored specifically for Asian populations. This consensus is set to stimulate future research and enhance the multidisciplinary approach to managing cachexia. With plans to develop further guidelines for the optimal treatment, prevention, and care of cachexia in Asians, the AWGC criteria are expected to drive research across chronic co-morbidities and cancer in Asia, leading to future refinement of diagnostic criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"1949-1958"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10527209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the D3-creatine muscle mass assessment tool to a geriatric weight loss trial: A pilot study","authors":"Kristen M. Beavers,&nbsp;Allison E. Avery,&nbsp;Mahalakshmi Shankaran,&nbsp;William J. Evans,&nbsp;S. Delanie Lynch,&nbsp;Caitlyn Dwyer,&nbsp;Marjorie Howard,&nbsp;Daniel P. Beavers,&nbsp;Ashley A. Weaver,&nbsp;Leon Lenchik,&nbsp;Peggy M. Cawthon","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13322","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Traditionally, weight loss (WL) trials utilize dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure lean mass. This method assumes lean mass, as the sum of all non-bone and non-fat tissue, is a reasonable proxy for muscle mass. In contrast, the D₃-creatine (D₃Cr) dilution method directly measures whole body skeletal muscle mass, although this method has yet to be applied in the context of a geriatric WL trial. The purpose of this project was to (1) describe estimates of change and variability in D₃Cr muscle mass in older adults participating in an intentional WL intervention and (2) relate its change to other measures of body composition as well as muscle function and strength.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The INVEST in Bone Health trial (NCT04076618), used as a scaffold for this ancillary pilot project, is a three-armed, 12-month randomized, controlled trial designed to determine the effects of resistance training or weighted vest use during intentional WL on a battery of musculoskeletal health outcomes among 150 older adults living with obesity. A convenience sample of 24 participants (<i>n</i> = 8/arm) are included in this analysis. At baseline and 6 months, participants were weighed, ingested a 30 mg D₃Cr tracer dose, provided a fasted urine sample 3–6 days post-dosage, underwent DXA (total body fat and lean masses, appendicular lean mass) and computed tomography (mid-thigh and trunk muscle/intermuscular fat areas) scans, and performed 400-m walk, stair climb, knee extensor strength, and grip strength tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were older (68.0 ± 4.4 years), mostly White (75.0%), predominantly female (66.7%), and living with obesity (body mass index: 33.8 ± 2.7 kg/m²). Six month total body WL was −10.3 (95% confidence interval, CI: −12.7, −7.9) kg. All DXA and computed tomography-derived body composition measures were significantly decreased from baseline, yet D₃Cr muscle mass did not change [+0.5 (95% CI: −2.0, 3.0) kg]. Of muscle function and strength measures, only grip strength significantly changed [+2.5 (95% CI: 1.0, 4.0) kg] from baseline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 24 older adults, significant WL with or without weighted vest use or resistance training over a 6-month period was associated with significant declines in all bioimaging metrics, while D₃Cr muscle mass and muscle function and strength were preserved. Treatment assignment for the t","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2350-2358"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41229545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein intake in cancer: Does it improve nutritional status and/or modify tumour response to chemotherapy?","authors":"Martin Boutière,&nbsp;Cécile Cottet-Rousselle,&nbsp;Céline Coppard,&nbsp;Karine Couturier,&nbsp;Catherine Féart,&nbsp;Morgane Couchet,&nbsp;Christelle Corne,&nbsp;Christophe Moinard,&nbsp;Charlotte Breuillard","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13276","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13276","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combating malnutrition and cachexia is a core challenge in oncology. To limit muscle mass loss, the use of proteins in cancer is encouraged by experts in the field, but it is still debated due to their antagonist effects. Indeed, a high protein intake could preserve lean body mass but may promote tumour growth, whereas a low-protein diet could reduce tumour size but without addressing cachexia. Here we used a realistic rodent model of cancer and chemotherapy to evaluate the influence of different protein intakes on cachexia, tumour response to chemotherapy and immune system response. The goal is to gain a closer understanding of the effect of protein intake in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Female Fischer 344 rats were divided into six groups: five groups (<i>n</i> = 14 per group) with cancer (Ward colon tumour) and chemotherapy were fed with isocaloric diets with 8%, 12%, 16%, 24% or 32% of caloric intake from protein and one healthy control group (<i>n</i> = 8) fed a 16% protein diet, considered as a standard diet. Chemotherapy included two cycles, 1 week apart, each consisting of an injection of CPT-11 (50 mg/kg) followed by 5-fluorouracil (50 mg/kg) the day after. Food intake, body weight, and tumour size were measured daily. On day 9, the rats were euthanized and organs were weighed. Body composition was determined and protein content and protein synthesis (SUnSET method) were measured in the muscle, liver, intestine, and tumour. Immune function was explored by flow cytometry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer and chemotherapy led to a decrease in body weight characterized by a decrease of both fat mass (−56 ± 3%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and fat-free mass (−8 ± 1%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Surprisingly, there was no effect of protein diet on body composition, muscle or tumour parameters (weight, protein content, or protein synthesis) but a high cumulative protein intake was positively associated with a high relative body weight and high fat-free mass. The immune system was impacted by cancer and chemotherapy but not by the different amount of protein intake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a realistic model of cancer and chemotherapy, we demonstrated for the first time that protein intake did not positively or negatively modulate tumour growth. Moreover, our results suggested that a high cumulative protein intake was able to improve moderately nutritional status in chemotherapy treated cancer rodents. Although this","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2003-2015"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10210385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract Proceedings of 7th Cancer Cachexia Conference, 28-30 September 2023, Edinburgh.","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13325","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 Suppl 1 ","pages":"3-59"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10518434/pdf/JCSM-14-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41096401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on ‘Effects of Vivifrail multicomponent intervention on functional capacity: A multicentre randomized controlled trial’ by Casas-Herrero et al.","authors":"Jin Yan,&nbsp;Tianyi Zhang,&nbsp;Yixin Hu","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13296","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We read with great interest the recent article by Álvaro Casas-Herrero et al. entitled ‘Effects of Vivifrail multicomponent intervention on functional capacity: a multicentre, randomized controlled trial’.<span>¹</span> The article validated that the Vivifrail multicomponent exercise training programme is an effective and safe intervention for improving functional capacity in community dwelling frail/prefrail older patients with MCI or mild dementia, which provides strong evidence for the validation of physical intervention. However, here are some questions I would like to discuss with the authors.</p><p>The first question is about the missing data: The dropout rate was as high as 37% in general, especially 48% in the intervention group at the end of the third month. It is not a low level for a randomized controlled trial especially under such a small sample size. In clinical research, missing data often result in biased results and may even completely reverse the research conclusion.<span>²</span> Therefore, I wonder whether this effect had been taken into account in data processing? Tipping-point<span>³</span> would be recommended to test the effect of missing data. If it had been used in this study, will the result be reversed at a certain level?</p><p>Secondly, as more patients discontinued the study in the intervention group compared with the control group, could you please describe the reasons in detail? If the exercise programme itself is difficult for the old, will the promotion be restricted in the future?</p><p>Lastly, is there any differences in the characteristics of missing patients between the control group and the intervention group? It is possible that those who can persist 3 months in the intervention group already have better functional capacity. So the significance of intervention observed in the study might partly resulted from the follow-up bias. Especially on the premise of the small sample and high rate of dropouts, the consistency of results might be affected.</p><p>In summary, it is hoped that the above-mentioned issues can be pondered in favour of consolidating the findings of Álvaro Casas-Herrero et al. and can better guide clinical decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2454"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10476951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevotella copri alleviates sarcopenia via attenuating muscle mass loss and function decline","authors":"Xiaolei Liu,&nbsp;Jiqiu Wu,&nbsp;Jingyi Tang,&nbsp;Zhigang Xu,&nbsp;Bailing Zhou,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Fengjuan Hu,&nbsp;Gongchang Zhang,&nbsp;Rui Cheng,&nbsp;Xin Xia,&nbsp;Yilong Chen,&nbsp;Hongyu Wu,&nbsp;Daoming Wang,&nbsp;Jirong Yue,&nbsp;Biao Dong,&nbsp;Jingyuan Fu,&nbsp;Haopeng Yu,&nbsp;Birong Dong","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13313","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13313","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The gut microbiome and fecal metabolites have been found to influence sarcopenia, but whether there are potential bacteria that can alleviate sarcopenia has been under-investigated, and the molecular mechanism remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the relationships between the gut microbiome, fecal metabolites and sarcopenia, subjects were selected from observational multi-ethnic study conducted in Western China. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2014. The gut microbiome was profiled by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed to analyse the differences in fecal metabolites. We investigated bacterium with the greatest relative abundance difference between healthy individuals and sarcopenia patients, and the differences in metabolites associated with the bacteria, to verify its effects on muscle mass and function in a mouse model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 283 participants (68.90% females, mean age: 66.66 years old) with and without sarcopenia (141 and 142 participants, respectively) and from the Han (98 participants), Zang (88 participants) and Qiang (97 participants) ethnic groups. This showed an overall reduction (15.03% vs. 20.77%, <i>P</i> = 0.01) of <i>Prevotella copri</i> between the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia subjects across the three ethnic groups. Functional characterization of the differential bacteria showed enrichment (odds ratio = 15.97, <i>P</i> = 0.0068) in branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in non-sarcopenia group. A total of 13 BCAA and their derivatives have relatively low levels in sarcopenia. In the in vivo experiment, we found that the blood BCAA level was higher in the mice gavaged with live <i>P. copri</i> (LPC) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The LPC mice had significantly longer wire and grid hanging time (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.02), longer time on rotor (<i>P</i> = 0.0001) and larger grip strength (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001), indicating better muscle function. The weight of gastrocnemius mass and rectus femoris mass (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) was higher in LPC mice. The micro-computed tomography showed a larger leg area (<i>P</i> = 0.0031), and a small animal analyser showed a higher lean mass ratio in LPC mice (<i>P</i> = 0.0157), indicating higher muscle mass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicated that there were lower levels of both <i>P. copri</i> and BCAA in sarcopenia individuals. In viv","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2275-2288"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10565657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic role of radiomics-based body composition analysis for the 1-year survival for hepatocellular carcinoma patients","authors":"Sylvia Saalfeld,&nbsp;Robert Kreher,&nbsp;Georg Hille,&nbsp;Uli Niemann,&nbsp;Mattes Hinnerichs,&nbsp;Osman Öcal,&nbsp;Kerstin Schütte,&nbsp;Christoph J. Zech,&nbsp;Christian Loewe,&nbsp;Otto van Delden,&nbsp;Vincent Vandecaveye,&nbsp;Chris Verslype,&nbsp;Bernhard Gebauer,&nbsp;Christian Sengel,&nbsp;Irene Bargellini,&nbsp;Roberto Iezzi,&nbsp;Thomas Berg,&nbsp;Heinz J. Klümpen,&nbsp;Julia Benckert,&nbsp;Antonio Gasbarrini,&nbsp;Holger Amthauer,&nbsp;Bruno Sangro,&nbsp;Peter Malfertheiner,&nbsp;Bernhard Preim,&nbsp;Jens Ricke,&nbsp;Max Seidensticker,&nbsp;Maciej Pech,&nbsp;Alexey Surov","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13315","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13315","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parameters of body composition have prognostic potential in patients with oncologic diseases. The aim of the present study was to analyse the prognostic potential of radiomics-based parameters of the skeletal musculature and adipose tissues in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Radiomics features were extracted from a cohort of 297 HCC patients as post hoc sub-study of the SORAMIC randomized controlled trial. Patients were treated with selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in combination with sorafenib or with sorafenib alone yielding two groups: (1) sorafenib monotherapy (<i>n</i> = 147) and (2) sorafenib and SIRT (<i>n</i> = 150). The main outcome was 1-year survival. Segmentation of muscle tissue and adipose tissue was used to retrieve 881 features. Correlation analysis and feature cleansing yielded 292 features for each patient group and each tissue type. We combined 9 feature selection methods with 10 feature set compositions to build 90 feature sets. We used 11 classifiers to build 990 models. We subdivided the patient groups into a train and validation cohort and a test cohort, that is, one third of the patient groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used the train and validation set to identify the best feature selection and classification model and applied it to the test set for each patient group. Classification yields for patients who underwent sorafenib monotherapy an accuracy of 75.51% and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7576 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6376–0.8776). For patients who underwent treatment with SIRT and sorafenib, results are accuracy = 78.00% and AUC = 0.8032 (95% CI: 0.6930–0.9134).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parameters of radiomics-based analysis of the skeletal musculature and adipose tissue predict 1-year survival in patients with advanced HCC. The prognostic value of radiomics-based parameters was higher in patients who were treated with SIRT and sorafenib.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2301-2309"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10021294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}