Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle最新文献

{"title":"Association between the 110-kDa C-terminal agrin fragment and skeletal muscle decline among community-dwelling older women","authors":"Kuniyasu Kamiya,&nbsp;Takahiro Tachiki,&nbsp;Yuho Sato,&nbsp;Katsuyasu Kouda,&nbsp;Etsuko Kajita,&nbsp;Junko Tamaki,&nbsp;Sadanobu Kagamimori,&nbsp;Masayuki Iki","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13309","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13309","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) is a biomarker for neuromuscular junction degradation. This study aimed to investigate whether 110-kDa CAF (CAF110) was associated with the presence and incidence of low muscle mass and strength.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional retrospective cohort study comprised women aged ≥65 years. We measured muscle mass using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner, hand-grip strength, and blood sampling between 2011 and 2012. A follow-up study with the same measurements was conducted between 2015 and 2017. Low muscle mass and strength were defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass index &lt;5.4 kg/m² and hand-grip strength &lt;18 kg, respectively. The CAF110 level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 515 women (74.3 ± 6.3 years) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Of these, 101 (19.6%) and 128 (24.9%) women presented with low muscle mass and strength, respectively. For low muscle mass, the odds ratios (ORs) of the middle and highest CAF110 tertile groups, compared with the lowest group, were 1.93 (95% confidence interval: 1.09–3.43; <i>P</i> = 0.024) and 2.15 (1.22–3.80; <i>P</i> = 0.008), respectively. After adjusting for age, the ORs remained significant: 1.98 (1.11–3.52; <i>P</i> = 0.020) and 2.27 (1.28–4.03; <i>P</i> = 0.005), respectively. Low muscle strength ORs of all the CAF110 tertile groups were not significant. In the longitudinal analysis, 292 and 289 women were assessed for incidents of low muscle mass and strength, respectively. Of those, 34 (11.6%) and 20 (6.9%) women exhibited low muscle mass and strength, respectively. For incident low muscle mass, the crude OR of the CAF110 ≥ the median value group was marginally higher than that of the CAF110 &lt; median value group (median [interquartile range]: 1.98 [0.94–4.17] (<i>P</i> = 0.072). After adjusting for age and baseline muscle mass, the OR was 2.22 [0.97–5.06] (<i>P</i> = 0.058). All low muscle strength ORs of the median categories of CAF110 were not significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CAF110 was not associated with low muscle strength. However, CAF110 may be a potential marker for the incidence of low muscle mass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2253-2263"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of automated segmentation of 3D computed-tomography scans for volumetric body composition analysis","authors":"Dinh Van Chi Mai,&nbsp;Ioanna Drami,&nbsp;Edward T. Pring,&nbsp;Laura E. Gould,&nbsp;Phillip Lung,&nbsp;Karteek Popuri,&nbsp;Vincent Chow,&nbsp;Mirza F. Beg,&nbsp;Thanos Athanasiou,&nbsp;John T. Jenkins,&nbsp;the BiCyCLE Research Group","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13310","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Automated computed tomography (CT) scan segmentation (labelling of pixels according to tissue type) is now possible. This technique is being adapted to achieve three-dimensional (3D) segmentation of CT scans, opposed to single L3-slice alone. This systematic review evaluates feasibility and accuracy of automated segmentation of 3D CT scans for volumetric body composition (BC) analysis, as well as current limitations and pitfalls clinicians and researchers should be aware of. OVID Medline, Embase and grey literature databases up to October 2021 were searched. Original studies investigating automated skeletal muscle, visceral and subcutaneous AT segmentation from CT were included. Seven of the 92 studies met inclusion criteria. Variation existed in expertise and numbers of humans performing ground-truth segmentations used to train algorithms. There was heterogeneity in patient characteristics, pathology and CT phases that segmentation algorithms were developed upon. Reporting of anatomical CT coverage varied, with confusing terminology. Six studies covered volumetric regional slabs rather than the whole body. One study stated the use of whole-body CT, but it was not clear whether this truly meant head-to-fingertip-to-toe. Two studies used conventional computer algorithms. The latter five used deep learning (DL), an artificial intelligence technique where algorithms are similarly organized to brain neuronal pathways. Six of seven reported excellent segmentation performance (Dice similarity coefficients &gt; 0.9 per tissue). Internal testing on unseen scans was performed for only four of seven algorithms, whilst only three were tested externally. Trained DL algorithms achieved full CT segmentation in 12 to 75 s versus 25 min for non-DL techniques. DL enables opportunistic, rapid and automated volumetric BC analysis of CT performed for clinical indications. However, most CT scans do not cover head-to-fingertip-to-toe; further research must validate using common CT regions to estimate true whole-body BC, with direct comparison to single lumbar slice. Due to successes of DL, we expect progressive numbers of algorithms to materialize in addition to the seven discussed in this paper. Researchers and clinicians in the field of BC must therefore be aware of pitfalls. High Dice similarity coefficients do not inform the degree to which BC tissues may be under- or overestimated and nor does it inform on algorithm precision. Consensus is needed to define accuracy and precision standards for ground-truth labelling. Creation of a large international, multicentre common CT dataset with BC ground-truth labels from multiple experts could be a robust solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"1973-1986"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-year change in sarcopenia was associated with cognitive impairment among haemodialysis patients","authors":"Yuqi Yang,&nbsp;Jingjing Da,&nbsp;Jing Yuan,&nbsp;Yan Zha","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13311","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13311","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study aimed to evaluate change in sarcopenia, its defining components over 1 year follow-up and investigate associations with subsequent cognitive decline, incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia among patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the multicentre, longitudinal study, 1117 HD patients aged 56.8 ± 14.3 years (654 men; and 463 women) from 17 dialysis centres in Guizhou Province, China, were recruited in 2019 and followed up for 1 year in 2020. Sarcopenia was diagnosed with Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria using appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) and handgrip strength (HGS). Body composition was measured using body composition monitor; body water, weight, and height were corrected to calculate ASMI. HGS was measured by mechanical handgrip dynamometer. Cognitive function was measured with Mini Mental State Examination. Multivariate linear, logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were employed to examine the associations of changes in sarcopenia, ASMI, and HGS with Mini Mental State Examination score change, and incident MCI, dementia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four hundred fourteen (37.1%) patients had sarcopenia at baseline; during 1 year follow-up, 257 (23.0%) developed MCI and 143 (12.8%) developed dementia. According to changes in sarcopenia, patients were stratified into four groups: non-sarcopenia; non-sarcopenia to sarcopenia; sarcopenia; and sarcopenia to non-sarcopenia. HD patients in sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia to sarcopenia groups had higher risk of MCI (34.8%, 32.0%, vs. 17.4%) and dementia (20.6%, 19.8%, vs. 8.7%), compared non-sarcopenia group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that sarcopenia [regression coefficients (<i>β</i>) −1.098, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.872, −0.324, <i>P</i> = 0.005] and non-sarcopenia to sarcopenia (<i>β</i> −1.826, −2.441, −1.212, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) were associated with faster cognitive decline compared to non-sarcopenia. HGS decline (<i>β</i> 0.046, 0.027–0.064, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and ASMI decline (<i>β</i> 0.236, 0.109–0.362, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) were both positively associated with cognitive decline. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that patients with sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia to sarcopenia were both at increased risk of developing MCI [odds ratio (OR) 1.788, 95% CI 1.115–2.870, <i>P</i> = 0.016 and OR 1.589, 95% CI 1.087–2.324, <i>P</i> = 0.017, respectively], but only non-sarcopenia to sarcopenia was at increased risk of dementia (OR 1.792, 95% CI 1.108–2.879, <i>P</i>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2264-2274"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10338685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cdon ablation in motor neurons causes age-related motor neuron degeneration and impaired sciatic nerve repair","authors":"Sunghee Kim,&nbsp;Subin An,&nbsp;Jinwoo Lee,&nbsp;Yideul Jeong,&nbsp;Chang-Lim You,&nbsp;Hyebeen Kim,&nbsp;Ju-Hyeon Bae,&nbsp;Chae-Eun Yun,&nbsp;Dongryul Ryu,&nbsp;Gyu-Un Bae,&nbsp;Jong-Sun Kang","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13308","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13308","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The functional deterioration and loss of motor neurons are tightly associated with degenerative motor neuron diseases and aging-related muscle wasting. Motor neuron diseases or aging-related muscle wasting in turn contribute to increased risk of adverse health outcomes in the elderly. Cdon (cell adhesion molecule-downregulated oncogene) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecule and plays essential roles in multiple signalling pathways, including sonic hedgehog (Shh), netrin, and cadherin-mediated signalling. Cdon as a Shh coreceptor plays a critical role in motor neuron specification during embryonic development. However, its role in adult motor neuron function is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hb9-Cre recombinase-driven motor neuron-specific Cdon deficient mice (mnKO) and a compound mutant mice (mnKO::SOD1^G93A) were generated to investigate the role of Cdon in motor neuron degeneration. Motor neuron regeneration was examined by using a sciatic nerve crush injury model. To investigate the phenotype, physical activity, compound muscle action potential, immunostaining, and transmission electron microscopy were carried out. In the mechanism study, RNA sequencing and RNA/protein analyses were employed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mice lacking Cdon in motor neurons exhibited middle age onset lethality and aging-related decline in motor function. In the sciatic nerve crush injury model, mnKO mice exhibited an impairment in motor function recovery evident by prolonged compound muscle action potential duration (4.63 ± 0.35 vs. 3.93 ± 0.22 s for f/f, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and physical activity. Consistently, neuromuscular junctions of mnKO muscles were incompletely occupied (49.79 ± 5.74 vs. 79.39 ± 3.77% fully occupied neuromuscular junctions for f/f, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001), suggesting an impaired reinnervation. The transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that mnKO sciatic nerves had smaller axon diameter (0.88 ± 0.13 vs. 1.43 ± 0.48 μm for f/f, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) and myelination defects. RNA sequencing of mnKO lumbar spinal cords showed alteration in genes related to neurogenesis, inflammation and cell death. Among the altered genes, ErbB4 and FgfR expressions were significantly altered in mnKO as well as in Cdon-depleted NSC34 motor neuron cells. Consistently, Cdon-depleted NSC34 cells exhibited elevated levels of cleaved Caspase3 and γH2AX proteins, as well as Bax transcription. Cdon-depleted NSC34 cells also exhibited impaired activation of Akt in response to neuregulin-1 (NRG1) treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2239-2252"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10320566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AAV1.NT-3 gene therapy in the SOD1KO mouse model of accelerated sarcopenia","authors":"Lingying Tong,&nbsp;Burcak Ozes,&nbsp;Kyle Moss,&nbsp;Morgan Myers,&nbsp;Alicia Ridgley,&nbsp;Zarife Sahenk","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13303","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13303","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia, an age-related loss of muscle mass, is a critical factor that affects the health of the older adults. The SOD1KO mouse is deficient of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, used as an accelerated aging model. We previously showed that NT-3 improves muscle fibre size by activating the mTOR pathway, suggesting a potential for attenuating age-related muscle loss. This study assessed the therapeutic efficacy of AAV1.NT-3 in this accelerated aging model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twelve 6 months old SOD1KO mice were injected intramuscularly with a 1 × 10¹¹ vg dose of AAV1.tMCK.NT-3, and 13 age-matched SOD1KO mice were used as controls. The treatment effect was evaluated using treadmill, rotarod and gait analyses as well as histological studies assessing changes in muscle fibre, and fibre type switch, in tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and triceps muscles, and myelin thickness by calculating G ratio in sciatic and tibial nerves. Molecular studies involved qPCR experiments to analyse the expression levels of mitochondrial and glycolysis markers and western blot experiments to assess the activity of mTORC1 pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment resulted in a 36% (154.9 vs. 114.1; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) and 76% increase (154.3 vs. 87.6; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) in meters ran, with treadmill test at 3 and 6 months post gene delivery. In addition, the treated cohort stayed on rotarod 30% (52.7 s vs. 40.4 s; <i>P</i> = 0.0095) and 54% (50.4 s vs. 32.7 s; <i>P</i> = 0.0007) longer, compared with untreated counterparts at 3 and 6 months post injection. Gait analysis, performed at endpoint, showed that stride width was normalized to wild type levels (29.3 mm) by an 11% decrease, compared with untreated cohort (28.6 mm vs. 32.1 mm; <i>P</i> = 0.0014). Compared with wild-type, SOD1KO mice showed 9.4% and 11.4% fibre size decrease in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles, respectively, which were normalized to wild type levels with treatment. Fibre diameter increase was observed prominently in FTG fibre type. G ratio analysis revealed hypomyelination in the tibial (0.721) and sciatic (0.676) nerves of SOD1KO model, which was reversed in the NT-3 cohort (0.646 and 0.634, respectively). Fibre size increase correlated with the increase in the p-S6 and p-4E-BP1 levels, and in the glycolysis markers in tibialis anterior. Alterations observed in the mitochondrial markers were not rescued with treatment. Overall, response to NT-3 was subdued in gastrocnemius muscle.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclu","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2204-2215"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: ‘Triceps skinfold-albumin index significantly predicts the prognosis of cancer cachexia: A multicentre cohort study’ by Yin et al.","authors":"Ping'an Ding,&nbsp;Haotian Wu,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Wu,&nbsp;Chenyu Sun,&nbsp;Muzi Meng,&nbsp;Peigang Yang,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Lingjiao Meng,&nbsp;Qun Zhao","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13304","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study by Yin et al.<span>¹</span> is greatly appreciated for their contributions to research, particularly in developing the triceps skinfold-albumin index (TA). This new comprehensive index combines fat mass and nutritional status to evaluate malnutrition and has been identified as independently associated with the prognosis of patients with cancer cachexia. Yin et al.<span>¹</span> successfully identified different cut-off values of TA for each gender, which divided patients into normal and low groups. The different groups showed significant differences in prognostic effects, with normal TA patients being significantly associated with lower mortality and the opposite association found for lower TA patients. Additionally, TA demonstrated a wide discrimination performance for the prognosis of patients of all ages. This study is particularly meaningful for two main reasons. Firstly, despite being calculated by only two sample parameters, TA's accuracy for predicting the prognosis of patients with cancer cachexia is higher than that of previous predictive indices, such as NRI, PNI, and SII. Furthermore, TA is cost-effective and easy to use. Secondly, the gender-specific cut-off values of TA are consistent with the differences in nutrition between men and women. Moreover, this prospective, large sample, and geographically multi-centre cohort study ensures reliable confirmation of the results. Therefore, based on these aspects, TA may be considered a clinically meaningful and promising indicator for predicting the prognosis of patients with cancer cachexia.</p><p>Nonetheless, the generalizability of the previous findings of TA was not confirmed in patients with diverse cancer types or undergoing various treatments. To address this gap, we investigated the clinical applicability of TA as a predictive tool for cancer cachexia in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) across multiple prospective cohorts (NCT01516944, NCT02555358, NCT03349866, and NCT01962246) registered in our institution. The study included 1266 LAGC patients, of which 898 (70.93%) had complete serum albumin values and detailed triceps skinfold thickness (mm) data. Of these patients, 188 (20.94%) were diagnosed with cancer cachexia based on the 2011 International Consensus on Cancer Cachexia criteria outlined by Fearon et al.<span>²</span> The median age of the patients diagnosed with cancerous cachexia was 60 years (interquartile range [IQR], 35–77), with 125 (66.49%) males and 63 (33.51%) females. Our analysis revealed that mean TA was lower in males than in females in the cohort (51.8 vs. 56.3). We stratified the patients into high and low TA groups based on the optimal cut-off values (male: TA &lt; 45.6, female: TA &lt; 49.9) established in the previous study by Yin et al.<span>¹</span> Out of 188 patients, 57 (30.32%) were classified in the low TA group. During a median follow-up of 65.8 months (12.9–109.7 months), 2","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2446-2448"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9945333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight-adjusted waist as an integrated index for fat, muscle and bone health in adults","authors":"Kyoung Jin Kim,&nbsp;Serhim Son,&nbsp;Kyeong Jin Kim,&nbsp;Sin Gon Kim,&nbsp;Nam Hoon Kim","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13302","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13302","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Unhealthy body composition, including high fat mass, low muscle mass and low bone mass, is a critical health issue in adults. The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) estimates fat and muscle mass and may have implications for bone health. We examined its association with body composition outcomes in a large Korean adult cohort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011). WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of body weight (kg). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD), appendicular lean mass (ALM) and total body fat percentage. Unhealthy body composition was defined as combined presence of high fat mass, low bone mass and low muscle mass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 5983 individuals (3034 men [50.7%] and 2949 women [49.3%]; mean age: 63.5 ± 8.7 years) were included. WWI was positively correlated with total body fat percentage (<i>r</i> = 0.478, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and inversely with ALM/weight (<i>r</i> = −0.485, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and BMD at the lumbar spine (<i>r</i> = −0.187, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), femoral neck (<i>r</i> = −0.269, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and total hip (<i>r</i> = −0.255, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Higher WWI quartiles correlated with lower BMD, T-scores and ALM/weight, along with increased total body fat, evident in both genders and more pronounced in women, even after adjusting for confounders. This trend remained statistically significant across WWI quartiles for all analyses (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Higher WWI quartiles were also significantly associated with higher odds of unhealthy body composition, with adjusted odds ratio in the highest WWI group of 18.08 (95% CI, 4.32–75.61) in men and 6.36 (95% CI, 3.65–11.07) in women. The optimal cutoff values of WWI for unhealthy body composition were 10.4 cm/√kg in men and 10.5 cm/√kg in women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In community-dwelling adults, high WWI values are associated with unfavourable body composition outcomes, indicating high fat mass, low muscle mass and low bone mass. WWI can potentially serve as an integrated index of body composition, underscoring the need for further research to validate its use in clinical settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2196-2203"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9945330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of malignant ascites with systemic inflammation and muscle loss after treatment in advanced-stage ovarian cancer","authors":"Chia-Sui Weng,&nbsp;Wan-Chun Huang,&nbsp;Chih-Long Chang,&nbsp;Ya-Ting Jan,&nbsp;Tze-Chien Chen,&nbsp;Jie Lee","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13289","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13289","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Malignant ascites is prevalent in advanced-stage ovarian cancer and may facilitate identification of the drivers of muscle loss. This study aimed to evaluate the association of ascites with changes in systemic inflammation and muscle after treatment of advanced-stage ovarian cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We evaluated 307 patients with advanced-stage (III/IVA) ovarian cancer who underwent primary debulking surgery and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy between 2010 and 2019. The changes in skeletal muscle index (SMI) and radiodensity (SMD) were measured using pre-surgery and post-chemotherapy portal-venous phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans at L3. Systemic inflammation was measured using albumin levels, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Primary endpoint was the changes in SMI and SMD after treatment. Linear regression analysis was used to test associations between muscle change and other covariates. Mediation analysis was used to determine the mediator.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median (range) age was 53 (23–83) years. The median duration (range) of follow-up was 5.2 (1.1–11.3) years. Overall, 187 (60.9%) patients had ascites. The changes in muscle and systemic inflammatory markers after treatment were significantly different between patients with and without ascites (SMI: −3.9% vs. 2.2%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; SMD: −4.0% vs. −0.4%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; albumin: −4.4% vs. 2.1%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; PNI: −8.4% vs. −0.1%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; NLR: 20.6% vs. −29.4%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; and PLR: 1.7% vs. −19.4%, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The changes in SMI and SMD were correlated with the changes in albumin, PNI, NLR, and PLR (all <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). In multiple linear regression, ascites and NLR changes were negatively while albumin change was positively correlated with SMI change (ascites: β = −3.19, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; NLR change: β = −0.02, <i>P</i> = 0.003; albumin change: β = 0.37, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Ascites and NLR changes were negatively while PNI change was positively correlated with SMD change (ascites: β = −1.28, <i>P</i> = 0.02; NLR change: β = −0.02, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; PNI change: β = 0.11, <i>P</i> = 0.04). In mediation analysis, ascites had a direct effect on SMI change (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and an indirect effect mediated by NLR change (indirect effects = −1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.22 to −1.08) and albumin change (indirect effects = −2.92, 95% CI: −4.01 to −1.94). Ascites had a direct effect on SMD change (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and an indirect eff","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2114-2125"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9881316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on 'Hand grip strength-based cachexia index as a predictor of cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer' by Xie et al.","authors":"Ping'an Ding,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Wu,&nbsp;Haotian Wu,&nbsp;Chenyu Sun,&nbsp;Muzi Meng,&nbsp;Scott Lowe,&nbsp;Yuan Tian,&nbsp;Honghai Guo,&nbsp;Lingjiao Meng,&nbsp;Qun Zhao","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13298","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study conducted by Xie et al.<span>¹</span> caught our attention, and we extend our gratitude for their valuable contribution. Measuring skeletal muscle index can be costly and tedious. Xie et al. proposed an alternative by using hand grip strength (HGS) to establish a new composite index, HGS-based cachexia index (CXI) (H-CXI), which is calculated as [HGS (kg)/height (m)2 × serum albumin (g/L)]/neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The H-CXI proved to be a rapid and accurate assessment tool, which can effectively evaluate the risk of cachexia and clinical outcome in cancer patients. The study revealed that H-CXI is independently associated with patient prognosis and is linked to age, pathological stage, systemic inflammation, and nutritional status. Low H-CXI was found to be an independent predictor of cachexia and prognosis in cancer patients. Moreover, H-CXI has shown to be a better prognosis evaluation tool for patients with the same pathological stage. In light of these findings, H-CXI is an economic and procedural advantage over the original CXI, is a comprehensive indicator, and is a multi-centre, prospective, large-sample study that provides reliable results. H-CXI has a reliable clinical effect and a broad clinical prospect in predicting prognosis and cancer cachexia.</p><p>It was found that the study analysed tumours of varying types with different pathological factors, potentially impacting the outcome. Additionally, the study lacked a prospective approach with rigorous inclusion criteria to evaluate the clinical applicability of H-CXI. Thus, a cohort study with registration number NCT01516944 was conducted to explore the clinical applicability of H-CIX as a predictor of cancer cachexia and prognosis among patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). The study prospectively enrolled 290 LAGC patients who underwent direct radical surgical resection, of whom 111 (38.28%) had complete serologic and anthropometric data. The cohort primarily composed of males (62.16%) with a mean age of 58 years. Based on the optimal cut-off value for H-CXI from a previous study, 61 (54.95%) patients were categorized into the high H-CXI group and the remaining 50 (45.05%) into the low H-CXI group. During the follow-up period with a median duration of 64.9 months, 21 (18.92%) patients developed cancer cachexia, and patients in the high H-CXI group had a significantly lower risk of developing cancer cachexia than those in the low H-CXI group (11.48% vs. 28.00%, <i>P</i> = 0.027). Furthermore, patients in the high H-CXI group showed significantly better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates than those in the low H-CXI group (OS: 59.02% vs. 36.00%, <i>P</i> = 0.0043; DFS: 54.10% vs. 26.00%, <i>P</i> = 0.0024). Moreover, subgroup analysis revealed better 5-year OS and DFS rates for patients with high H-CXI at all pathological stages. Thus, the study found that H-CXI effectively predicted the prognosis and the risk of de","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2449-2451"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9883343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underweight status and development of end-stage kidney disease: A nationwide population-based study","authors":"Chang Seong Kim,&nbsp;Tae Ryom Oh,&nbsp;Sang Heon Suh,&nbsp;Hong Sang Choi,&nbsp;Eun Hui Bae,&nbsp;Seong Kwon Ma,&nbsp;Bongseong Kim,&nbsp;Kyung-Do Han,&nbsp;Soo Wan Kim","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.13297","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jcsm.13297","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Underweight status increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population. However, whether underweight status is associated with an increased risk of developing end-stage kidney disease is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 9 845 420 participants aged ≥20 years who underwent health checkups were identified from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database and analysed. Individuals with underweight (body mass index [BMI] &lt; 18.5 kg/m²) and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) were categorized according to the World Health Organization recommendations for Asian populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During a mean follow-up period of 9.2 ± 1.1 years, 26 406 participants were diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease. After fully adjusting for other potential predictors, the moderate to severe underweight group (&lt;17 kg/m²) had a significantly higher risk of end-stage kidney disease than that of the reference (normal) weight group (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.563; 95% confidence interval, 1.337–1.828), and competing risk analysis to address the competing risk of death also showed the similar results (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.228; 95% confidence interval, 1.042–1.448). Compared with that of the reference BMI group (24–25 kg/m²), the adjusted hazard ratios for end-stage kidney disease increased as the BMI decreased by 1 kg/m². In the sensitivity analysis, sustained underweight status or progression to underweight status over two repeated health checkups, when compared with normal weight status, had a higher hazard ratio for end-stage kidney disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Underweight status is associated with an increased risk of end-stage kidney disease, and this association gradually strengthens as BMI decreases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":186,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle","volume":"14 5","pages":"2184-2195"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jcsm.13297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9938242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}