Katja Kolcio, Marta O Pyvovarenko, Vladyslav Klochkov, Scott Loucks Johnston, Bruce E Crow
{"title":"Blurred distinctions: Shared stresses and resilience among Ukrainian military and civilians during war with Russia.","authors":"Katja Kolcio, Marta O Pyvovarenko, Vladyslav Klochkov, Scott Loucks Johnston, Bruce E Crow","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2687898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2687898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Russia's 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine has precipitated the largest and most destructive conflict in Europe since World War II, yet traditional notions of linear battlefields and clearly delineated combatants no longer apply. Russia's widespread use of drones, precision-guided munitions, digital disinformation, ecocide, and systematic attacks on civilian infrastructure has dispersed the risk of death and injuries across the entire Ukrainian population. The close proximity of major population centers to active combat, the large proportion of Ukrainians mobilized as military personnel or first responders, and the persistent threat of drone and missile strikes further blur distinctions between combatants and noncombatants. The U.S. military is incorporating strategic and tactical lessons from this conflict into its doctrine for large-scale combat operations (LSCO) with near peer adversaries, including revised approaches to battlefield healthcare and combat stress control. This case study examines current wartime conditions in Ukraine from a psychological perspective, identifies shared and unique war stressors among Ukrainian military personnel and civilians, and discusses Ukraine's actions to mitigate these stressors. The analysis synthesizes peer-reviewed research, governmental and non-governmental reports, technical documents, news media reports, and field observations. Current U.S. doctrine for managing combat stress has a relatively narrow focus, emphasizing actions at the military unit level. In contrast, the Ukrainian experience illustrates the need for a whole-of-society approach for LSCO level warfare. Insights from Ukraine offer critical understanding of the psychological demands of LSCO and can inform future U.S. doctrine, training, and policies for high-intensity conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren Blackwell Landon, Alexa D Baxley, Suzanne T Bell, Alexander C Stahn, Dale W Russell, Peter G Roma
{"title":"A brief Meaningful Work and Enjoyment Scale (MeWES) for extreme operational environments.","authors":"Lauren Blackwell Landon, Alexa D Baxley, Suzanne T Bell, Alexander C Stahn, Dale W Russell, Peter G Roma","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2687217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2687217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals working in extreme operational environments face sustained psychological and physiological stressors that can degrade wellbeing and performance. This study presents the development and validation of the Meaningful Work and Enjoyment Scale (MeWES), a brief measure designed to assess the extent to which individuals perceive their work as meaningful and enjoyable in isolated, confined, and high-demand settings. Grounded in the job demands-resources model and theories of resilience and engagement, the MeWES was evaluated across three populations: Antarctic expedition personnel, senior US Navy officers, and participants in NASA's Human Exploration Research Analog. The final six-item version of the MeWES demonstrated strong internal consistency, unidimensional structure, and convergent validity with the Work and Meaning Inventory. Predictive validity was established through significant relationships with morale, career satisfaction, affect, team cohesion, and performance. Incremental validity analyses indicated that the MeWES explains unique variance in key psychological and team outcomes beyond existing measures of work meaning. Findings support the role of meaningful work as a psychological resource that promotes resilience and enhances individual and team functioning in extreme contexts. The MeWES provides a practical measure for research and applied interventions aimed at sustaining human performance and wellbeing in operational environments characterized by prolonged stress and isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Substance use risk following trauma in military settings: Does organizational trust play a moderating role?","authors":"Blessing Nneka Onyekachi, Sophia Onyinyechi Ijeh, JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji, Ethelbert Chukwudi Agu, Elisha John Igwe","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2689006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2689006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although trauma has been widely documented as a key risk factor for substance use among military personnel, there is a notable paucity of research on the factors that may mitigate trauma-related substance use in this population. The present study examined the moderating role of organizational trust in the relationship between psychological trauma and substance use among military personnel in Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional design, 250 military personnel aged between 26 and 60 years (mean age = 34.99 years, SD = 9.23; males = 187 [74.8%], females = 63 [25.2%]) were conveniently sampled from a military formation in South-eastern Nigeria. Participants completed relevant measures. Results indicated that psychological trauma was positively associated with substance use, whereas, organizational trust had a negative relationship with substance use, and also moderated the relationship between psychological trauma and substance use. Specifically, individuals with higher levels of organizational trust reported fewer issues with substance use due to their trauma, suggesting that the presence of organizational trust mitigated the impact of psychological trauma on the use of substance among military personnel. Thus interventions designed to reduce the negative impacts of psychological trauma should focus on fostering and reinforcing a sense of trust in the military while taking into consideration individual characteristics and experiences of military personnel in order to maximize the effectiveness of the intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eileen P Barden, Maya Zegel, Jenna Dunham, Faith O Nomamiukor, Johanna Thompson-Hollands
{"title":"Couple's conflict among veterans seeking PTSD treatment.","authors":"Eileen P Barden, Maya Zegel, Jenna Dunham, Faith O Nomamiukor, Johanna Thompson-Hollands","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2664931","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2664931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are established links between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and greater conflict among couples with a veteran partner. While there is literature on couples' conflict generally, few studies have identified different conflict themes for veteran couples where one member is seeking treatment for PTSD. This study aimed to explore specific conflict themes among these couples and potential dyadic concordance in conflict themes. The current study examined self-reported themes of conflict among 137 veterans seeking PTSD treatment and their romantic partners (61 matched dyads and 15 unmatched individuals). Thematic analysis of qualitative responses identified 23 unique conflict themes, with categories related to relationship dynamics (e.g. communication, trust) and PTSD and mental health (e.g. hypervigilance, substance use). The five most frequently reported conflict themes were finances, communication, parenting and family, emotion regulation and expression, and anger. Concordance analyses demonstrated most couples matched on either one (47.3%) or two (23.6%) themes, with only 3.6% matching on all three and 25.5% of couples with zero matches. Couples demonstrated good reliability with one another on frequency of arguments (ICC = .74), but poor reliability (ICC = .41) on agreement as to whether their arguments were related to PTSD. Findings contribute to our understanding of how couples with a veteran partner may perceive conflict in the context of PTSD. Given all veterans were treatment seeking, these conflict themes between couples may be highly relevant to address in trauma-focused treatment. Clinically, conflict management skills and PTSD-focused psychoeducation could be beneficial in reducing couple conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13291845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tracy Jill Doty, Beza Negash, Chloe Fong, Michael A Fajuyigbe, Gabrielle C Stephens, John Hughes, Kajsa Carlsson, Lonique Moore, Thomas Balkin
{"title":"The effects of severe sleep deprivation and subsequent recovery sleep on anxiety.","authors":"Tracy Jill Doty, Beza Negash, Chloe Fong, Michael A Fajuyigbe, Gabrielle C Stephens, John Hughes, Kajsa Carlsson, Lonique Moore, Thomas Balkin","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2686900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2686900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-Scale Combat Operations (LSCOs) often involve severe sleep loss. To date, there has been little work on the extent to which anxiety is impacted by these conditions, and the rate at which recovery sleep reverses these effects. The aim of this study was to assess variations in anxiety across two consecutive nights of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and following one night of recovery sleep. Twenty-one healthy adults ranging from 18-33 years of age participated. Self-reported state anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). The STAI-S was administered at 1000, 1300, and 1600 over four days: 1) Baseline: day following one night of 8 hours time-in-bed (TIB), 2) TSD1: day following one night of TSD, 3) TSD2: day following two nights of TSD, 4) Recovery: day following 12 hours TIB after 62 hours of TSD. There was a significant main effect of Day, f(3,240) = 17.64, <i>p</i> < .0001. Post-hoc tests revealed that anxiety was significantly increased after one night of TSD compared to baseline and this further increased after two nights of TSD (<i>p</i> < .01). Anxiety level was restored to baseline following a single night of recovery sleep. These results demonstrate the adverse impact sleep loss has on state anxiety. Additionally, they also suggest that a single 12-hour TIB period is sufficient to reverse the adverse effect of acute, severe sleep deprivation on state anxiety - a finding that has implications for determining appropriate \"recycle rates\" (duration between missions) for Soldiers and others involved in continuous operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Associations between psychological strengths and PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms among Israeli female veterans: A network approach.","authors":"Gadi Zerach","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2687215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2687215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Female veterans who serve in combat roles encounter diverse and cumulative stressors, such as combat exposure and gender-based hostility, that heighten their risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety symptoms. However, little is known about the protective role of psychological strengths in mitigating these outcomes. This study applied a network analytic framework to examine the interrelations among psychological strengths, contextual stressors, and psychological distress, among Israeli female combat veterans. A sample of 450 Israeli female combat veterans completed online self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional design study. Results show a network with two distinct clusters representing psychological distress and psychological strengths, with dense within-cluster and weaker cross-cluster connections. Bridge analyses identified self-esteem and self-compassion as key psychological strengths negatively associated with PTSD and depression symptoms and positively connected with meaning, hope, and self-efficacy. Among psychological strengths, hope, self-esteem, and meaning-centered coping demonstrated the highest node centrality, highlighting their integrative role within the network of psychological strengths. Findings underscore that resilience among female combat veterans reflects the dynamic interplay of adaptive strengths, rather than the mere absence of symptoms. Self-esteem, self-compassion, and hope may be important correlates of lower distress and stronger psychological functioning among female combat veterans, warranting further longitudinal and intervention-based research.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emotional compartmentalization and functional grief: A phenomenological study of senior commanders in the Swords of Iron war.","authors":"Oren Cohen Zada","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2685855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2685855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This pilot study explores the phenomenological experience of 22 senior Israel Defense Forces (IDF) commanders who lost subordinates within their \"home base\" during the \"Swords of Iron\" War. Utilizing a phenomenological analysis, four themes were identified that define \"Functional Grief\" (1): The \"Command Box\" - a controlled suspension of emotion enabling balanced decision-making under fire; (2) The \"Dam Effect\" - the responsibility for collective stability and the fear of emotional contagion undermining unit cohesion; (3) Identity Dynamics - comprising the stoic \"day identity,\" the \"night identity\" that encounters the fallen, and the existence of \"twilight spaces\" allowing for controlled emotional leakage; and (4) Professional Translation of Loss - converting grief into operational data as a tool for maintaining a grip on reality. Findings reveal a \"Double Burden\" of managing personal grief alongside supportive functional duties within a breached sanctuary, which fundamentally challenges the commander's ontological security. The study recommends adopting a \"Command-Informed Support\" model that integrates peer groups and emotional respite protocols to strengthen the resilience of the systemic and professional echelons within the military.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan G Erbe, Issac Cho, James J Gross, David A Preece
{"title":"Spirituality and resilience among West Point cadets: The mediating role of emotional integration.","authors":"Ryan G Erbe, Issac Cho, James J Gross, David A Preece","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2685348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2685348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>West Point aims to develop cadets into future leaders of character. With this end in mind, the academy exposes cadets to a demanding 47-month experience meant to challenge and develop their resilience. Empirical studies have demonstrated a link between spirituality and resilience, including in military populations, and Army doctrine acknowledges this connection. However, the mechanisms behind this link remain unclear, and no work to date has examined this relationship among members of a service academy population. Across two studies with West Point cadets (<i>N</i> = 187, <i>N</i> = 282), we sought to address these gaps. In particular, we examined the potential mediating role that emotional integration - taking an interested stance toward one's emotional experience - may play in the link between daily spiritual experiences as a connection with a higher power and resilience. Across both studies, statistically significant positive correlations were found among spirituality, emotional integration, and resilience. A cross-sectional statistical mediation model showed that emotional integration significantly partially mediated the relationship between spirituality and resilience. Overall, these findings suggest that daily spiritual experiences of a connection with a higher power were positively associated with resilience and that emotional integration statistically accounts for part of this association. Limitations of the study include the cross-sectional design, with future longitudinal and experimental work therefore being important. Implications for leader development programs and future directions are shared.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148204808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline B Ames, Eizabeth L Wetzler, Michael D Matthews, Robert E McGrath
{"title":"The role of character strengths in predicting success and retention for United States Military Academy at West Point Cadets.","authors":"Caroline B Ames, Eizabeth L Wetzler, Michael D Matthews, Robert E McGrath","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2677311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2677311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several prior studies have attempted to predict aspects of performance in the distinctive population of students accepted for enrollment at the United States Military Academy at West Point. The present study investigated the incremental predictive value of character strengths and character strength factor scores over college admission cognitive test scores, grit, and conscientiousness. Outcomes included basic training and graduation retention and academic performance at graduation. Data were collected from 1,298 West Point Cadets who arrived in July 2007 as part of the West Point Class of 2011. Cognitive testing was a useful predictor of academic outcomes. Conscientiousness and to a lesser extent grit predicted retention and academic performance. Even after accounting for these variables, character strengths of self-regulation and perseverance proved predictive of retention and outcomes. One of the most interesting findings was that certain character strengths (creativity, bravery, and spirituality in particular) proved to be negatively related to outcomes. These findings suggest the potential value of character strengths as predictors of positive outcomes and as flags for students needing additional mentoring in this setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ofir Ohayon, Uzi Bechor, Nirit Yavnai, Jacob Rotschield, Leah Shelef
{"title":"Effectiveness of written exposure therapy in group therapy for veterans with PTSD.","authors":"Ofir Ohayon, Uzi Bechor, Nirit Yavnai, Jacob Rotschield, Leah Shelef","doi":"10.1080/08995605.2026.2682619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2026.2682619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combat exposure may lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although written exposure therapy (WET) is an effective individual treatment for PTSD in soldiers, there is limited evidence supporting its effectiveness in group therapy. This study aims to expand our knowledge on implementing WET in group therapy, specifically among a cohort of 45 Israeli combatants with PTSD following recent participation in the war after October 7, 2023. The group-therapy treatment spanned a total of 12 sessions, incorporating the original WET protocol of five consecutive weekly sessions. The PTSD Checklist (PCL-5), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Negative Mood Regulation Scale (NMR), and Group Cohesiveness Scale (GCS) were utilized before and after the total 12 sessions. Additionally, the Subjective Distress Units Scale (SUDS) assessed distress over the WET sessions. A repeated measures test evaluated the linear association of SUDS scores every week over the five WET sessions. Results revealed that distress symptoms decreased over the course of WET sessions, by means of SUDS score. The most notable reductions were observed between the fourth and fifth sessions. A significant difference in total PCL-5, NMR, and GCS was found before and after the 12 group sessions. All PCL-5 subscales showed significant decrease, while in DERS only the awareness subscale showed significant decrease. A linear trend was found between the end SUDS scores and the five WET sessions. The findings expand the growing literature on implementing WET in group therapy for combatants with PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18696,"journal":{"name":"Military Psychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148101566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}