Minerva endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: a narrative review of mechanisms and dietary recommendations.","authors":"Sebastián Chapela, Julieta Locatelli, Melannie Toral-Noristz, Facundo Saettone, Natalia Llobera, Santiago Bastidas, Melissa Sánchez, Cecilia Arteaga-Pazmiño, Peter Chedraui, Florencia Ceriani, Ludovica Verde, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Luigi Barrea","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04483-5","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04483-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menopause brings a series of endocrine changes that significantly increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition characterized by central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. In this context, the gut microbiota has gained relevance as a key modulating factor in the pathophysiology of MetS in postmenopausal women. The decline in estrogen levels affects microbial diversity and composition, promoting a dysbiotic environment marked by the loss of beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium spp., and an increase in proinflammatory, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing microorganisms, such as Proteobacteria and Escherichia coli. This imbalance leads to increased intestinal permeability and endotoxin translocation, triggering systemic low-grade inflammation associated with various MetS components. Clinical studies have identified correlations between specific microbial taxa, metabolites such as imidazole propionate and phenylacetylglutamine, and clinical markers of metabolic dysfunction. In this scenario, dietary intervention emerges as an effective therapeutic tool. Dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet - rich in polyphenols, fiber, and monounsaturated fats - have shown beneficial effects on gut microbiota modulation, enhancing short-chain fatty acid production, reducing inflammation, and improving metabolic homeostasis. Likewise, the DASH diet and plant-based dietary patterns have demonstrated potential in the prevention and management of MetS in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, the interaction between gut microbiota, metabolism, and postmenopausal hormonal changes represents a critical axis in the development of MetS. Personalized dietary approaches aimed at restoring eubiosis may offer an effective strategy to improve metabolic health in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18690,"journal":{"name":"Minerva endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"288-305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic and renal complications of obesity: an updated comprehensive overview by SIO - Campania region.","authors":"Renata Bracale, Ludovica Verde, Sonja Chiappetta, Giulia DE Alteriis, Monica Dentice, Martina Galasso, Maria S Lonardo, Gerardo Sarno, Davide Turchino, Claudia Vetrani, Silvia Savastano, Stefania Lucà, Luigi Barrea, Giovanna Muscogiuri","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6507.26.04454-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6507.26.04454-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, with its prevalence nearly tripling since 1975. It is now recognized as a chronic, relapsing disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to its strong relationship with several cardio-renal-metabolic conditions. This narrative review aims to explore the major obesity-related complications - namely obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) - highlighting their pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical consequences, and current therapeutic strategies. Obesity contributes to OSAS by increasing upper airway collapsibility and to MASLD through ectopic fat accumulation, insulin resistance, and inflammatory responses. Dyslipidemia in obesity is characterized by elevated triglycerides, small dense LDL particles, and low HDL-C, driven by chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. CKD progression, particularly obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG), is also mediated by metabolic and hemodynamic derangements, including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation and glomerular hyperfiltration. Therapeutic interventions such as lifestyle modification, pharmacological therapy - including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) - and bariatric surgery have shown efficacy not only in promoting weight loss but also in improving the clinical course of these obesity-related conditions. In particular, Very Low Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT) is emerging as a promising approach in improving metabolic parameters, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular risk factors. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to obesity is essential, focusing not only on weight loss but also on mitigating associated complications. Effective management can significantly improve patients' quality of life and reduce the long-term burden of obesity on healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18690,"journal":{"name":"Minerva endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical effects of apolipoprotein C3 inhibitors on triglyceride levels and pancreatitis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Walter Masson, Martín Lobo, Mara Mansur, Juan P Nogueira","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6507.26.04558-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-6507.26.04558-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Novel therapies targeting apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3) have recently emerged as promising treatment options for hypertriglyceridemia and have been evaluated in phase II and III randomized clinical trials. This study aimed to perform an updated meta-analysis to assess the effects of apoC3 inhibitors on triglyceride and apoC3 concentrations, as well as their impact on the risk of acute pancreatitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluating apoC3-targeting therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA. Outcomes of interest included changes in triglyceride and apoC3 levels and the incidence of acute pancreatitis. The analysis was performed in accordance with PRISMA recommendations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen randomized trials comprising 3,422 participants met the inclusion criteria. Treatment with apoC3 inhibitors resulted in significant reductions in triglyceride levels compared with placebo (mean difference -58.7%; 95% CI -62.3 to -55.1; I²=93.8%). Similarly, apoC3 concentrations were markedly decreased (mean difference -75.3%; 95% CI -80.3 to -70.3; I²=94.7%). In addition, these therapies were associated with a significantly lower risk of acute pancreatitis (odds ratio 0.20; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.40; I²=0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ApoC3-targeting therapies significantly reduce triglyceride and apoC3 levels in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and are associated with a reduced incidence of acute pancreatitis, supporting their potential role as an effective therapeutic strategy in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18690,"journal":{"name":"Minerva endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High bone mineral density in women with obesity who sustain a hip fracture: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Marco DI Monaco, Carlotta Castiglioni, Francesca Bardesono, Margherita Freiburger, Edoardo Milano, Chiara Busso, Marco A Minetto, Giuseppe Massazza","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04226-5","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04226-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the presence of obesity, high bone mineral density (BMD) seems not to protect against fragility fractures at selected body sites. The aim of this study was to compare femoral BMD in hip- fracture women with versus without obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At a median of 19 days after an original hip fracture due to fragility we measured BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the non-fractured femur. Densitometric osteoporosis was diagnosed with a T-score <-2.5. Obesity was defined with a Body Mass Index ≥30 kg/m².</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We studied 674 women. Mean T-scores were significantly higher in the 55 women with obesity than in the 619 without obesity, with a between-group difference of 0.79 (95% CI from 0.53 to 1.05, P<0.001). Adjustments for age, type of hip fracture, concomitant neurologic impairment, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and estimated glomerular filtration rate did not erase the significant association between obesity and high T-scores (P<0.001). A woman without obesity had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.7 (95% CI from 1.4 to 5.2, P=0.002) for having densitometric osteoporosis compared to a woman with obesity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BMD was higher in the hip-fracture women with versus without obesity. High BMD levels may not protect obese women against hip fractures and may falsely reassure patients and clinicians. To avoid underestimation of hip-fracture risk due to high BMD, we suggest an adjustment of risk calculation based on the 0.79 T-score difference between hip-fracture women with and without obesity. Adjustment validation by robust prospective studies is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18690,"journal":{"name":"Minerva endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dioxin, an endocrine disruptor, induces long term effects on DNA methylation in men after in-utero exposure.","authors":"Davide Sacco, Paolo Brambilla, Luciano Calzari, Rebecca Cavagnola, Giulia N Baldrighi, Lucy Costantino, Fulvio Ferrara, Stefano Signorini, Silvia Besana, Claudia Siracusa, Katya Cattaneo, Valerio Leoni, Paolo Mocarelli, Davide Gentilini","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04276-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04276-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prenatal exposure to dioxin, a known endocrine disruptor, after the Seveso accident of 1976 has been associated with thyroid dysfunction, metabolic syndrome and semen quality reduction. Experimental exposure to dioxin in utero produced epigenetic endocrine modifications associated with reduction of semen quality, while in men epigenetic effects are not known. Our objective was to study, by a case control approach, the long-term epigenetic effects of prenatal dioxin exposure in 38 men whose mothers had been exposed to high doses of dioxin, serum median 52.0 ppt at exposure, and therefore who were exposed in utero, median 24.7 ppt at pregnancy, vs. 41 unexposed men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bisulfite-converted DNA was hybridized onto illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip and methylation differences were studied at both individual probe (DMPs) and gene region (DMRs) levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified hypomethylation of the SPAG1 gene region and a slightly hypermethylated region containing genes of the HOXA family associated with thyroid and skeletal development. An elevated level of epigenetic drift was noted in the exposed group potentially contributing to disease risk. Epigenetic age acceleration did not show significant association with in-utero dioxin exposure. Additionally, we found heightened neutrophils and diminished natural killer cells in blood of dioxin exposed men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These observations are the first in the literature and align with the long-term semen quality reduction and alteration of thyroid homeostasic mechanisms reported in children exposed in utero to dioxin in Seveso. The actual dioxin background serum levels, 1.0-2.0 ppt, are much lower than those associated to these effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18690,"journal":{"name":"Minerva endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"150-160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of efficacy of drug therapy in type 2 diabetes: the role of microbiomes.","authors":"Yushan Li, Ziling He, Chunyan Li, Jing Huang, Zheng Yu","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04306-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04306-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the human body and has an impact on the physiological function of the host. In particular, changes in the gut microbiota are especially pronounced in patients with type 2 diabetes. There is ample evidence that glucose-lowering drugs exert their therapeutic effects precisely through their interactions with the gut microbiota, but there is a lack of summarization. An overall comparison of the effects of each hypoglycemic agent on the gut flora can provide new inspiration for combinations. In this paper, we selected several representative glucose-lowering drugs, such as metformin, sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 inhibitors (dapagliflozin), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide), and the traditional Chinese medicine (berberine), and illustrated how they can affect the disease process by regulating metabolic homeostasis, immune response, and gut barrier. We found that each of these four hypoglycemic agents can have conflicting effects on the gut flora depending on the timing and mode of administration. Meanwhile, the potential impact of gut microbiota on drug safety is explored, and an outlook for the optimization of future type 2 diabetes treatment regimens is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18690,"journal":{"name":"Minerva endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"224-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.","authors":"Gianni Testino","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04468-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04468-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18690,"journal":{"name":"Minerva endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"237-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145743283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between DXA-derived parameters of body composition and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with T2DM and prediabetic states.","authors":"Emil Fraenkel, Tomáš Koky, Samuel Štellmach, Ivica Lazúrová","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04312-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04312-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenic obesity is closely related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the independent contributions of lean mass and fat mass components to MASLD are not well understood. Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived soft tissue components and the extent of liver steatosis in patients with MASLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 118 obese/overweight patients aged 33-78 years, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes and MASLD, on oral antidiabetic medication was conducted. Sex-stratified correlation analysis was performed between DXA-derived lean mass and fat mass parameters, (e.g., relative muscle mass [RMM], lean mass/ fat mass [LM/FM] and appendicular lean mass [ALM]), as well as between each of those parameters and the hepatic steatosis index (HSI). Multiple linear regression models were fitted with android fat percentage as the dependent variable, and lean mass indices as independent variables. The models were adjusted for age, sex, the HOMA index, triglyceride and ALT levels. Accordingly, ROC curves were plotted with HSI=36 as a classifier of steatosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant negative correlation was detected between android fat % and RMM (r=-0,96, P≤0.001), between android fat percentage and ALM /BMI (r=-0.70, P≤0.001), between android fat percentage and ALM /height² (r=-0.28, P≤0.001); between HSI and RMM (r=-0.50, P≤0.001); and between HSI and ALM/BMI (r=-0.39, P≤0.001). The significant positive correlations were as follows: android fat percentage and BMI (r=0.53, P≤0.001); android fat % and ALT (r=0.25, P=0.04); HSI and android fat percentage (r=0.59, P≤0.001); HSI and gynoid fat % (r=0.39, P≤0.001). The AUCs for android fat percentage in the models calculated from LM/FM were as follows: adjusted for the HOMA index, age and sex group, ROC=0.748 (95% CI 0.66-0.83); adjusted for ALT and sex group, ROC=0.743 (95% CI 0.66-0.83). The AUC for android fat percentage in the model calculated from RMM: adjusted for triglycerides, ALT and sex group, ROC=0.741 (95% CI 0.65-0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that an increase in android fat distribution and a decrease in lean mass are positively associated with MASLD. The regression models support the utility of DXA-derived indices as practical, indirect markers of liver steatosis for clinical application in patients with TDM2 and MASLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18690,"journal":{"name":"Minerva endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"136-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of a dedicated referral and management algorithm in maternal hypothyroidism.","authors":"Jeremy A Knott, Michael J Bennett, Malgorzata M Brzozowska","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6507.24.04265-9","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6507.24.04265-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The significant risks of hypothyroidism during pregnancy can be mitigated through timely diagnosis and initiation of thyroxine to achieve a maternal euthyroid state. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of hospital endocrine services by assessing the rate of thyroxine commencement before the initial clinic appointment, the median gestational age at the first consultation, the rate of guideline-appropriate investigations, perinatal outcomes, and the proportion of referred patients who achieved their target thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels before and after implementing a dedicated referral and management pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective clinical audit was conducted using electronic medical records for the first fifty consecutive patients with hypothyroidism referred to the hospital clinic during two-time intervals: from April 1 to September 1, 2020 (pre-intervention) and from April 1 to September 1, 2021 (postintervention).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following the pathway implementation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of women with initially raised TSH who were prescribed thyroxine prior to the first clinic appointment (P=0.83). However, the first TSH measurement occurred earlier (median 5.5 vs. 6.5 weeks, P=0.011), and specialist reviews were conducted sooner (median 19 vs. 22 weeks, P=0.032). Significantly more women with elevated TSH underwent thyroid autoantibody testing postintervention (78% vs. 55.5%, P=0.035). There was no significant difference in perinatal outcomes. All women achieved their target TSH levels, with a median final TSH of 1.6 mIU/L (IQR: 1.2 to 2.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the proportion of referred patients achieving target TSH levels during pregnancy remained unchanged, certain measures of service efficiency improved. These included earlier TSH measurement, earlier endocrinologist review, and increased detection of thyroid autoantibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18690,"journal":{"name":"Minerva endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum uric acid and abdominal fat distribution quantified by computed tomography in Korean men: a single center study of 5144 cases.","authors":"Sungwon Ko, Su-Jin Choi, Young-Jee Jeon, Doo-Ho Lim","doi":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04366-0","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S2724-6507.25.04366-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Serum uric acid (UA), the end product of purine metabolism, has been implicated in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. While obesity, particularly visceral fat accumulation, is related with hyperuricemia, limited studies have explored the association between serum UA levels and the visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio as a novel marker of cardiometabolic risk. This study investigates the relationship between serum UA levels and abdominal fat distribution, focusing on the visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio in Korean men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed 5114 male participants who underwent serum UA measurement and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) as part of health examinations from 2014 to 2019. Visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were quantified using CT imaging, and the visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio was calculated. Participants were stratified into quartiles based on serum UA levels. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between serum UA levels and abdominal fat area and visceral fat/subcutaneous fat ratio were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher serum UA levels were significantly associated with increased visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area, and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Participants in the highest UA quartile demonstrated the greatest visceral fat accumulation and the highest visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratios. Multivariate analyses revealed that the association between serum UA and the visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio remained significant after adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated a positive correlation between serum UA levels and both visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat areas in Korean men. Furthermore, higher serum UA levels were positively correlated with the visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio, offering insights into its potential contribution to elevated cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":18690,"journal":{"name":"Minerva endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"118-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145636135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}