Microscopy Research and Technique最新文献

{"title":"Photochemically Activated Microbubble Emulsion, Nd: Yap Laser, and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Canal Disinfectants on Push-Out Bond Strength of Sealer to Root Dentin, Smear Layer, and Antibacterial Efficacy.","authors":"Badi Alotaibi, Sarah Salah Gaafar, Roqayah Aljuailan, Heba Lutf Ahmed Alawadhi, Hanin Alsalhi, Hanan Alharbi, Renad Sultan Alfaraidy, Ahlam Ahmed Ali Smran, Fayez Hussain Niazi","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effect of different root canal irrigation regimes microbubble emulsion (MBE) via riboflavin photosensitizer (RFP), cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles (NPs), and Nd: YAP laser on antibacterial efficiency, microhardness (MH), smear layer (SL) removal efficacy, and push-out bond strength (PBS) of AH plus sealer to canal dentin. Sixty single-rooted teeth were selected, disinfected, and categorized into four groups based on the type of disinfection. Following disinfection, a pair of samples were randomly selected and visualized under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for SL evaluation. Three samples from each disinfection group were mounted on a Vickers MH tester for hardness testing. A brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar plate was inoculated with a single colony of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and their survival rate was measured following different disinfecting regimes. The remaining samples were filled with gutta-percha (GP) and sectioned to evaluate PBS via universal testing machine (UTM), followed by failure analysis. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. The survival rate of E. faecalis was lowest for Group 3 (0.11 CFU/mL) with the highest MH values (49.72 ± 1.02 N/mm²). The PBS was highest for Group 3 cervical (11.54 ± 0.49 MPa) and middle third (11.12 ± 0.50 MPa). SL removal efficacy was comparable in groups 3 and 4 at the coronal and middle third. The application of CeO₂NPs as a canal irrigant in conjunction with EDTA resulted in enhanced bond values, demonstrating superior SL removal capabilities. This type of disinfection notably enhances the MH of canal dentin while demonstrating significant sterilization efficacy against E. faecalis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Effects of Root Canal Instrumentation on the Radicular Dentine.","authors":"Corina-Alexandra Brinza, Mihaela Salceanu, Anca Melian, Ionut Taraboanta, Ramona Cimpoesu, Cristian-Levente Giuroiu, Ion Sandu, Sorin Andrian","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One area of technological advancement has been the shift from stainless steel hand tools to nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary tools. This paper aims to perform an in vitro comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of five endodontic manual and rotary instruments such as Kerr files, Orodeka Plex V, ProTaper Flydent NiTi super files, and ProTaper Flydent NiTi super files in combination with an ultrasonic endodontic E3D Diamantata EMS scaler used for root canal shaping. The following aspects were highlighted: effective removal of smear layer (SL) from the dentinal tubules in the coronal 1/3, middle 1/3, and apical 1/3 of the root canal, appearance of cracks in the dentinal walls by SEM analysis, and highlighting of dentin mineral content and remnant debris by EDX analysis. In the study, 48 monoradicular, uninjured teeth were taken and divided into four groups, each with 12 teeth to be canal modeled, then longitudinally sectioned; the active surface was metallized for SEM-EDX analysis. From the SEM micrograph analysis, the morphology of the crystallites, the distribution of SL components, and the highlighting of instrumentation path traces/amplitudes were observed. By analyzing the SEM photomicrographs at 750 and 800× magnification, it was possible to highlight the cracks in the root dentinal walls. Thus, in comparison with Lots I and II which did not present cracks, in Lot III multiple cracks of the root dentinal walls were identified, especially in the coronal 1/3, and in Lot IV cracks were present with preponderance in the coronal and apical 1/3 of the root canals. The EDX images with atom mapping show very well the rather homogeneous elemental distribution for Ca, N, and P, respectively inhomogeneous for Na, Ca, Si, C, N, O, and P elements, as a result of the presence of remnant products from the processing of the root dentinal walls. Root canal instrumentation performed with both manual Kerr needle instrumentation by a convection technique and the rotary, Orodeka system, by crown-down technique, resulted in minimal SL formation in all three root canal areas, unlike the ProTaper FlyDent system. Most cracks were recorded in the case of the ProTaper Flydent rotary instruments and the one in which it was paired with a diamond ultrasonic scaler. The occurrence of dentinal cracks causes a decrease in dentinal microhardness, favoring the occurrence of root fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Transfer Learning With Hybrid Feature Extraction for Uterine Tissue Classification Using Histopathological Images.","authors":"Veena I Patil, Shobha R Patil","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometrial cancer, termed uterine cancer, seriously affects female reproductive organs, and the analysis of histopathological images formed a golden standard for diagnosing this cancer. Sometimes, early detection of this disease is difficult because of the limited capability of modeling complicated relationships among histopathological images and their interpretations. Moreover, many previous methods do not effectively handle the cell appearance variations. Hence, this study develops a novel classification technique called transfer learning convolution neural network with artificial bald eagle optimization (TL-CNN with ABEO) for the classification of uterine tissue. Here, preprocessing is done by the median filter, followed by image enhancement by the multiple identities representation network (MIRNet). Moreover, pelican crow search optimization (PCSO) is used for adapting weights in MIRNet, where PCSO is generated by combining the crow search algorithm (CSA) and pelican optimization algorithm (POA). Then, segmentation quality assessment (SQA) helps in tissue segmentation, and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) helps in parameter selection that is trained by fractional PCSO (FPCSO). Furthermore, feature extraction is done and, finally, cell classification is done by TL with CNN, which is trained by the proposed ABEO algorithm. Here, ABEO is newly developed by the integration of the bald eagle search (BES) algorithm and artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA). Furthermore, ABEO + TL-CNN achieved a high accuracy of 89.59%, a sensitivity of 90.25%, and a specificity of 89.89% by utilizing the cancer image archive dataset.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Titania Pigment Distribution in Water-Based Coatings by Image Analysis of Ion Beam Milled Sections.","authors":"Qi Chen, Arnold Wilbers, Antonio Aloi, Nils Timmermans, Mike van Meer, Remco Okhuijsen","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By applying various image analysis methods, the distribution of titania pigments in water-based paint films is assessed in this work. Cross-sections of paint films containing titania are prepared using triple ion beam milling, and the milled cross-sections are imaged using scanning electron microscopy. The obtained morphology of the paint films with known difference in pigment distribution is then determined and quantified by means of image analysis. It is found that the inter-particle distance which is calculated by determining the distance between each individual particle can serve as good differentiator for assessing the quality of pigment distribution. Furthermore, a comparison is made between 2D (triple ion beam milling) and 3D (focused ion beam with slice and view) imaging methods on the same sample. The 2D method, with its ease of use, short experimental time and artefact free imaging, gives better results in the system studied in this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiotensin 1-7 Attenuates the Development of Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Arrhythmia in Rats: Electrophysiology, Molecular, and Immunohistochemical Study.","authors":"Amy F Boushra, Ghada Farouk Soliman, Walaa Ibrahim, Laila Ahmed Rashed, Eman Ali Abd El-Meguid, Yara S Abouelela, Noha A E Yasin, Enas Gomaa, Esraa Ali, Nermeen Bastawy","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arrhythmia is a common and serious global health problem, contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The cardiac muscle is susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which can lead to fatal arrhythmias during open-heart surgery. We investigated the potential prophylactic effect of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) using an in vivo rat model of I/R injury and examined the underlying mechanisms. Rats were treated with Ang 1-7 (1 mg/kg, IP) 30 min before the surgical procedures. Twenty-four rats were equally divided into four groups: sham control, sham-treated with Ang 1-7, I/R injury group, and I/R injury group treated with Ang 1-7. In vivo I/R injury was induced by clamping the left coronary artery for 30 min, followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. The I/R group showed abnormal electrophysiological changes and arrhythmic episodes during electrocardiography (ECG) recording, increased oxidative stress, downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and upregulation of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) expression in cardiac tissue, which increased cardiac NF-kB expression and IL-17 levels. Moreover, I/R injury caused significant histological disruption and increased cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) immunoreactions, correlating with the extent of cardiac damage. However, preoperative Ang 1-7 administration significantly improved the electrophysiological, biochemical, and histopathological changes induced by I/R injury. This study demonstrated that Ang 1-7 exerted protective anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-healing effects by upregulating PPAR-γ and downregulating CXCL16, IL-17, and NF-kB pathways, suggesting it is a promising cardioprotective agent for preventing arrhythmias induced by I/R injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Abnormalities Classification of Red Blood Cells Using Fusion Method on Imbalance Datasets.","authors":"Prasenjit Dhar, K Suganya Devi, Ramanuj Bhattacharjee, P Srinivasan","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24786","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Red blood cells (RBCs) or Erythrocytes are essential components of the human body and they transport oxygen &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt; &lt;mrow&gt; &lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mfenced&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$$ left({O}_2right) $$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; from the lungs to the body's tissues, regulate &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;pH&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$$ pH $$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; balance, and support the immune system. Abnormalities in RBC shapes (Poikilocytosis) and sizes (Anisocytosis) can impede oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to conditions such as anemia, thalassemia, McLeod Syndrome, liver disease, and so on. Hematologists typically spend considerable time manually examining RBC's shapes and sizes using a microscope and it is time-consuming. The proposed LSTM based neural network (NN) deep-learning strategy helps to classify abnormal RBCs automatically and accurately and overcome blood-related disorders at an early stage. After data processing, traditional and high-level features are fused to clearly distinguish between abnormal RBC classes. Class imbalance favors the dominant class, resulting in biased forecasts. To address class imbalance, a custom loss function is generated by integrating class weights and loss functions before feeding fused features to the NN classifier. Specifically, the loss function is designed to assign higher penalties to the misclassification of underrepresented classes, ensuring that the model is more sensitive to these classes during training. This is achieved by integrating class weights directly into the cross-entropy loss calculation, thereby balancing the influence of each class on the model's learning process. The proposed approach's performance is evaluated using the publicly accessible Chula-PIC-Lab dataset and privately gathered dataset from the Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (CCHRC) in Assam, India. The proposed approach achieves an average of &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;97.83&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$$ 97.83% $$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;98.62&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$$ 98.62% $$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {F}_1 $$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; -score and accuracy on the Chula-PIC-Lab dataset and an average of &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;99.56&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$$ 99.56% $$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;99.65&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$$ 99.65% $$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {F}_1 $$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; -score and accuracy on the CCHRC dataset for &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;12&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$$ 12 $$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt; &lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;annotation&gt;$$ 6 $$&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt; &lt;/math&gt; classes a","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MINFLUX Nanoscopy: A \"Brilliant\" Technique Promising Major Breakthrough.","authors":"Marco Salerno, Virginia Bazzurro, Elena Angeli, Paolo Bianchini, Mohammadmehdi Roushenas, Kimiya Pakravanan, Alberto Diaspro","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MINFLUX nanoscopy relies on the localization of single fluorophores with expected ~ 2 nm precision in 3D mapping, roughly one order of magnitude better than standard stimulated emission depletion microscopy or stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. This \"brilliant\" technique takes advantage of specialized localization principles and algorithms that require only dim fluorescence signals with a minimum flux of photons; hence the name follows. With this level of performance, MINFLUX imaging and tracking should allow for the routine study of biological processes down to the molecular scale, revealing previously unresolved details in cell structures, such as the organization of calcium channels in muscle cells or the clustering of receptors in synapses. Whereas the high localization precision is definitely a strength of the MINFLUX technique, limitations and challenges also exist, especially in the labeling procedures aiming at appropriate density and on/off switching kinetics. This primer presents some significant results achieved with MINFLUX so far and highlights specific operational procedures crucial for this technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyto-Genotoxic Assessment of Sulfoxaflor in Allium cepa Root Cells and DNA Docking Studies.","authors":"Recep Liman, Muhammad Muddassir Ali, Erman Salih İstifli, İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci, Ümran Tınaz, Sidal Kırlangıç, Nejla Altay, Yudum Yeltekin Uğur","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sulfoxaflor (SFX) is an insecticide that is commonly used for the control of sap-feeding insects. Since SFX is extensively applied globally, it has been implicated in the substantial induction of environmental toxicity. Therefore, in this study, Allium cepa roots have been employed to elucidate the potential cytogenotoxic effects of SFX in non-target cells by examination of mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and DNA damage. Physiological effects of SFX were evaluated by A. cepa root growth inhibition assay, while cytogenotoxic effects were assessed by A. cepa ana-telophase and comet assay. Moreover, DNA binding affinity and binding mode of SFX were examined using molecular docking simulations to shed light on the genotoxic mechanism of action. The half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) on the growth of A. cepa cells calculated for SFX was found as 500 mg/L. Moreover, dose- and time-dependent decrease in MI, increase in CAs (disturbed ana-telophase, chromosomal laggards, stickiness, and anaphase chromosome bridge) and DNA damage were observed by the exposure of A. cepa root tips to SFX after 24-, 48-, 72-, and 96-h treatment periods. A 6-bp double-stranded DNA structure containing two intercalation sites (PDB ID: 1Z3F) was used for docking studies. According to DNA docking results, SFX exhibited an energetically more favorable binding affinity with DNA (ΔG = -5.05 kcal/mol) compared with the experimental mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) (ΔG = -2.94 kcal/mol), and preferentially snugly fits into the minor groove of DNA possessing an intercalation gap, thus, providing valuable mechanistic data into the formation of chromosome aberrations and DNA fragmentation induced by this pesticide in A. cepa.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VGX: VGG19-Based Gradient Explainer Interpretable Architecture for Brain Tumor Detection in Microscopy Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MMRI).","authors":"Deep Kothadiya, Amjad Rehman, Bayan AlGhofaily, Chintan Bhatt, Noor Ayesha, Tanzila Saba","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of deep learning algorithms has transformed medical image analysis, especially in brain tumor recognition. This research introduces a robust automatic microbrain tumor identification method utilizing the VGG16 deep learning model. Microscopy magnetic resonance imaging (MMRI) scans extract detailed features, providing multi-modal insights. VGG16, known for its depth and high performance, is utilized for this purpose. The study demonstrates the model's potential for precise and effective diagnosis by examining how well it can differentiate between areas of normal brain tissue and cancerous regions, leveraging both MRI and microscopy data. We describe in full the pre-processing actions taken to improve the quality of input data and maximize model efficiency. A carefully selected dataset, incorporating diverse tumor sizes and types from both microscopy and MRI sources, is used during the training phase to ensure representativeness. The proposed modified VGG19 model achieved 98.81% validation accuracy. Despite good accuracy, interpretation of the result still questionable. The proposed methodology integrates explainable AI (XAI) for brain tumor detection to interpret system decisions. The proposed study uses a gradient explainer to interpret classification results. Comparative statistical analysis highlights the effectiveness of the proposed explainer model over other XAI techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compensating the Meniscus Effect in Phase Contrast Microscopy Using an LCD for Adaptive Condenser Annulus Shifting.","authors":"Florian Nienhaus, Finn Burkhardt, Niels König, Robert H Schmitt","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The meniscus effect in cell culture vessels limits the observable areas with phase contrast microscopy. For meniscus effect compensation in microtiter plates (MTPs), we present a method using an LCD to replace the fixed condenser annulus, which enables adaptive annulus shifting based on image analysis. This approach led to an increase in phase contrast area by a factor of 8.3. Utilizing a standard phase contrast microscope, we substituted the static condenser annulus with a transparent LCD that displays an adaptive annulus, which can be repositioned to counteract meniscus-induced refraction across an entire MTP-24 well. We developed image analysis using Bertrand lens images to determine the misalignment between annulus center and phase ring, enabling the calculation of the required annulus shift. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this image analysis technique. The detected shift was translated into new LCD settings through a linear regression model to ensure proper alignment for the following image. We proved that an algorithm based on background brightness yields a reliable metric for assessing phase contrast conditions within well-plates. The proposed approach substantially increased the phase contrast area in 24-well MTPs at 10× magnification from 5.0% with conventional microscopy to 41.9%, thereby restoring phase contrast conditions throughout the well, except near the edges.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}