Microscopy Research and Technique最新文献

{"title":"Toxic Dye Degradation Employing Phoenix dactylifera Seed Extract for the Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Characterization and Application.","authors":"Areesha Maryam, Saqib Rabbani, Athar Yaseen Khan, Hina Abid, Ammar Zidan, Ali Bahadur, Muhammad Tariq Qamar, Shahid Iqbal, Sajid Mahmood, Abd-ElAziem Farouk, Ibrahim Jafri","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research highlights the facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Phoenix dactylifera seed extracts and its photocatalytic application for the degradation of toxic dyes. The AgNPs synthesis was confirmed by the appearance of its representative absorption peak at 416 nm in UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, the reduction of silver ions to Ag was justified through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction pattern revealed crystalline AgNPs structure with particle size ranging from 5 to 15 nm calculated using the Debye-Scherrer equation. The rectangular-like structural morphology of synthesized AgNPs was observed in scanning electron micrographs. The as-synthesized AgNPs demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity for the degradation of malachite green (MG) and congo red (CR) followed by methylene blue (MB), and crystal violet (CV) under UV irradiation. In addition, rate constant (k) and percentage degradation were also calculated. The present study presents a facile green synthesis pathway and its potentially successful manipulation in the reduction of toxic dyes under the illumination of UV-light.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142730700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Morphological Traits of Cucumis melo Seed Remains Discovered in the Graveyard of the Haihun Marquis in Nanchang and Modern C. melo Seeds Using Scanning Electron Microscopy.","authors":"Zhiqiang Zhao, Yujiao Zhao, Jimei Lu, Weiwei Liu, Lu Jiang, Liangping Zha, Huasheng Peng","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The graveyard of the Haihun Marquis in Nanchang is the largest and best-preserved Han Dynasty mausoleum discovered in China. Within the tomb's beam bank (M1), archaeologists have uncovered a variety of plant remains, such as melon seeds, the traits and origins of which warrant timely investigation. Cucumis melo L. has a long history of being cultivated and consumed in China. In this study, macroscopic identification techniques, scanning electron microscopy, and cluster analyses of the seeds of ancient C. melo and 16 varieties of modern melons (9 with thick skin, 6 with thin skin, and 1 thick/thin-skinned hybrid) were performed to compare their morphological trait indexes and seed coat ultrastructures. Through the measurement of various morphological parameters (length, width, upper one-third width, lower one-third width, thickness, and surface area) of each type of melon seed and subsequent cluster analysis of the morphological data, the ancient melon was determined to belong to the same cluster as the C. melo varieties \"Lvbao\", \"Huangpi\", \"Boyang No. 9\", \"Malianzhuang\", \"Yangjiaomi\", and \"Zhimami\", exhibiting the closest affinity to the thin-skinned types, particularly \"Huangpi\", \"Malianzhuang\", and \"Zhimami\". Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the epidermal ultrastructure revealed that the reticulated morphology of the seed coat of the ancient melon closely resembled that of the thin-skinned melon. Consequently, we hypothesize that the melon seeds excavated from the graveyard of the Haihun Marquis belong to the thin-skinned type of melon.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142730481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing ZnO/NiO Nanocomposites as a Photocatalyst and Investigating Photocatalytic Effectiveness for Wastewater Treatment.","authors":"Mehdi Hassan, Hillal Maryum, Abdul Rauf, Wajahat Ali, Arslan Bashir, Ammar Zidan, Ejaz Muhammad, Muhammad Tariq Jan, Ali Bahadur, Shahid Iqbal, Sajid Mahmood, Mohammed T Alotaibi","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of the present work is to create ZnO/NiO nanocomposites (NCs) for the photocatalytic destruction of organic contaminants using the co-precipitation technique. To investigate physiochemical characteristics, FT-IR, UV visible spectroscopy, SEM, and XRD were used. The ZnO hexagonal phase and the NiO cubic phase in the ZnO/NiO NCs were verified by the diffraction pattern. NCs were discovered to have larger average crystallite sizes. The bandgap energy calculated from the Tauc plot for the ZnO is 3.02 and 2.74 eV for the ZnO/NiO NC's. SEM analysis revealed the morphological study and particle size was calculated using the histogram technique and found to be 124.5 nm for the ZnO and 49.2 nm for the ZnO/NiO NCs. Photocatalytic degradation in the presence of sunlight showed 72.8% degradation of Methylene blue (MB) for the ZnO and 79.2% for the ZnO/NiO NCs. The increase in the photocatalytic capablity for the NCs is attributed to the synergistic effect between ZnO and NiO which effectively separated charge carriers preventing greater recombination rate. The robustness of ZnO/NiO NCs as a catalyst option was shown by their exceptional performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dealing with Missing Angular Sections in NanoCT Reconstructions of Low Contrast Polymeric Samples Employing a Mechanical In Situ Loading Stage.","authors":"Rafaela Debastiani, Chantal Miriam Kurpiers, Enrico Domenico Lemma, Ben Breitung, Martin Bastmeyer, Ruth Schwaiger, Peter Gumbsch","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While in situ experiments are gaining importance for the (mechanical) assessment of metamaterials or materials with complex microstructures, imaging conditions in such experiments are often challenging. The lab-based computed tomography system Xradia 810 Ultra allows for the in situ (time-lapsed) mechanical testing of samples. However, the in situ loading setup of this system limits the image acquisition angle to 140°. For low contrast polymeric materials, this limited acquisition angle leads to regions of low information gain, thus preventing an accurate reconstruction of the data using a filtered back projection algorithm resulting in erroneous microstructures. Here, we demonstrate how the information gain can be improved by selecting an appropriate position of the sample. A low contrast polymeric tetrahedral microlattice sample and a structured sample with specific markers, both scanned over 140° and 180°, demonstrate that the missing structural details in the 140° reconstruction are limited to an angular wedge of about 20°. Depending on the sample geometry and microstructure, applying simple strategies for the in situ experiments allows accurate reconstruction of the data. For the tetrahedral microlattice, a simple rotation of the sample by 90° rotates all relevant surfaces by about 30° to the original illumination direction, creating a more even X-ray illumination for all the projections, thus providing enough X-ray absorption for an accurate reconstruction of the geometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and Characterization of Multidimensional Information of Adipocyte Model Based on AFM-Raman.","authors":"Yuchi Zhang, Zhengxun Song, Kaige Qu, Peishuang Sun, Lifang Li, Jing Hu, Zuobin Wang","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue leads to metabolic disorders, and the excessive differentiation of preadipocytes into white adipocytes is one of the contributing factors to obesity. The browning of white adipocytes has been regarded as a promising therapeutic strategy. To analyze the origins and potential solutions for obesity from a fundamental perspective, we employed atomic force microscopy, and Raman confocal microscopy to investigate and characterize multidimensional information regarding the differentiation process of 3 T3-L1 preadipocyte models into white adipocytes and their subsequent browning into beige adipocytes. The results from atomic force microscopy indicated that during the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature white adipocytes, there was an increase in cell height, a decrease in length, and a transformation in shape from fibroblast-like morphology to spherical form. Additionally, Young's modulus, stiffness, and adhesion decreased throughout this process. Following browning, cells maintained their spherical shape but exhibited reduced height compared to white adipocytes; lipid droplet decomposition resulted in increased surface roughness. Raman spectroscopy studies revealed that preadipocytes lacked specific lipid peaks; however, as they differentiated into white adipocytes, peak Raman signals transitioned from weak to sharp. After browning occurred, lipid peak signals became sparse and dispersed. Furthermore, by calibrating temperature standard curves based on water molecule hydrogen-oxygen stretching bands, it was found that beige adipocytes possess thermogenic capabilities. Based on Segment Anything Model for lipid droplet segmentation and color clustering 3D K-Means point cloud analysis: White adipocyte lipid droplets aggregated with deeper coloration post-staining appearing duller; conversely, beige adipocyte coloration appeared lighter and brighter with more clusters present within the clustering point cloud. In summary, this study provides a novel method for multidimensional detection and characterization through an interdisciplinary approach combining cellular biology with physical chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Dentin Bio-Modifiers Grape Seed Extract, Hesperidin on Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Assessment.","authors":"Mohammed Hussain Dafer Al Wadei, Muhammad Qasim, Ali Y Alsaeed, Faisal Hasan Alshehri, Eisha Abrar","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Investigation of different collagen cross-linking (CCL) agents, grape seed extract (GSE), Hesperidin (Hes), and rose bengal photosensitizer (RBP) on shear bond strength (SBS) and marginal leakage (ML) of composite bonded to carious affected dentin (CAD). Sixty-eight human molars in which carious lesions up to the middle third of the dentin were included. CAD was made flat followed by acid etching. Teeth were allocated randomly into four groups based on the application of CCL agents. Group 1: no CCL agent, Groups 2-4 samples treated with CCL agents. Bonding of adhesive and composite was performed followed by artificial aging. ML assessment was performed using a dye penetration test. SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine followed by failure mode analysis. Analysis of the resin CAD interface with SEM was performed to identify the resin tag. For group comparisons, one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test were used. The length and number of resin tags in GSE and Hes groups were greater than in the control and RBP. Furthermore, samples treated with GSE presented the highest scores of SBS and lowest ML. The control group presented the lowest bond integrity and highest ML. GSE and Hes positively influenced both SBS and ML.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead Nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) Toxicity Effects on DNA Structure and Histopathological Damage in Gills of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio).","authors":"Ritu Sharma, Rajinder Jindal, Nikhil Jhamb, Mahdi Banaee, Caterina Faggio","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The toxic impact of environmentally relevant nominal sub-lethal concentration of lead nitrate (23 mg/L) on the gills of Cyprinus carpio after 30 days of exposure was assessed. Structural alterations were analyzed through histopathology, and the DNA damage rate in peripheral erythrocytes was evaluated by alkaline comet assay. A significant deviation in the gill histoarchitecture was observed compared to the control group. Significant changes, including the curling of secondary lamellae, loss of filaments, necrosis, hyperplasia, hypertrophy of cells of primary filament, and vacuolization, were found in the fish exposed to nominal sub-lethal concentration of lead nitrate. Moreover, the comet assay showed lead nitrate-induced DNA damage, evidenced by the length of the DNA \"tail\" in the exposed fish. The findings of this study strongly indicated that lead nitrate, even at sub-lethal levels, could significantly alter the overall physiology of the fish. This situation could lead to severe ecological consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-Stage Melanoma Cancer Diagnosis Framework for Imbalanced Data From Dermoscopic Images.","authors":"Amjad Rehman Khan, Muhammad Mujahid, Faten S Alamri, Tanzila Saba, Noor Ayesha","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin problems are a serious condition that affects people all over the world. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays' damages melanocyte cells, leading to the uncontrolled proliferation of melanoma, a form of skin cancer. However, the dearth of qualified expertise increases the processing time and cost of diagnosis. Early detection of melanoma in dermoscopy images significantly enhances its chance of survival. Pathologists benefit substantially from the precise and efficient melanoma cancer diagnosis using automated methods. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of melanoma has consistently been a challenging procedure due to the imbalance images and limited data. Our objective was to employ a novel deep method to diagnose melanoma from dermoscopic images automatically. The research has proposed a novel framework for detecting skin malignancies. The proposed plan, which includes CNN, DenseNet, a batch normalization layer, maxpooling, and a ReLU layer activation function, solves the overfitting problem well. Furthermore, we used a large number of samples for testing and effectively employed data augmentation to prevent any issues related to class imbalance. The Adam optimizer is the most efficient deep learning optimizer for addressing challenges associated with large datasets, such as lengthy processing times. This is due to its specifically designed algorithm. Experiments ensure that the proposed framework achieved 95.70% micro average accuracy on the ISIC-2019 dataset and 93.24% accuracy on the HAM-10000 dataset. Comprehensive evaluation and analysis were used to evaluate our framework's performance. The results show that the proposed approach performs better with cross-validation by 94.8% accuracy than the most sophisticated deep learning-based technique. During studies, medical professionals will employ the proposed model to identify skin cancer in its early stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Surface Exsolution of Chang'e-5 Lunar Soil Architected by the Trinity Effect of Electron Beam.","authors":"Zhou Jiang, Xiujuan Li, Meiqi Liu, Hongtao Cao, Nailin Yue, Rui Zhang, Zhenyu Hu, Li Liu, Meng Zou, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24738","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.24738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is known that the interaction between electron beam and material surface enables a variety of physical phenomena, which hold significant inspiration for functional application. Herein, the process of in situ surface exsolution was observed and documented for the basalt phase in the Chang'e-5 lunar samples via scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the main existence of metal oxides such as plagioclase and pyroxene. Under electron beam irradiation, these components have undergone in situ dynamic mass loss and radiation decomposition, leading to an interesting in situ surface exsolution, as the energy of the electron beam exceeds the dissociation energy of metal-oxide bonds. It is clarified that the thermal effect of the electron beam is negligible under the experimental conditions. Alternatively, the \"trinity\" of electron beam-induced electric field-radiolysis-electron beam deposition is the key factor driving the surface exsolution. Our result not only deepens our understanding of the physical and chemical properties of lunar soil but also lays the groundwork for future applications of lunar soil for functional application.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructural and Functional Organization of Maxillary Palps in Ladybird Species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) With Different Feeding Preferences.","authors":"Milos Sevarika, Roberto Romani","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insects antennae serve as their primary sensory organs, playing a crucial role both in intra- and interspecific communication, a trait shared across the entire class Insecta. Representatives of Coccinellidae (ladybird) are known for being important natural enemies of economically relevant pests, and occasionally for being pests themselves. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructural organization of maxillary palps in several ladybird species exhibiting different feeding preferences, including entomophagous species (Harmonia axyridis, Scymnus interruptus, Delphastus catalinae, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Ceratomegilla undecimnotata, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata) and phytophagous species (Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata). We analyzed the ultrastructure of the maxillary palps using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In all species, the maxillary palps were segmented, with the main sensory area located at the apical part of the enlarged distal segment. Our investigation revealed the presence of five distinct sensilla types on the maxillary palps, including uniporous, multiporous, campaniform, trichoidea, and digitiform sensilla. Interestingly, the sensilla shared a similar morphology across the investigated species. Uniporous and multiporous sensilla were the most abundant and were exclusively located in the apical sensory area. Campaniform sensilla were located on the apical sensory area, but positioned along the marginal zone, surrounding the area occupied by uniporous and multiporous sensilla. Digitiform sensilla were positioned in a restricted area of the dorsal side of the last palpomere. Our study hypothesizes that in Coccinellidae, maxillary palps play the role of primary sensory organ, along with the antennae. The comprehensive data presented here lay a robust foundation for further investigations into the role of maxillary palps in the chemical ecology of ladybirds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}