Microscopy Research and Technique最新文献

{"title":"Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Alterations in Renal Tissue of Rats Exposed to Aflatoxin B1: Glomerular Barrier Disruption and Cytoskeletal Remodeling","authors":"Hekmat Osman Abd Elaziz,&nbsp;Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali,&nbsp;Madeha Ahmed Hashim,&nbsp;Fatma M. Abdel-maksoud","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent mycotoxin, poses significant health risks to humans and animals, with the kidney emerging as a secondary target organ beyond its well-documented hepatotoxicity. Cytoskeletal components are essential for proper podocyte, mesangial cell morphology, and glomerular function. This study investigated the histopathological and ultrastructural changes induced by AFB1 on renal tissues, focusing on glomerular filtration barriers, renal tubules, interstitial telocytes, and β-tubulin expression. Adult female Wistar rats were administered 250 μg/kg/day of AFB1 for 8 weeks, and kidney tissues were analyzed using toluidine blue staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunohistochemistry. AFB1 exposure induced severe glomerular atrophy, thickened Bowman's capsules, widened Bowman's spaces, and tubular epithelial vacuolation. Telocytes exhibited necrotic changes, TEM confirmed podocyte foot process effacement, mitochondrial damage, and autophagic vacuole formation in proximal and distal tubules. Additionally, telocytes displayed fragmented telopodes and nuclear condensation, suggesting impaired tissue repair mechanisms, while immunohistochemistry revealed upregulated β-tubulin expression in glomeruli and tubules, indicating cytoskeletal disruption. These findings highlight AFB1-induced nephrotoxicity through oxidative stress, cytoskeletal remodeling, and interstitial inflammation, which in turn affect the glomerular filtration, underscoring the kidney's vulnerability to mycotoxin exposure. This study provides novel insights into the role of telocytes and β-tubulin dysregulation in AFB1-induced renal injury, offering a foundation for future research on therapeutic interventions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 6","pages":"901-911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Calcium Silicate-Based and Resin-Modified Calcium Silicate Materials: Cytocompatibility and Mineralization Potential on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Pulp Repair","authors":"Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano,&nbsp;Nuria Pérez-Guzmán,&nbsp;Paula García-Rios,&nbsp;David García-Bernal,&nbsp;Adrián Lozano,&nbsp;Sergio López-García","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70121","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of three calcium silicate-based materials—Biodentine XP (BD-XP), TheraCal PT (THPT), and TheraBase Ca (THB)—on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), focusing on cytocompatibility, immunomodulatory behavior (via IL-6 expression), and odontogenic/mineralization potential compared to control conditions. hDPSCs were cultured with eluates (25%, 50%, 100%) of BD-XP, THPT, and THB. Cytocompatibility was assessed via metabolic activity assay, cell cycle analysis, and cell migration. Morphology and adhesion were examined by SEM, while surface composition was analyzed by EDX. IL-6 secretion was quantified using ELISA. Gene expression of odontogenic/osteogenic markers (ALP, DSPP, RUNX2, COL-1) was analyzed via qRT-PCR at 14 and 21 days. Alizarin Red S staining was used to assess mineralization. Results were compared to unconditioned and osteogenic controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). All materials exhibited acceptable cytocompatibility. BD-XP promoted the highest cell viability, migration, and adhesion. IL-6 secretion was significantly reduced in all treated groups, most notably with THB. SEM and EDX showed strong cell attachment and calcium-rich surfaces for BD-XP. BD-XP significantly upregulated DSPP and RUNX2 at both time points and COL-1 at day 21. ALP expression was mainly observed in the positive control. BD-XP also showed the greatest mineralized nodule formation. Biodentine XP demonstrated the most favorable biological behavior, showing high cytocompatibility, upregulation of odontogenic markers, and enhanced mineralization. These results highlight its potential for clinical use in vital pulp therapy and regenerative endodontics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 6","pages":"932-947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated FRET Analysis for Enhanced Characterization of Protein-Protein Interactions.","authors":"Ahmet Zübeyir Nursoy, Orkun Cevheroğlu, Çağdaş Devrim Son","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analysis is a powerful technique for studying protein-protein interactions; however, manual methods often introduce variability and user dependency. We present the SONLab FRET Analysis Tool, an open-source and automated software that integrates Cellpose for cell segmentation with standardized pipelines for bleed-through correction and FRET efficiency calculation. By minimizing human intervention, the tool improves reproducibility and comparability between experiments. The results demonstrate that the tool achieves FRET efficiencies comparable to those of manual methods but with reduced bias, enabling robust and high-throughput analysis of protein interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147776148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Morphological Study of Restoration of Damaged Hair Fiber With Chemical Treatments Using Microscopy Techniques.","authors":"L P A Mauricio, R A D Cunha, S M Alves","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper analyses hair restoration products currently on the market that treat chemically processed hair. This study measured the restoration of structural integrity in hair samples from both chemically damaged hair (chemically relaxed, bleached, and chemically color-treated) and virgin hair. Hair samples were exposed to two hair restoration products (low- and high-cost), formulated with ingredients from two different price points. This analysis is essential because of the challenges in finding scientific information on treatment protocols for processes that can damage hair. The effectiveness of these treatments was evaluated by assessing the structural damage caused by the chemical processes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that chemical processes alter Keratin's conformation, resulting in detrimental effects on the hair fiber. The cumulative impact of these processes chemically and physically modifies the hair's structure. The findings revealed that the most effective treatment was the High Cost (HC) product, which contains coconut oil and glycerol. This treatment was particularly effective for hair that had undergone significant degradation, particularly from bleaching followed by color treatment. Remarkably, this high-cost (HC) product produced a higher level of morphological restoration than expected, even aiding in the recovery of cuticular cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen Morphology of Crucianella L. (Rubiaceae) Based on Light and Scanning Electron Microscope Data and Implications for Taxonomy.","authors":"Sevcan Celenk, Zelal Kücük, Gülşah Bağcıvan, Ruziye Daşkın","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crucianella L. (Rubiaceae) is represented by 31 species worldwide and 14 taxa in Türkiye. Although taxonomic delimitation has traditionally been based on morphological characteristics, the importance of pollen morphology in species differentiation is not yet fully understood. This study was conducted to examine the pollen morphology of Crucianella species in detail using LM and SEM techniques and to assess the taxonomic significance of these details. The pollen grains are stephanocolpate, isopolar, radially symmetrical, and have a circular amb shape. The pollen surface is covered with pollenkitt, and the pollen grains exhibit microreticulate ornamentation. Differences among investigated species were observed in terms of pollen size, exine sculpturing, and aperture characteristics. The number of colpi varies between 6 and 13. Differences in the number of apertures were found among subspecies. Ornamentation was identified as microreticulate. Microechini, perforations and microverrucae were observed on the muri. Pollen size falls within the small class, with the polar axis ranging from 11.41 to 24.85 μm and the equatorial axis ranging from 9.96 to 24.87 μm. The smallest average pollen size was observed in C. kurdistanica (P = 14.90 ± 2.30 μm; E = 13.46 ± 2.11 μm), while the largest was recorded in C. bithynica (p = 21.92 ± 1.86 μm; E = 20.99 ± 2.54 μm). Exine thickness ranged from 0.54 to 1.15 μm, and intine thickness ranged from 0.33 to 0.59 μm. This study demonstrated that palynological characters within the genus Crucianella especially pollen size, aperture details, and the thickness of exine and intine, can provide valuable contributions to the systematic differentiation of closely related species and subspecies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Camera-Like Dual-Defocus Curvature Wavefront Sensor With GPU Acceleration for Real-Time Quantitative Phase Imaging","authors":"Wei Wang,&nbsp;Zihao Zhang,&nbsp;Yaxi Li,&nbsp;Huachuan Huang,&nbsp;Aihui Sun,&nbsp;Shouyu Wang","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70106","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Due to the high-contrast imaging capability for label-free cells, diverse quantitative phase imaging (QPI) systems have been developed. However, most existing solutions exhibit limitations, including incompatibility with commercial microscopes, bulky/complex architectures, and restricted frame rates caused by computationally intensive phase reconstruction processes, thereby hindering their applicability in dynamic QPI scenarios. To overcome these challenges, we developed a camera-like curvature wavefront sensor (CWS) that integrates simultaneous dual-view transport-of-intensity phase imaging with parallel computing. The cost-effective system comprises a prism and dual-CMOS sensor within a compact size of 55.7 × 58.0 × 49.4 mm³ compatible with commercial microscopes. Operating at 20 frames per second (fps) with 1024 × 1024-pixel resolution, it enables real-time image acquisition, phase retrieval, data storage, and result visualization. Experimental validation confirmed its robust performance in field-of-view (FoV) correction, phase recovery accuracy, and computational efficiency. Practical utility was demonstrated through QPI-based flow cytometry and live-cell dynamic imaging applications. This plug-and-play, imaging system compatible, and cost-effective CWS platform offers a versatile solution for practical QPI requirements.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 5","pages":"705-717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145756888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating Prostate Cancer Detection Through Histopathological Image Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Anandh Sam Chandra Bose,&nbsp;Chandran Srinivasan,&nbsp;Chandrasekaran Saravanakumar","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prostate cancer is a prevalent and serious health concern, ranking among the most frequently diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are crucial for improving patient outcomes by limiting disease progression. Histopathological image analysis remains the gold standard for prostate cancer detection; however, manual interpretation is time-consuming and requires specialized expertise. To address these challenges, this study proposes a hybrid deep learning framework that combines an ensemble of transfer-learned CNNs (VGG-16, DenseNet-121, and AlexNet) with a fine-tuned Vision Transformer (ViT). The CNN ensemble extracts rich local features, while the ViT captures global contextual dependencies through a self-attention mechanism and a multilayer perceptron (MLP). Additionally, a cross-attention fusion (CAF) module integrates local and global features, and knowledge distillation (KD) enables a lightweight student network suitable for efficient clinical deployment. The study utilizes the publicly available PANDA dataset for training and testing. Preprocessing steps, including patch generation, gamma correction, and stain deconvolution, enhance image quality and feature representation. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using standard performance metrics such as accuracy, true positive rate (TPR), true negative rate (TNR), precision, F1-score, false negative rate (FNR), and false positive rate (FPR). An ablation study confirmed the contribution of each module, highlighting the critical role of ensemble CNNs, CAF, and ViT in improving performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms conventional transfer learning models and existing state-of-the-art techniques, achieving 97.91% accuracy, along with significant improvements in TPR, TNR, and reduced FNR/FPR. The computational complexity, evaluated in terms of parameters, FLOPs, GPU memory, and inference time, indicates that the proposed model is more demanding than traditional CNNs. Nevertheless, the architecture strikes a practical balance between predictive accuracy and efficiency, making it suitable for real-world clinical applications. These findings underscore the potential of AI-powered hybrid models in expediting prostate cancer diagnosis and enabling timely intervention for improved patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 5","pages":"687-704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145724718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Characterization, Biological Activities and Their Corrosion Inhibition Properties","authors":"N. Muthulakshmi,&nbsp;M. Senthil,&nbsp;B. Archana,&nbsp;A. Mani,&nbsp;R. Subramanian","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) were synthesized via a green and eco-friendly method using <i>Parkia biglandulosa</i> leaf extract, which acted as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized CeO₂ NPs exhibited a cubic fluorite crystal structure and predominantly spherical morphology, with particle sizes ranging from 10 to 12 nm. Antibacterial studies demonstrated notable activity against <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus albus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, with the highest inhibition zone (32 mm) observed against <i>S. mutans</i> (Ce-3). The anticancer activity assessed against MCF-7 breast cancer cells demonstrated an IC₅₀ value of 43.13 μg/mL (Ce-3). Antioxidant assays, including DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging, exhibited IC₅₀ values of 202.47, 219.77, and 193.05 μg/mL, respectively, indicating strong free radical scavenging potential. Additionally, corrosion resistance studies of CeO₂ NP-coated mild steel in 3.5% NaCl solution revealed a maximum inhibition efficiency of 95.44% (Ce-3), as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Overall, these findings demonstrated the multifunctional efficacy of <i>P. biglandulosa</i> derived CeO₂ NPs for biomedical and industrial applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 5","pages":"727-740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145810684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 5","pages":"685-686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148063541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Illumination Fourier Modulation Microscopy: New Techniques for Multimodal Light Imaging","authors":"Alan P. Blood,&nbsp;Colin J. R. Sheppard,&nbsp;Maitreyee Roy","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The term Internal Darkfield can be applied to microscopy methods that employ Fourier stops to block or attenuate undiffracted zero-order light, with optional superposition of adjustably attenuated brightfield to achieve Variable Graded-Field images. Existing Luminance Contrast and Single-Sideband Edge Enhancement or Schlieren methods may be improved by using a secondary illumination beam to generate Internal Darkfield, preferably in color, along with attenuated primary bright illumination that ideally uses a wide-aperture asymmetric beam. The main embodiment of the Dual-Illumination Fourier Modulation Microscopy methods uses a thin strip-stop to block a narrow secondary pencil beam at variable angles of incidence. Axial darkfield manifests luminous visualization of internal detail with reduced edge-blooming artifacts, whereas peripheral angles give enhanced directional resolution. Methods are described using semicircular Fourier stops including a pure Variable Rejection Internal Darkfield method that allows adjustable positioning of a peripheral pencil deep inside the stop zone to reject most of the diffuse background along with low spatial frequencies. At smaller angles, more low spatial frequencies are admitted, allowing increased brightness. Fourier modulation can also be applied to various methods of Multiple Oblique Beam Illumination, condenser-free LED microscopy including multi-color modes, Spatial Light Modulator innovations including split-aperture phase retrieval, and high-pass filter innovations. Suggestions are also offered for fluorescence and autofluorescence applications, along with hyperspectral imaging using variable wavelength secondary illumination. The underlying principles of Schlieren microscopy and split-aperture methods are explored, along with the mechanisms that generate relief contrast due to sideband suppression or asymmetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 5","pages":"769-783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jemt.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145864067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}