Microscopy Research and Technique最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of Sol–Gel Assisted TiO2 Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue","authors":"Aqsa Bibi,&nbsp;Muhammad Hafeez,&nbsp;Saleem Raza,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman Hameed,&nbsp;Jahanzeb Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Zaheer","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is highly needed for future generations to develop a low-cost photocatalysts for the degradation of colored dyes to save our environment. Herein, we report an efficient and low-cost sol–gel method for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanostructures. The structural, compositional, optical, and morphological properties of the as-synthesized samples have been analyzed by various analytical techniques, including X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). X-ray Diffraction analysis identified distinct anatase peaks, with the rutile phase emerging only at 900°C, along with increased crystal size and lattice strain. SEM images showed morphological changes, transitioning to spherical nanobeads at higher calcination temperatures, forming either dispersed or clustered structures. FTIR spectra revealed temperature-dependent changes in surface chemistry, indicating the presence of various functional groups. UV–Vis spectroscopy indicated shifts in λmax values, reflecting changes in electronic structure and crystallinity, particularly a shift to 334 nm at 900°C, signaling a significant transformation in electronic structure. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of TiO₂ with minimal impurities. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading methylene blue under visible light, revealing how TiO₂ properties can be fine-tuned through parameters such as calcination temperature, time, pH, and concentration ratio. Remarkably, TiO₂ calcined at 900°C with 6% concentration revealed nearly complete Methylene Blue degradation after 180 min, highlighting its superior performance among the tested catalysts. This work will deliver a possible route to the synthesis of efficient and low-cost photocatalysts to develop for environmental remediation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 11","pages":"2989-2998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen Morphology of Selected Endemic Eudicots From the FLORAS Botanical Garden, Southern Bahia, Brazil","authors":"Agatha Carvalho Pinto,&nbsp;Amanda Spiller,&nbsp;Giovanna Candido,&nbsp;Jorge Antonio Silva Costa,&nbsp;Cristiana Barros Nascimento Costa,&nbsp;Mário Marques da Silva Junior,&nbsp;Jaílson Santos de Novais","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Atlantic Forest is home to about 40% of Brazil's flora. Approximately 50% of the 17,975 species occurring in this biome are endemic, and many are threatened with extinction, such as brazilwood, <i>Paubrasilia echinata</i> (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima, &amp; G.P.Lewis. Despite such importance, studies to characterize the pollen morphology of this rich flora have been unevenly distributed throughout this phytogeographic domain. Therefore, we aimed to describe the pollen morphology of 12 selected endemic species of eudicots from the FLORAS Botanical Garden, a remnant of the Atlantic Forest at intermediate stages of natural regeneration in southern Bahia State, Brazil. The analyzed species were <i>Andira fraxinifolia</i> Benth., <i>Cranocarpus mezii</i> Taub., <i>Desmodium juruenense</i> Hoehne, <i>Eschweilera ovata</i> (Cambess.) Mart. ex Miers, <i>Himatanthus bracteatus</i> (A.DC.) Woodson, <i>Lantana undulata</i> Schrank, <i>Lundia longa</i> (Vell.) DC., <i>Mimosa caesalpiniifolia</i> Benth., <i>Ouratea cuspidata</i> (A.St.-Hil.) Engl., <i>Paubrasilia echinata</i> (Lam.) Gagnon, H.C.Lima &amp; G.P.Lewis, <i>Solanum polytrichum</i> Moric., and <i>Stigmaphyllon blanchetii</i> C.E.Anderson. Flower buds were collected from exsiccatae of the GCPP herbarium. The pollen material was acetolyzed, measured, described, and photodigitalized using optical microscopy. Pollen grains were recorded in monads or polyads; small to large sized; spherical, prolate-spheroidal, subprolate, or prolate; apolar or isopolar; with triangular, subtriangular, subcircular, or circular amb; 3-colpate, 3-colporate or pantoporate; and with psilate, (micro)reticulate, granulate, or scabrate exine. The descriptions revealed the local morphopalynological diversity, contributing to the understanding of the pollen florula of the FLORAS Botanical Garden and the Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 11","pages":"2967-2976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jemt.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edible Bird's Nest Soup (EBNS) Attenuates Glomerular Basement Membrane Thickening and Tubular NF-κβ and NLRP3 Expression in the Acute Renal Injuries Linked to Obesity in Rats","authors":"Mohd Noor Akmal,&nbsp;Abdul Razak Intan-Shameha,&nbsp;Zuki Abu Bakar,&nbsp;Mokrish Ajat","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to elucidate how edible bird's nest soup (EBNS) and edible bird's nest extract (EBNE) can protect the kidneys of obese rats from acute kidney injuries caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) via histological techniques. A total of 24 male Sprague–Dawley rats aged 12 weeks old were utilized in this study. The rats were randomly assigned (<i>n</i> = 6) to either the chow diet; HFD; HFD + EBNS (843.2 mg/kg); or HFD + EBNE (6.5 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Body mass gain and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured, and the kidneys were collected for histopathological analysis, including H&amp;E, PAS staining, and immunohistochemistry (TLR4, NF-κβ and NLRP3). Results showed the EBNS group maintained normal body mass (530.19 ± 0.32) via the reduction of VAT (28.79 ± 0.24) influx, similar as in the BC group (527.78 ± 0.77; 30.61 ± 0.91). Meanwhile, the EBNE group demonstrated significant body mass gain (597.04 ± 0.52) and VAT (45.03 ± 0.38) deposition. The glomeruli diameters (104.76 ± 2.77) in the EBNS group were normal compared to those in the EBNE group (142.05 ± 1.51), which showed glomerulomegaly and membranous glomerulonephritis. In the EBNE group, the NF-κβ and NLRP3's immunoreactivity covered as much as 44.38% ± 0.21% and 60.77% ± 0.53%, respectively, in the tissue section. Meanwhile, the EBNS group observed only 2.85% ± 0.82% (NF-κβ) and 6.80% ± 0.62% (NLRP3) immunoreactivity in the tissue. These findings were consistent with mild (1.83 ± 0.70) and moderate (5.65 ± 0.30) tubular inflammatory cell infiltration in the EBNS and EBNE groups, respectively. In the obese rat model induced by HFD, the EBNS was able to prevent the obesity-related acute kidney injuries by maintaining a normal architecture of glomerular histomorphology and suppressing the tubular NF-κβ and NLRP3 expression.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 11","pages":"2977-2988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Dentin-Adhesive Interface of a Nanoparticle-Enhanced Universal Adhesive Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Its Impact on μTBS and Degree of Conversion","authors":"Amer M. Alanazi,&nbsp;Shaheryar Shafqat,&nbsp;Muhammad Omar Niaz,&nbsp;Azmat Ali Khan,&nbsp;Madiha Pirvani,&nbsp;Syed Hussain Askary,&nbsp;Ambrina Qureshi","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluation of the effects of various nanoparticles (NPs), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), cerium dioxide (CeO₂), and copper oxide (CuO), when incorporated into universal adhesive (UA), on the micro tensile bond strength (μTBS), degree of conversion (DC), adhesive interface, and resin tag assessment. Before incorporating nanoparticles (NPs) into UA, elemental analysis was conducted on all NP types using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The study involved 48 intact human molars, divided into four groups based on UA modification with different NPs: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (TiO₂NPs), Group 3 (CeO₂NPs), and Group 4 (CuONPs). Samples were restored with composite and light cured. All specimens underwent 10,000 cycles of thermocycling for aging, followed by μTBS testing and failure mode evaluation using a universal testing machine and stereomicroscope. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to assess the DC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to evaluate resin tag length and examine the adhesive interface. Statistical analysis involved one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons of μTBS, DC, and resin tag (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05)<i>.</i> Group 3 (2% CeO₂NPs-UA) presented the maximum resin tag length (111.21 ± 2.81 μm) and highest μTBS (15.47 ± 0.88 MPa). However, the lowest bond integrity score (12.64 ± 0.5 MPa) and (76.29 ± 1.69 μm) was presented by Group 1 (0% NPs-UA) (12.64 ± 0.5 MPa) samples. Group 3 (2% CeO₂NPs-UA) (68.54 ± 6.77) adhesive showed DC comparable to 2% CuONPs-UA (67.58 ± 9.65) and UA-unmodified (74.33 ± 8.59) (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The UA enhanced with CeO₂NPs and CuONPs can be viewed as a viable option, given its improved μTBS and resin tag length as observed through SEM. Furthermore, the modification of UA using CeO₂NPs and CuONPs exhibits a DC comparable to that of the unmodified adhesive control.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 11","pages":"2957-2966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Histopathological Image Reconstruction and Classification Using Multi-Input Super-Resolution and Lightweight Neural Networks","authors":"Ravindranath Kadirappa,&nbsp;Yeswanth Pujari Venkata,&nbsp;Deivalakshmi Subbian","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in cancer-related diagnoses in previous years. The mortality rate can be reduced if the cancer is identified at an early stage. In the early stages, the images are acquired through radiography imaging. However, in critical cases, histopathological imaging is used. In these cases, extreme care is to be taken to avoid any misclassification. The histopathological images are high-resolution images; however, in cases where image quality is lost, classification accuracy will be degraded. In this paper, a multi-input super-resolution neural network (MISRNN) is proposed to restore high-resolution images from low-resolution images. To carry out the proposed work, the histopathological images of four classes were collected from a private hospital. To simulate the real-world scenario, the low-resolution images of factors ×2, ×4, and ×6 are obtained through the bicubic interpolation technique. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, MISRNN, the quantitative metrics PSNR and SSIM are used. The proposed MISRNN achieved the PSNR values of 39.12, 33.98, and 31.02 dB and SSIM values of 0.948, 0.868, and 0.807 on the ×2, ×4, and ×6 images, respectively. The reconstructed super-resolution images are used for classification. The performance of the proposed classification model is improved by the reconstructed super-resolution images. The proposed model can classify the reconstructed super-resolution histopathological images with an accuracy value of 96.7%. The proposed methodology, super-resolution followed by classification, can be used as a benchmark for further research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 11","pages":"2934-2956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature's 3D Printer: A Single-Cell Resolution Histology Atlas of the Oviduct Gland in Skate Okamejei kenojei","authors":"Bingxin Guan,&nbsp;Yuan Chen,&nbsp;Guangbin Shao,&nbsp;Jiawei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhizhong Xiao,&nbsp;Kun Wang,&nbsp;Guang Gao","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The oviduct gland of cartilaginous fish (sharks, skates, and chimeras) synthesizes a highly cross-linked biomaterial that forms a protective leathery egg case, commonly known as “mermaid's purses.” Understanding the tissue structure of this organ is critical for elucidating the synthesis process of this promising material. In this study, we performed a histological investigation of the oviduct gland in an oviparous skate, <i>Okamejei kenojei</i>, using paraffin sectioning to generate three-dimensional morphological data. A total of 654 tissue sections were collected and made open source. Our results reveal that the oviduct gland of <i>O. kenojei</i> exhibits a typical zonal structure. The club and papillary zones account for 7.74% ± 7.58% of the gland, while the baffle zone, the largest region, comprises 25–30 layers of glandular ducts, including serous gland ducts (64.72% ± 5.86%) and mixed-type ducts (0.95% ± 1.74%), predominantly distributed along the lateral margins. The terminal zone represents the smallest region, accounting for 2.17% ± 0.54% of the gland. These findings enhance our understanding of the secretion mechanisms involved in the formation of this natural biomedical material. They also provide a foundation for further studies on marine biological histology and the development of biomimetic materials through comparisons with the oviduct glands of other cartilaginous fish.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 11","pages":"2909-2917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Zinc Precursors on the Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Applications of Green Synthesized ZnO Nanostructures Using Calluna vulgaris","authors":"Halit Altuntas,&nbsp;Feyza Oke-Altuntas,&nbsp;Selin Saritan,&nbsp;Hakan Colak","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we report the environmentally friendly green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures using <i>Calluna vulgaris</i> (<i>C. vulgaris</i>) leaves extract. The extract was used as a reductant and stabilizer in aqueous medium instead of chemicals and two different precursors, zinc acetate dihydrate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate, were used to synthesize ZnO-Acetate and ZnO-Nitrate nanostructures, respectively. The optical, structural, and morphological characteristics of the green synthesized ZnO nanostructures were investigated by UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The optical band gaps of ZnO-Acetate and ZnO-Nitrate nanostructures were obtained as 2.56 and 3.20 eV, respectively. The synthesized ZnO nanostructures were used as a catalyst in the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and showed excellent degradation activity of 99% after 150 min of UV illumination. The degradation rate constants (<i>k</i>) were calculated as 0.041 and 0.035 min⁻¹ for ZnO-Acetate and ZnO-Nitrate nanostructures, respectively. The antibacterial potential of the ZnO-Acetate and ZnO-Nitrate nanostructures were evaluated against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and demonstrated good antibacterial activities, with inhibition zones of 13.5 and 18.1 mm, respectively. It was found that the optical characteristics, and surface morphology of the green synthesized ZnO nanostructures are strongly influenced by the nature of the zinc precursors and thus affects their photocatalytic and antibacterial properties. The results show that ZnO nanostructures can be synthesized with <i>C. vulgaris</i> leaf extracts via a green synthesis method that is cost-effective, rapid, environmentally friendly and safe, and has strong potential for antibacterial and photocatalytic applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 11","pages":"2918-2933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polypropylene Mesh Enhanced Healing of Large Metacarpal Wounds in Donkeys: Gross and Histopathological Insights","authors":"Osama Eissa,&nbsp;Ahmed F. Ahmed,&nbsp;Ramy K. A. Sayed,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Semieka,&nbsp;Nashwa Hamad","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wounds of the distal limb in equines are restored after a long period with the development of excessive granulation tissues and poor wound contraction and re-epithelialization. Although, the usage of mesh implantation has been emerged in hernioplasty in animals and humans, its effects on treatment of distal limb wounds in equines are still undefined. Hence, this study was intended to inspect the impact of polypropylene mesh application on healing of large-sized metacarpal skin wounds in donkeys through gross and histopathological investigations on days 28, 56, and 84 post-wounds induction. The results revealed that granulation tissues formed over the outer surface of the polypropylene mesh and emerged from the pores of the polypropylene mesh. Re-epithelialization from the four sides of the wound in addition to wound contraction induced a significant reduction in the wound size compared to the control group. Histopathological results revealed that the healing process was superior in mesh-implanted wounds through promoting re-epithelialization, neovascularization, fibroblast proliferation, collagen maturation, and reduced scar formation. In conclusion, the polypropylene mesh was beneficial in accelerating the healing process through enhancing epithelialization, properly limiting and regulating exaggerated hyper granulation tissues, and promoting the formation of healthy skin suggesting its promising application for metacarpal skin wounds of donkeys.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 11","pages":"2886-2897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of Surface Deformation in NiTi Endodontic Reciprocating Instruments Manufactured by Machining","authors":"Yenny Marcela Orozco-Ocampo,&nbsp;César Augusto Álvarez Vargas,&nbsp;Francy Nelly Jiménez-García,&nbsp;Daniel Escobar-Rincón,&nbsp;Paola Ximena Jaramillo-Gil","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70023","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to develop a methodology to quantify the surface deformation of WaveOne-Gold-Primary instruments after in vitro use. Fifteen reciprocating instruments were used to prepare artificial canals composed of diallyl-phthalate, bisphenol-A, and duralumin (<i>n</i> = 5 per group). Optical microscopy was employed to determine Euler-Almansi strains, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify shear bands and characterize fracture surfaces, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyze elemental composition. An ANOVA (95%) was conducted to assess significant differences in the strains. The instruments used in polymer canals exhibited untwisting and pronounced elongation, indicative of plastic deformation associated with ductile fractures. Although, atomic percentages of Ni and Ti remained relatively stable, a slight reduction in Ni was observed in the coating of the sterilized instruments. A mathematical model was proposed to correlate the strains with the number of pecks. This methodology provides a robust framework for measuring the deformation of machined NiTi instruments, contributing to a better understanding of their failure and potential prediction implications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 11","pages":"2898-2908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Sealer Placement and Activation Techniques on Sealer Penetration Depth and Penetration Area","authors":"Emrah Karataşlioğlu,&nbsp;Samet Tosun","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the effect of different activation methods (no activation, sonic, ultrasonic, and XP-Endo Finisher) on the penetration depth and area of AH Plus and MTA Fillapex sealers. Two hundred single-rooted teeth were prepared and randomly divided into eight groups (<i>n</i> = 25). Sealers stained with rhodamine B were inserted and activated as follows: Group 1 (control, no activation, G1A, G1M), Group 2 (sonic: G2A, G2M), Group 3 (ultrasonic: G3A, G3M), and Group 4 (XP-Endo Finisher: G4A, G4M). The single cone technique was used for filling, and specimens were sectioned perpendicularly. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) measured penetration depth, while penetration area was calculated as the sealer's penetration relative to the canal area. Two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Ultrasonic and XP-Endo Finisher activation significantly increased the penetration depth of MTA Fillapex compared to the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while no significant difference was found for AH Plus (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). MTA Fillapex also demonstrated a significantly greater penetration area than AH Plus when ultrasonic and XP-Endo Finisher activation were applied (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed between sealers in the control and sonic groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Activation methods did not significantly affect the penetration area of AH Plus (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). XP-Endo Finisher and ultrasonic activation significantly improved both penetration depth and area for MTA Fillapex but had limited effect on AH Plus. These findings highlight the clinical importance of selecting the appropriate activation technique based on the type of sealer used, as enhanced penetration may contribute to improved sealing ability and long-term endodontic success.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 11","pages":"2878-2885"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}