Microorganisms最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Manure Application Alters <i>phoC</i>- and <i>phoD</i>-Harboring Bacterial Communities and Soil Phosphatase Activities in Acidic Soil.","authors":"Manman Zheng, Long Guo, Zejiang Cai, Chao Wang, Renfang Shen","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14092107","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14092107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term manure fertilization changes soil phosphorus (P) availability and the microbial groups involved in organic P mineralization, but <i>phoC</i>- and <i>phoD</i>-harboring communities may respond differently. In this study, a ten-year continuous field experiment was performed with fertilization regimes: mineral NPK alone and NPK combined with 15, 30, or 45 Mg ha^-1 year^-1 fresh pig manure (NPKM1, NPKM2, and NPKM3). Overall, we found that soil pH rose from 4.07 under NPK to 5.24 under NPKM3, and available P increased from 57.4 to 398.6 mg kg^-1. In addition, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was higher under NPKM2 and NPKM3, whereas ALP increased significantly only under NPKM3. <i>phoC</i> gene abundance was highest under NPKM3, while <i>phoD</i> abundance increased progressively across the manure-containing treatments. Diversity and community composition responded differently for the two functional genes. <i>phoC</i>-harboring <i>Cupriavidus</i> dominated the <i>phoC</i> community and was positively associated with ACP activity, whereas <i>Pleomorphomonas</i> was positively associated with ALP. Exploratory association networks comprised 85 nodes and 246 edges for <i>phoC</i> and 201 nodes and 1093 edges for <i>phoD</i>; genus-resolved central OTUs were treated as putative network hubs rather than functional keystones. ACP correlated positively with <i>phoC</i> gene abundance (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and OTU richness (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while ALP correlated strongly with <i>phoD</i> gene abundance (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Overall, <i>phoC</i>- and <i>phoD</i>-harboring communities showed distinct responses to long-term fertilization regimes receiving manure, and those responses were associated with phosphatase activity without establishing direct causal pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Substrate-Specific Metabolic Adaptations for <i>n</i>-Alkane and Branched Alkane Degradation in <i>Dietzia</i> sp. CN-3.","authors":"Weiwei Chen, Xin Zhang, Nian Liu, Jun Min, Shiwei Cheng","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14092100","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14092100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria play a critical role in petroleum bioremediation, the substrate-specific metabolic pathways and adaptive mechanisms that underlie their competitive dominance remain poorly understood. <i>Dietzia</i> sp. CN-3, a salt-tolerant bacterium capable of utilizing both linear and branched alkanes, is an ideal model for investigating these regulatory networks. Here, we performed data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantitative proteomics to compare the proteomic landscapes of strain CN-3 grown on <i>n</i>-hexadecane (C₁₆), pristane, and glucose. During growth on C₁₆, strain CN-3 expressed a proposed terminal and subterminal oxidation pathway converting <i>n</i>-alkanes to acyl-CoA derivatives, involving AlkB and CYP153 hydroxylases, alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenases, Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases, and esterases. In contrast, pristane induced an alternative terminal oxidation pathway along with a substantially expanded repertoire of fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes to overcome steric hindrance. Functional heterologous expression of <i>alkB</i> in <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> KOB2Δ1 restored growth on C₁₂-C₁₆<i>n</i>-alkanes and enhanced the growth of the pCom8-alkB recombinant on C₂₈ (μ_max = 0.065 d^-1, OD_max = 0.333), confirming its role in medium- to long-chain alkane utilization. Our findings provide a systematic proteomic framework for understanding alkane oxidation in <i>Dietzia</i>, and offer mechanistic insights into the metabolic strategies that potentially drive strain CN-3's adaptability in hydrocarbon-contaminated environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional Physiological and Gut Microbiome Profiling Identifies Subtle Physiological Patterns in an Apparently Healthy Aging Indian Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.","authors":"Gangaraju Divyashri, Harini Hutti, Lalitha Prasanna Madduri Venkata, Bipin Pradeep Kumar, Ayako Yachie, Samik Ghosh","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14092097","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14092097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is characterized by gradual shifts in cellular and physiological processes, even in individuals who remain apparently clinically healthy. These changes reflect a coordinated decline in metabolic efficiency, immune regulation, organ function, psychological resilience, and sleep integrity, domains increasingly recognized as interconnected determinants of apparently healthy aging. This study explored age- and sex-associated patterns in multidimensional physiological domains and gut microbiota features among 45 apparently healthy middle-aged and elderly participants across four age-sex groups (middle-aged males, <i>n</i> = 13; middle-aged females, <i>n</i> = 11; elderly males, <i>n</i> = 13; elderly females, <i>n</i> = 8). Comprehensive clinical, metabolic, inflammatory, hepato-renal, psychological, and sleep parameters were standardized into domain-specific Z-scores, which were integrated into a composite multidimensional physiological health index (MPHI), a systems-level physiological index developed as a proxy for physiological processes associated with mitochondrial function and apparently healthy aging rather than a direct measure of mitochondrial biology. Whole-metagenome sequencing and MetaPhlAn-based taxonomic profiling were used to characterize gut microbiota composition and diversity. Despite no statistically significant overall differences among the four age-sex groups in multivariate analysis (MANOVA, <i>p</i> = 0.103) and gut microbial community structure (PERMANOVA, <i>p</i> = 0.651), descriptive variation was observed across several physiological domains, while microbiota-host associations remained exploratory and nominal after FDR correction. Middle-aged males showed comparatively less favorable metabolic and inflammatory profiles, while selected psychosocial and sleep-related measures showed variation across the age-sex groups, particularly among elderly females. Principal component analysis (PCA) of domain scores indicated multidimensional physiological variation influenced by inflammatory, metabolic, and hepato-renal indices, although substantial overlap was observed among the age-sex groups. The MPHI showed descriptive variation across the groups, with elderly males showing the highest composite scores and middle-aged females the lowest. Overall, the apparently healthy cohort showed subtle variation across interconnected physiological domains in the absence of overt differences in gut microbial community structure. These findings support the potential utility of composite physiological indices for exploratory characterization of multidimensional physiological variation during aging, while highlighting the need for validation in larger independent cohorts and against direct mitochondrial biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Analysis, Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Mining of <i>Amycolatopsis</i> sp. nov. TRM77291 and Antibacterial Activity of Siderochelin A.","authors":"Yi-Huang Chen, Lu-Yao Wang, Tao Luo, Mei-Ting Wang, Yu-Xiang Yao, Jian-Ming Wang, Zhu-Feng Zhang, Xiao-Xia Luo","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14092096","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14092096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Amycolatopsis</i>, belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, is known for producing diverse bioactive secondary metabolites and plays a significant role in microbial drug discovery. This study centers on the strain TRM77291, sourced from a unique habitat, and is postulated to represent a potential new species. This hypothesis is based on 16<i>S rRNA</i> gene phylogenetic analysis combined with physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic characterization. The strain's genome, consisting of 8.76 Mb with a G + C content of 68.89% and encoding 8572 genes, was analyzed through whole-genome sequencing. AntiSMASH analysis identified 38 biosynthetic gene clusters related to PKS, NRPS, and RiPPs, while BIG-SCAPE analysis indicated the potential for unique compound synthesis, including Cluster 7 and Cluster 35. Screening ten fermentation media determined millet medium as the most optimal choice. Siderochelin A, a monomeric compound isolated from a fermentation product, demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against various pathogenic bacteria. This study revealed a notable activity of Siderochelin A against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, providing a theoretical basis for discovering novel species, exploring secondary metabolites, and developing innovative antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Revolutionizing Probiotic Research.","authors":"Reza Nori, Parvin Shariati","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14092103","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14092103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microbiome, as a vast and dynamic community of microbes, is now recognized as a key regulator of host physiology, profoundly influencing health and susceptibility to disease. Accordingly, probiotics are a mainstay of prevention and treatment. But the individual complexity and dynamic specificity of an individual's microbiome make the previous \"one-size-fits-all\" research model completely invalid. This review systematically analyzes the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) as transformative computational tools necessary to surmount these challenges. In this article, we detail how these computational methods have been applied throughout the entire research and development pathway of probiotics, including novel strain identification (through multi-omics analysis), formulation and production optimization, and elucidation of complex mechanisms of action in the host. Furthermore, we highlight the emerging frontier of personalized probiotic therapy, demonstrating how AI/ML can be utilized to predict treatment efficacy based on individual host data. The objective of this article is to provide a detailed discourse on the actual and prospective applications of AI and ML in this process, ultimately delineating their revolutionary potential to inform the design of the next generation of probiotics with unprecedented precision, efficacy, and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-Resistant Bloodstream Infections Before and After COVID-19: A Temporal Assessment of Outcomes and Resistance Across Two Eras in a Non-COVID Intensive Care Unit-The MATURATE ICU Study.","authors":"Sotiria Kefala, Foteini Fligou, Ioannis Chandroulis, Marina Amerali, Stamatia Tsoupra, Eirini Zarkadi, Eleni Polyzou, Panagiota Pnevmatikou, Fevronia Kolonitsiou, Karolina Akinosoglou","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14092098","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14092098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic redirected infection control and antimicrobial stewardship towards SARS-CoV-2, potentially increasing multidrug-resistant (MDR) bloodstream infections (BSIs). We compared MDR BSI epidemiology and outcomes in a non-COVID intensive care unit (ICU) before and after the pandemic. The MATURATE ICU study retrospectively included adults with MDR BSIs admitted to a non-COVID ICU during the pre-COVID-19 (1 January 2017-1 January 2020) and post-COVID-19 (1 January 2022-1 January 2025) eras. Clinical, microbiological and outcome data were compared. Survival analyses and multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of ICU mortality. Overall, 146 patients were included (74 pre-COVID-19 and 72 post-COVID-19). Pre-COVID-19 patients were older and had higher comorbidity burden and severity indices (all <i>p</i> ≤ 0.023). ICU stay after the first positive blood culture was longer in the post-COVID-19 period (<i>p</i> = 0.003). New organ dysfunction, acute kidney injury, and septic shock were more frequent pre-COVID-19, whereas cardiovascular events were more frequent post-COVID-19. ICU mortality was higher pre-COVID-19 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Competing-risk analysis, treating ICU discharge alive as a competing event, demonstrated a significantly lower cumulative incidence of ICU death in the post-COVID-19 era (adjusted sHR 0.20, 95% CI 0.11-0.35; <i>p</i> < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, post-COVID-19 era independently predicted lower 28-day ICU mortality (adjusted OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.04-0.28, <i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas higher CCI (adjusted OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04-1.69, <i>p</i> = 0.027) and SOFA (adjusted OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.40, <i>p</i> = 0.003) independently predicted increased mortality. Despite the persistently high burden of antimicrobial resistance, improved post-COVID-19 survival suggests that, advances in ICU care and healthcare system recovery may have contributed to better outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sub-Inhibitory Rifampicin, Minocycline, and Dalbavancin on Early Biofilm Formation and Transcriptional Responses in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> SA113.","authors":"Adam Bieda, Sabine Illner, Volkmar Senz, Stefan Oschatz, Niels Grabow, Micha Löbermann, Emil Christian Reisinger, Martina Sombetzki","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14092101","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14092101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implant-associated infections are often caused by biofilm-forming pathogens such as <i>Staphylococcus (S.) aureus</i>. While local antibiotic delivery systems aim to prevent adhesion and biofilm establishment, declining drug concentrations may result in sub-inhibitory exposure, which can modulate bacterial adaptation linked to antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and regulatory responses. We investigated the effects of sub-inhibitory antibiotic exposure on biofilm formation in <i>S. aureus</i> SA113 and associated transcriptional responses. The biofilm-producing strain <i>S. aureus</i> SA113 was exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of rifampicin, minocycline, and dalbavancin during early biofilm formation. Phenotypic effects were assessed by crystal violet staining, enumeration of colony-forming units, and scanning electron microscopy, while transcriptional responses were analyzed by qPCR. Despite stable counts of culturable adherent bacteria, sub-inhibitory antibiotic exposure differentially altered biofilm formation and transcriptional responses. Rifampicin was associated with increased biomass at higher sub-inhibitory concentrations and increased early expression of <i>icaA</i>, <i>icaD</i> (+4.2 log₂) and <i>fnbA</i> (+2.7 log₂) at 1/2× MIC. Minocycline reduced biomass at lower concentrations with partial recovery toward control levels at 1/2× MIC, while transcriptional analysis at 1/4× MIC after 6 h showed increased expression of <i>icaA</i>, <i>icaD</i> (+2.1 log₂) and <i>fnbA</i> (+4.3 log₂). Dalbavancin induced a distinct transcriptional response characterized by increased expression of <i>vraS</i> (+1.1 log₂) and <i>lrgA</i> (+1.8 log₂), without induction of matrix-associated genes, while adherent biofilm biomass was reduced to 42.9% at 1/2× MIC. Morphologically, this was associated with compact aggregates rather than diffuse biofilm structures. Sub-inhibitory antibiotic exposure differentially modulated early biofilm formation in SA113 in a drug-specific manner. Overall, the distinct dalbavancin-associated response may be relevant for the development of preventive local drug-delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceftazidime-Avibactam Versus Colistin-Based Regimens for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infections: A Six-Year Retrospective Cohort and 30-Day Mortality Analysis.","authors":"Victor-Pierre Ormeneanu, Anca Zanfirescu, Corina Andrei, Florin Dumitru, Flavius Anghel, Răzvan Adam, Simona Negreș","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14092102","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14092102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) carry a high mortality, and comparative real-world data remain limited, particularly for metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and dual-carbapenemase producers. We conducted a single-centre, six-year (2020-2025) retrospective study of 308 adults with CPE BSIs at a Romanian tertiary hospital, applying multivariable logistic regression, Cox proportional-hazards models with a 72 h landmark analysis, and inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted (IPTW) regression to examine 30-day mortality and microbiological recurrence. Pre-specified sensitivity analyses addressed calendar period, carbapenemase class and incomplete outcome ascertainment. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> accounted for 92.5% of isolates, MBL determinants for 44.1% and dual carbapenemases for 31.8%. Thirty-day mortality was 72% among 275 patients with documented day-30 status. Vasopressor requirement, viral pneumonia and bacterial respiratory infection were independently associated with death, whereas definitive ceftazidime/avibactam with or without aztreonam (C/AVI ± AZT) was associated with lower mortality (adjusted OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.17-0.83). Mortality was 66.3% with C/AVI ± AZT, 79.3% with colistin and 67.1% with other regimens. After IPTW, C/AVI ± AZT was associated with lower 30-day mortality than colistin (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.26-0.93); in the OXA-48/KPC subgroup, the estimate was unchanged but less precise (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.20-1.19). The association was attenuated and no longer significant after adjustment for calendar period (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.37-1.42), with epoch-stratified estimates of 1.14, 0.75 and 0.44 for 2020-2021, 2022-2023 and 2024-2025, respectively; crude mortality under colistin was stable across epochs (81.1%, 76.6%, and 81.2%, respectively), whereas mortality under C/AVI ± AZT fell (83.3%, 72.2%, and 60.7%, respectively). Weighted estimates were near-identical in isolates with and without an MBL determinant (0.46 and 0.48, respectively). Recurrence (10.1%) was more frequent with single OXA-48 or MBL producers. C/AVI ± AZT was associated with lower 30-day mortality than colistin, but the association was concentrated in the period when the agent was routinely available and did not survive adjustment for calendar time. These findings describe an association, not a causal survival advantage.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Retail Mussels Marketed in Burgos, Spain.","authors":"Mariana Alves Elois, Nadine Yeramian, Daniel Perez-Alonso, Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro, Antonio Valero-Díaz, Álvaro Cañete-Reyes, Henrique Borges da Silva, Gislaine Fongaro, David Rodríguez-Lázaro","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14092099","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14092099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bivalve mollusks are recognized as bioaccumulators of enteric viruses and, therefore, represent important environmental sentinels for microbiological contamination. The contamination of these organisms is primarily associated with the exposure of coastal waters to human and agricultural effluents, which introduce pathogens into the aquatic environment. Due to their filter-feeding activity, bivalves can bioaccumulate these pathogens, and because they are often consumed raw or undercooked, contaminated bivalves may pose a public health risk. Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and norovirus genogroups I and II (NoV GI and NoV GII) are recognized by the European Food Safety Authority and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as major etiological agents responsible for numerous foodborne outbreaks worldwide. The absence of established regulatory limits for viral contamination in food has driven the development of molecular approaches to generate scientific evidence and support risk assessment and control strategies. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of HAV, HEV, NoV GI, and NoV GII in commercially available mussels (<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>). A total of 78 pooled samples, each comprising digestive tissues from four to five mussels, were collected from retail markets between February and December 2025 and during January and February 2026 and were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). NoV GII RNA was detected in 5 pooled samples, corresponding to an overall pool-level positivity of 6.4% (5/78; exact 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1-14.3%), while HAV, HEV, and NoV GI were not detected (0/78; exact 95% CI: 0.0-4.6%). RNA concentrations in positive pooled samples were low, with a mean of 143.3 ± 132.4 copies/g, a median of 120.0 copies/g, and cycle threshold (Ct) values consistent with low-level RNA detection. Overall, the findings indicate a low but detectable pool-level positivity of NoV GII in commercially available depurated mussels. The detection of viral RNA in retail mussels indicates previous exposure to viral contamination and supports the importance of continued virus-specific surveillance of commercially available bivalves.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of Groundwater Bacterial Communities to Extreme Rainfall in the Western North China Plain Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing.","authors":"Yuan Gao, Shengpin Li, Rui An, Yiwei Zhang, Haitao Piao, Tuoya Tai, Qianying Zhu, Qi Su, Yu Fei, Chenglong Han, Wenpeng Li, Kun Liu","doi":"10.3390/microorganisms14092095","DOIUrl":"10.3390/microorganisms14092095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extreme rainfall events significantly affect groundwater systems by altering hydrogeological conditions and accelerating the migration of pollutants, exacerbating the ecological vulnerability of over-exploited areas. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the ecological response mechanisms of microbial communities under extreme rainfall. This study focuses on the over-exploited area in the western North China Plain. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of 49 groundwater samples collected from the typical alluvial-diluvial plain in the study area impacted by extreme precipitation induced by Typhoon Doksuri, we revealed the effects of rainfall on the taxonomic composition, assembly mechanisms, and environmental drivers of groundwater microbial communities. We found that extreme rainfall influenced the distribution of dominant genera in groundwater and enriched tolerant bacterial communities, further causing a decline in groundwater microbial diversity. Our study confirmed that abundant subcommunities displayed strong microbial collaborations, while rare subcommunities exhibited higher sensitivity and evolved toward opportunistic groups after extreme rainfall. Rainfall influenced the composition of rare taxa, while enhancing the influence of stochastic processes to the assembly of subcommunities. Functionally, confined water favored anaerobic carbon fixation, methanogenesis and dissimilatory sulfate reduction, whereas the Calvin-Benson-Bassham pathway, nitrification, and denitrification were enriched in phreatic water. Additionally, abundant taxa exhibited significantly responses to carbon nutrients in shallow groundwater, whereas rare taxa were governed by mineral ions in deep confined aquifers after rainfall. This study expanded our knowledge of the groundwater microbiome driven by extreme rainfall events and was of great significance to the assessment of ecological stability in the western North China Plain.</p>","PeriodicalId":18667,"journal":{"name":"Microorganisms","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13608952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149062620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}