MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report最新文献

{"title":"Surveillance of Human Adenovirus Types and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Reporting - United States, 2017-2023.","authors":"Fatima Abdirizak, Amber K Winn, Rishika Parikh, Heather M Scobie, Xiaoyan Lu, Everardo Vega, Olivia Almendares, Hannah L Kirking, Erica Billig Rose, Benjamin J Silk","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7350a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7350a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are typically associated with mild respiratory illnesses, although severe disease and outbreaks in congregate settings occur. The National Adenovirus Type Reporting System (NATRS) is a passive, laboratory-based surveillance system that monitors trends in circulation of HAdV types in the United States. This report summarizes the distribution of HAdV types reported to NATRS during 2017-2023. During this 7-year period, 2,241 HAdV specimens with typing results were reported to NATRS. The number of specimens with HAdV typing results reported varied annually during 2017-2019 (range = 389-562) and declined during 2020-2023 (range = 58-356). During 2017-2023, six HAdV types (1-4, 7, and 14) accounted for 88.3% of typed specimens reported; 17.0% of specimens were identified as outbreak-related. An increase in type 41 reporting was associated with a hepatitis cluster during 2021-2022. Reporting to NATRS has declined since the COVID-19 pandemic, despite continued HAdV circulation reported through passive laboratory surveillance to the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System. Enhanced participation in NATRS is needed to improve monitoring of circulating HAdV types.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 50","pages":"1136-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Afghanistan, January 2023-September 2024.","authors":"Colleen Mone Hardy, Mandeep Rathee, Sumangala Chaudhury, Mufti Zubair Wadood, Fazal Ather, Elizabeth Henderson, Maureen Martinez","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7349a4","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7349a4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative began in 1988, wild poliovirus (WPV) types 2 and 3 have been eradicated, and annual polio case numbers have decreased by >99.9%. WPV type 1 (WPV1) transmission remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan, two countries that share a 1,600-mile (2,600-km) border. This report describes immunization and surveillance activities and progress toward polio eradication in Afghanistan during January 2023-September 2024. As of November 1, Afghanistan reported 23 WPV1 cases in 2024, with onset during January-September 30, 2024. During the 3 previous years, 12 WPV1 cases were reported, including six during 2023. In August 2021, the Taliban took control nationwide and allowed increased geographic access for poliovirus vaccination campaigns. Multiple challenges have affected polio eradication activities in Afghanistan, including mandated repatriation of approximately 1 million Afghans by Pakistan beginning in late 2023, the ongoing humanitarian crisis that limits international agency effectiveness, polio program constraints imposed by authorities, and increased restrictions on female participation in vaccination activities. House-to-house vaccination coverage reached 90%-98% of children during June-July 2024. Beginning in 2021, authorities had progressively lifted restrictions on house-to-house campaigns, but abruptly reverted to national restrictions in September 2024. Both nationwide house-to-house activities and strengthening of the routine childhood immunization program would help ensure that every vulnerable child is vaccinated and provide a pathway to polio eradication in Afghanistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 49","pages":"1129-1134"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Dengue - Puerto Rico, 2010-2024.","authors":"Dania M Rodriguez, Zachary J Madewell, Jomil M Torres, Aidsa Rivera, Joshua M Wong, Gilberto A Santiago, Vanessa Rivera-Amill, Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Melissa Marzan-Rodriguez, Laura E Adams","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7349a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7349a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue is a mosquitoborne viral illness that can cause acute febrile illness, severe disease, or death. Worldwide, the number of dengue cases is increasing. During the last dengue outbreaks in Puerto Rico throughout 2010-2013, dengue virus (DENV) serotype 1 (DENV-1) predominated, and the largest proportion of cases occurred among adolescents and young adults aged 10-19 years. Dengue case data from January 1, 2010-November 4, 2024, were obtained from the Puerto Rico Department of Health. Bivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the distribution of cases by patient age, DENV serotype, and hospitalization status during three periods: 2010-2019, 2020-2022, and 2023-2024. During 2023-2024, the median age of dengue cases increased to 26 years (95% CI = 25-27 years) compared with that during 2020-2022 (17 years; 95% CI = 17-18 years) and 2010-2019 (19 years; 95% CI = 19-19 years). After >10 years of DENV-1 predominance, the proportions of DENV serotypes 2 (DENV-2) and 3 (DENV-3) increased significantly during 2023-2024, with DENV-3 replacing DENV-1 as the predominant serotype. In addition, the proportion of dengue patients who were hospitalized increased from 35.7% (2010-2019) to 53.5% (2023-2024). The current dengue outbreak in Puerto Rico marks a shift in serotype predominance to DENV-3 and increasing percentages of cases in older age groups (61.7% in adults aged ≥20 years), although a high proportion of cases still occur among adolescents aged 10-19 years (29.5%). The current dengue outbreak also has a higher rate of hospitalizations than those in previous years. Understanding the changing epidemiology of dengue is crucial to guiding public health strategies for dengue control, including clinical management, surveillance and health care system resilience, and public outreach and education.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 49","pages":"1112-1117"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Dosing Interval and Schedule for the Bexsero MenB-4C Vaccine: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, October 2024.","authors":"Sarah Schillie, Jamie Loehr, Wilbur H Chen, Charlotte A Moser, Gabrielle Cooper, Cheryl Isenhour, Lucy A McNamara","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7349a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7349a3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two meningococcal serogroup B vaccines are licensed for use in the United States. In August 2024, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) changed the label for the meningococcal serogroup B MenB-4C vaccine (Bexsero) from a 2-dose schedule (intervals of 0 and ≥1 month) to a 2-dose schedule (0 and 6 months) and added a 3-dose schedule (0, 1-2, and 6 months), based on new immunogenicity data. On October 24, 2024, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to update its recommendations for the MenB-4C dosing interval and schedule to align with the new FDA label. ACIP recommends extending the interval for the 2-dose series of MenB-4C from 0 and ≥1 month to 0 and 6 months for healthy adolescents and young adults aged 16-23 years based on shared clinical decision-making and has added a recommendation for a 3-dose series with doses administered at 0, 1-2, and 6 months for persons aged ≥10 years at increased risk. The updated ACIP recommendations for MenB-4C align with existing ACIP recommendations for the other FDA-licensed meningococcal serogroup B vaccine, MenB-FHbp (Trumenba).</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 49","pages":"1124-1128"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11637420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Percentage* of Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Hypertension,^† by Sex and Race and Ethnicity - United States, August 2021-August 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7348a5","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7348a5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 48","pages":"1110"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11620339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Illegally Manufactured Fentanyls and Carfentanil in Drug Overdose Deaths - United States, 2021-2024.","authors":"Lauren J Tanz, Andrea Stewart, R Matt Gladden, Jean Y Ko, Lauren Owens, Julie O'Donnell","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7348a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7348a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During 2023, approximately 72,000, or nearly seven in 10, drug overdose deaths in the United States were estimated to involve illegally manufactured fentanyls (IMFs). Carfentanil, a fentanyl analog 100 times more potent than fentanyl, has reemerged in the U.S. drug supply. Using CDC's State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System data, this report describes trends in overdose deaths during January 2021-June 2024, overall and with IMFs detected, by U.S. Census Bureau region, and in deaths with carfentanil detected, in 45 states and the District of Columbia (DC). Numbers of deaths with carfentanil detected by state during January 2023-June 2024 in 49 states and DC are also reported. The number of overdose deaths with IMFs detected declined from 2022 to 2023 in the Northeast (3.2% decline), Midwest (7.8%), and South (2.8%) regions; deaths in the West increased 33.9%. The percentage of deaths with IMFs detected was steady at approximately 70%-80% in the Northeast, Midwest, and South. In contrast, the percentage of deaths with IMFs detected in the West increased from 48.5% during January-March 2021 to 66.5% during April-June 2024. Overdose deaths with carfentanil detected increased approximately sevenfold, from 29 during January-June 2023 to 238 during January-June 2024; during January 2023-June 2024, overdose deaths with carfentanil detected were reported in 37 states. Overdose prevention efforts that address the widespread presence of IMFs, including carfentanil, and can rapidly adapt to other potent opioids in the drug supply might result in lasting reductions in overdose deaths across the entire United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 48","pages":"1099-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11620336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence and Pregnancy and Infant Health Outcomes - Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, Nine U.S. Jurisdictions, 2016-2022.","authors":"Megan Steele-Baser, Alyssa L Brown, Denise V D'Angelo, Kathleen C Basile, Rosalyn D Lee, Antoinette T Nguyen, Cynthia H Cassell","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7348a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7348a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) can include emotional, physical, or sexual violence. IPV during pregnancy is a preventable cause of injury and death with negative short- and long-term impacts for pregnant women, infants, and families. Using data from the 2016-2022 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in nine U.S. jurisdictions, CDC examined associations between IPV during pregnancy among women with a recent live birth and the following outcomes: prenatal care initiation, health conditions during pregnancy (gestational diabetes, pregnancy-related hypertension, and depression), substance use during pregnancy, and infant birth outcomes. Overall, 5.4% of women reported IPV during pregnancy. Emotional IPV was most prevalent (5.2%), followed by physical (1.5%) and sexual (1.0%) IPV. All types were associated with delayed or no prenatal care; depression during pregnancy; cigarette smoking, alcohol use, marijuana or illicit substance use during pregnancy; and having an infant with low birth weight. Physical, sexual, and any IPV were associated with having a preterm birth. Physical IPV was associated with pregnancy-related hypertension. Evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies that address multiple types of IPV are important for supporting healthy parents and families because they might reduce pregnancy complications, depression and substance use during pregnancy, and adverse infant outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 48","pages":"1093-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11620338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Rollout of Nirsevimab to Protect Infants and Young Children During the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Season - New York City, 2023-2024.","authors":"Melanie S Askari, Kristin Oliver, Denise Benkel, Melissa Mickle-Hope, Vincent Tam, Marisa Langdon-Embry, Georgia Elysee, Bindy Crouch","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7348a4","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7348a4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 48","pages":"1107-1109"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11620337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated Recommendation for Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Adults Aged 19-59 Years - United States, 2024.","authors":"Amy L Sandul, Karina Rapposelli, Melissa Nyendak, Min Kim","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7348a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7348a3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccines have demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy during the past 4 decades (1,2). The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends universal HepB vaccination for adults aged 19-59 years, including pregnant persons, and adults aged ≥60 years with risk factors for hepatitis B. Adults aged ≥60 years without known risk factors for hepatitis B may also receive HepB vaccines (2).</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 48","pages":"1106"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11620335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress Toward UNAIDS Global HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Targets: CDC-Supported Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis - 37 Countries, 2017─2023.","authors":"Megan E Peck, Stephanie Davis, Elijah Odoyo-June, Jonathan Mwangi, Elvis Oyugi, Thai Hoang, Marcos Canda, Jessica Seleme, Maria Bock, Lylie Ndeikemona, Sibongile Dladla, Richard Machava, Nyagonde Nyagonde, Abdul Mashauri, Anna Colletar Awor, Stella Alamo, Omega Chituwo, Tina Chisenga, Rickie Malaba, Miriam Mutseta, Carrine Angumua, Kingsly Tse Nkwoh, Janique Ricketts, Kelly-Ann Gordon-Johnson, Victor Adamu, Scott Adamu-Oyegun, John Mondi Benson, Sudhir Bunga, Nasim Farach, Carlos Castaneda, Luis Bonilla, Sharmeen Premjee, Hanna B Demeke, Gaston Djomand, Carlos Toledo, Ramona Bhatia","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7347a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7347a3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces HIV acquisition risk from sex by 99% and from injection drug use by ≥74% when used as recommended. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has set a goal of 21.2 million persons using (initiating or continuing) PrEP globally in 2025. In 2016, CDC, with the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, joined ministries of health to implement PrEP globally. PrEP is beneficial for persons at substantial risk for acquiring HIV, including but not limited to key populations, which include female sex workers, men who have sex with men, persons in prisons and other enclosed settings, persons who inject drugs, and transgender persons. Annual country targets were used to guide scale-up. In 2023, CDC supported 856,816 PrEP initiations, which represents nearly one quarter of the 3.5 million persons globally who either initiated or continued PrEP that year. During 2017-2023, CDC supported PrEP initiations for 2,278,743 persons, 96.0% of whom were in sub-Saharan Africa. More than one half (64.0%) were female and 44.9% were aged 15-24 years. Overall, CDC achieved 118.7% of its PrEP initiation targets for the 7-year period. Among PrEP initiations for key populations, the majority in sub-Saharan Africa were female sex workers, whereas in Southeast Asia, Eurasia, and the Americas, the majority were men who have sex with men. Continued rapid scale-up is needed to meet the UNAIDS goal to end HIV as a public health threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"73 47","pages":"1082-1086"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}