MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Measles During an Outbreak - West Texas, January-March 2025.","authors":"Dennis Wang, Courtney C Rogers, Chelsea S Lutz, Elizabeth T Sajewski, Sadia Almas, Nakia S Clemmons, Kimberly A Gressick, Cynthia Hernandez, Zach Holbrooks, Mehgan T Kidd, Diana L Martínez, Kevin McClaran, Erica Mendoza, John S Milton, Kelly D Northcott, Kelley Raines, Saroj Rai, Katherine Wells, David E Sugerman, Carolyn Crisp, Varun Shetty, Thomas D Filardo, Jennifer A Shuford","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7520a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7520a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measles is a highly infectious respiratory virus with the potential to cause severe illness resulting in hospitalization or death. On January 29, 2025, the Texas Department of State Health Services Public Health Region 1 was notified by the South Plains Public Health District of a case of measles in an unvaccinated school-aged child. During January 20-March 18, 2025, a total of 325 confirmed measles cases were reported; 60 (18.5%) patients were hospitalized. Available medical records for 54 hospitalized patients were reviewed; 49 (90.7%) were aged <18 years, and 48 (88.9%) had no underlying medical conditions. All 54 were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination status. Hospitalized patients were admitted for a median of 2 days (range = 0-20 days) and many experienced complications, including pneumonia (39; 72.2%), dehydration (25; 46.3%), hepatitis (one; 1.9%), and febrile seizures (one; 1.9%). Thirty-eight (70.4%) hospitalized patients required supplemental oxygen, four (7.4%) were admitted to an intensive care unit, two (3.7%) required intubation and mechanical ventilation, and one (1.9%) died. Although most persons with confirmed measles were not hospitalized, approximately one in five required hospitalization, consistent with previously reported rates. Vaccination remains a critical tool for the prevention of measles infection and severe disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 20","pages":"252-257"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13218421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148055573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Infection and Colonization in a Long-Term Care Facility - Ontario, Canada, May 2024-January 2025.","authors":"Mehdi Aloosh, Handreen Mohammed Saeed, Laura F Mataseje","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7519a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7519a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms is a substantial public health concern because these organisms can cause severe, difficult-to-treat infections and spread easily in congregate settings. In January 2025, an outbreak of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) infection and colonization was identified in a long-term care facility (LTCF) in Ontario, Canada, after a resident's urine culture grew Escherichia coli carrying the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) gene. An investigation by the local public health agency in Windsor, Ontario, revealed that the source of infection was likely another patient with KPC-producing K. pneumoniae infection who had been admitted to the LTCF 1 year earlier without appropriate infection prevention and control precautions. The epidemiologic link between the two patients triggered unitwide screening. Three additional asymptomatic carriers who had not previously received CPE testing were identified during point-prevalence screening. All five affected residents were older adults with multiple comorbidities (including patients with frequent antibiotic use or an indwelling device such as a urinary catheter) who lived in the same unit and shared multiple potential exposure sources that likely contributed to the spread. Potential sources included overlapping staff member assignments, use of a common-area bathroom, and shared dining facilities. Whole genome sequencing confirmed the outbreak. Public health responses included rapid implementation of contact precautions, staff member cohorting, enhanced environmental cleaning, ensuring compliance with enhanced infection prevention and control practices, and risk communication with facility staff members, which halted further spread; evidence does not support the use of antimicrobials or other methods to decolonize asymptomatic CPE carriers. The outbreak highlighted the need for risk-based admission screening of LTCF residents, consistent infection-prevention practices, and antibiotic stewardship. Strengthening these practices can help prevent prolonged undetected transmission and reduce the incidence of CPE infection in congregate care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 19","pages":"241-245"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13193252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Context of Sunburn Among U.S. Adults - United States, 2024.","authors":"Dawn M Holman, Michael A Boring, Anne K Julian, Richard P Moser, Keegan T Peterson, Frank M Perna","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7519a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7519a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sunburn is an important risk factor for skin cancer. Understanding sunburn prevalence and the contexts in which sunburn commonly occurs might help guide the development and implementation of sun safety interventions. Data from the 2024 National Health Interview Survey sample adult questionnaire were analyzed to describe the prevalence of one or more and four or more sunburns among U.S. adults during the previous 12 months and the percentages of U.S. adults who experienced their most recent sunburn while they were working at their job; intentionally tanning; exercising; spending time in, on, or near water; using sunscreen; or drinking alcohol. Overall, an estimated 88.1 million (35.1%) U.S. adults had at least one sunburn during the previous 12 months, and 18.8 million (7.5%) had four or more sunburns. Among adults who experienced sunburn during the previous year, spending time in, on, or near the water was the most frequently reported context of their most recent sunburn (60.6%); followed by exercising (24.7%); drinking alcohol (17.6%); intentionally tanning (15.9%); and working at their job (12.9%). Approximately one half (55.1%) of respondents reported that their most recent sunburn occurred despite using sunscreen. These findings can help guide research and activities to adapt, tailor, and expand evidence-based interventions to improve use of sun protection, prevent sunburn, and reduce skin cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 19","pages":"246-251"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13193253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in Travel-Associated and Locally Acquired Dengue Cases - United States, 2024.","authors":"Sandra J Kiplagat, Dania M Rodriguez, Aidsa Rivera, Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Joshua M Wong, Laura E Adams","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7518a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7518a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue is a mosquitoborne viral disease that can cause mild to severe illness and death. During 2010-2023, an average of 828 dengue cases (range = 202-2,055) were reported annually to ArboNET, the national arboviral surveillance system for the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. During 2024, a record 3,798 dengue cases were reported, representing a 359% increase above the 2010-2023 annual average. Among these 3,798 cases, 97.2% were associated with travel outside the reporting jurisdiction during the 2 weeks preceding symptom onset; the remaining 2.8% were locally acquired. The number of dengue cases peaked during July-September (accounting for 41.6% of total annual cases), with the highest percentage (21.8%) of cases occurring among persons aged 50-59 years. Among travel-associated cases, acquisition occurred primarily in the Caribbean (including Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands) (34.1%), North America (Mexico and the United States) (24.3%), and Central America (15.6%); Hispanic or Latino persons accounted for 57.5% of all cases. Among all patients, 36.1% required hospitalization, 2.8% of cases were severe, and six (0.2%) patients died. Among 1,204 patients with known dengue virus (DENV) serotype, DENV-3 was the most commonly reported (54.8%) among the four DENV serotypes. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced prevention strategies, clinical awareness, and tailored public health messaging for travelers to areas where dengue is endemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 18","pages":"227-233"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13175395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Avian Influenza Among Owners of Backyard Flocks - United States, July-December 2025.","authors":"Melissa A Rolfes, Leah Bauck, Beth A Lipton, Sara F Margrey, Rebecca A Campagna, Elizabeth Harker, Colin A Basler, Courtney M Dewart, Sascha R Ellington, Stacy M Holzbauer, Malia J Ireland, Jeremy W Kuo, Christine M Szablewski, Lizette O Durand, Carrie Reed","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7518a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7518a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many U.S. households keep backyard bird flocks for their personal food supply or as garden partners. Backyard flocks in the United States have occasionally been infected with avian influenza A viruses, putting flock owners at risk for exposure. During July-December 2025, CDC, in collaboration with state health and agricultural partners, conducted an online survey to learn more about backyard flock owners and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to avian influenza. Among 638 respondents who completed the survey, 92% were White (and not Hispanic or Latino), and approximately one half had a graduate or professional degree; a majority kept small, predominantly chicken flocks; and many reported that wild birds could access their flock or the flock's food or water, which increases the flock's risk for avian influenza exposure. Although a majority of respondents had heard of avian influenza, approximately one third were unaware of the signs and symptoms of infection in their birds or humans. If they needed to interact with ill or dead birds, a majority of owners knew the recommended precautions to take and indicated willingness to use most, though not all, recommended personal protective equipment. These findings highlight important topics for risk messaging and educational resources so that backyard flock owners are better informed and better able to protect their flocks, themselves, and their families from avian influenza.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 18","pages":"234-239"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13175396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Avian Influenza Among Owners of Backyard Flocks - United States, July-December 2025.","authors":"Melissa A Rolfes, Leah Bauck, Beth A Lipton, Sara F Margrey, Rebecca A Campagna, Elizabeth Harker, Colin A Basler, Courtney M Dewart, Sascha R Ellington, Stacy M Holzbauer, Malia J Ireland, Jeremy W Kuo, Christine M Szablewski, Lizette O Durand, Carrie Reed","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7518a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7518a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many U.S. households keep backyard bird flocks for their personal food supply or as garden partners. Backyard flocks in the United States have occasionally been infected with avian influenza A viruses, putting flock owners at risk for exposure. During July-December 2025, CDC, in collaboration with state health and agricultural partners, conducted an online survey to learn more about backyard flock owners and their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to avian influenza. Among 638 respondents who completed the survey, 92% were White (and not Hispanic or Latino), and approximately one half had a graduate or professional degree; a majority kept small, predominantly chicken flocks; and many reported that wild birds could access their flock or the flock's food or water, which increases the flock's risk for avian influenza exposure. Although a majority of respondents had heard of avian influenza, approximately one third were unaware of the signs and symptoms of infection in their birds or humans. If they needed to interact with ill or dead birds, a majority of owners knew the recommended precautions to take and indicated willingness to use most, though not all, recommended personal protective equipment. These findings highlight important topics for risk messaging and educational resources so that backyard flock owners are better informed and better able to protect their flocks, themselves, and their families from avian influenza.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 18","pages":"234-239"},"PeriodicalIF":17.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serologic Evidence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in a Veterinary Professional Exposed to an Infected Domestic Cat - Los Angeles County, California, December 2024-January 2025.","authors":"Aisling Vaughan, Allison Joyce, Elizabeth Traub, Mellissa Jae, Emily Beeler, Erick Paiva, Kristopher Ananian, Crystal Holiday, Stacie Jefferson, Jessica Richardson, Cortney Munna, Cynthia Chan, Tamerin Scott, Noah Kojima, Tanya Seneviratne, Alexandra Mellis, Sonja J Olsen, Nicole Green, Matt Feaster, Dawn Terashita, Sharon Balter, Min Z Levine, Jamie Middleton, Annabelle de St Maurice","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7517a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7517a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since 2021, avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses have spread widely among wild birds and domesticated poultry in the United States, with sporadic spillover into mammals. During November 2024-January 2025, 19 domestic cats in Los Angeles County, California, became ill after consumption of commercially purchased raw milk, raw meat, or raw pet food; nine cats tested positive for influenza A(H5N1) virus (clade 2.3.4.4b genotype B3.13). Overall, 139 persons were exposed to the 19 infected cats, and all were monitored for symptoms. Although 30 persons reported influenza-like illness symptoms, none received a positive influenza A(H5) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result. In April 2025, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health and CDC invited all exposed persons to participate in an influenza A(H5N1) serosurvey to determine whether transmission of influenza A(H5N1) virus occurred, including in those without symptoms. Sera from 25 (18%) of the 139 exposed persons were tested. Among these, antibodies specific to A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4.b (antigenically similar to the clade 2.3.4.4.b influenza A[H5N1] virus isolated from the infected cats) were detected in serum from one veterinary professional, who was asymptomatic. This person did not use respiratory or eye protection during the exposure, did not report influenza-like illness after the exposure, and reported no other known risk factors for A(H5N1) infection. These findings represent serologic evidence of possible transmission of influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4.b virus from a domestic cat to a human, highlighting concerns about potential cat-to-human transmission of influenza A(H5N1) virus and the importance of infection control practices in veterinary settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 17","pages":"215-220"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Human Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N5) in a Backyard Flock Owner - Washington, November 2025.","authors":"Lynae Kibiger, Hanna N Oltean, Lisa Leitz, Emma Krause, Debra Barrett, Anna Halloran, Kyle Yomogida, Beth Lipton, Keely Paris, Jared Keirn, Minden Buswell, Allison Black, Pauline Trinh, Theresa Murray, Roberto Bonaccorso, Leticia Banuelos, Ethan Dieringer, Jennifer Lenahan, Emily Spence Davizon, Ellyn P Marder, Jocelyn Mullins, Meagan Kay, Eric J Chow, Sandra J Valenciano, John Lynch, Vanessa Makarewicz, Chloe Bryson-Cahn, Jennifer Hernandez, Kyla Haggith, Valicia Linn, Alex L Greninger, Stephanie Goya, Sierra Gulla, Jennifer Young, Sierra Kerns-Funk, Brianna da Silva Bhatia, Hollianne Bruce, Krista Kniss, Katie Reinhart, Rachel Ohlstein, Shannon Johnson, Christina Schofield, Patrick Smith, Amber Itle, Maura Gibson, Brandi Torrevillas, Azeza Falghoush, Thomas B Waltzek, Kevin Snekvik, Mia Torchetti, Timothy M Uyeki, Scott Lindquist","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7517a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7517a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clade 2.3.4.4b influenza A(H5N1) viruses have circulated across migratory bird flyways in the United States since 2022, including in Washington, where backyard flock detections have been reported annually. In November 2025, a Washington resident died from acute respiratory failure after receiving a positive influenza A(H5) test result at a hospital laboratory. Washington Public Health Laboratories confirmed influenza A(H5), and genomic sequencing identified influenza A(H5N5) virus (A6 genotype). Polymerase chain reaction testing detected highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) virus clade 2.3.4.4b from an apparently healthy backyard flock of ducks and sediment from a watering basin on the patient's property. Six of eight gene segments from the environmental sample and one duck sample (partial neuraminidase segment) were highly genetically similar to the patient's virus sequence. Although existing wild bird surveillance had not detected influenza A(H5N5) virus (A6) in the U.S. Pacific Flyway, introduction via wild birds into the environment of the backyard flock was likely the source of the patient's exposure. The public health investigation identified approximately 135 exposed persons; symptom monitoring and influenza testing detected no additional cases. The overall risk for avian influenza A remains low among the general U.S. population; however, novel avian influenza A virus infection should be considered in persons with symptoms of influenza and potential exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 17","pages":"221-225"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13152192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Increase in Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Activity - Vermont, 2023-2024.","authors":"Katherine M Strelau, Emily Pareles, Patsy Kelso, Christine Matusevich, Patti Casey, Eliza Doncaster, Kaitlynn Levine, Carolyn V Gould, J Erin Staples, Kelly A Fitzpatrick, Kristen L Burkhalter, Cynthia Roxanne Connelly, Natalie A Kwit","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7516a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7516a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus (EEEV) is a mosquitoborne alphavirus maintained in an enzootic cycle with mosquitoes and birds. EEEV can be transmitted to humans and susceptible animals by mosquitoes that bite both mammals and birds. EEEV causes severe neuroinvasive disease in humans; although an EEE vaccine is available for horses, no human vaccine is currently licensed, and treatment is supportive. Approximately one third of human cases are fatal, and many survivors experience long-term neurologic sequelae (1). In the United States, a majority of EEE cases occur in states along the Atlantic Coast, Gulf Coast, and Great Lakes. EEEV was first detected in Vermont during a 2010 serosurvey of hunter-harvested deer and moose (2,3). After a 2011 outbreak of EEEV on a Vermont emu farm (4), statewide mosquito surveillance for EEEV was implemented in 2012. During 2012-2022, two human and four animal EEE cases were reported to the Vermont Department of Health (VDH). During 2023-2024, EEEV activity in mammals and mosquitoes increased, prompting targeted outreach in affected areas. This report describes EEEV activity in Vermont during 2023-2024 based on human and equine cases and mosquito surveillance data.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 16","pages":"211-213"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Tuberculosis Outbreaks - United States, 2017-2023.","authors":"Kala M Raz, Maryam B Haddad, Sandy P Althomsons, Lauren Cowan, J Steve Kammerer, Chee Kin Lam, Clinton J McDaniel, James Posey, Sarah Talarico, William L Walker, Noah G Schwartz, Jonathan M Wortham","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7516a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7516a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During 2017-2023, based on an analysis of national genomic and tuberculosis (TB) case surveillance data, 50 large TB outbreaks (10 or more related TB cases in a 3-year period) involving 1,092 cases were identified in 23 states. Compared with 61,993 other persons who received a diagnosis of TB during this period, persons included in large outbreaks were more frequently U.S.-born (79% versus 26%), and a higher percentage reported substance use (27% versus 12%), homelessness (9% versus 5%), and incarceration (11% versus 3%). Approximately one fourth of these large outbreak-related cases were identified through contact tracing; these cases less commonly had clinical markers of highly infectious disease (23%) than did large outbreak-related cases identified through other methods (including evaluation associated with symptoms, targeted testing, or incidental findings) (61%), suggesting that contact tracing might have facilitated earlier diagnosis. Among the 50 large outbreaks, 34 (68%) were primarily associated with family or social networks, and 13 (26%) were primarily associated with congregate settings. Maintaining state and local public health capacity for outbreak detection, prevention, and response is essential, even in low-incidence jurisdictions. Effective outbreak responses must overcome barriers to diagnosis and treatment associated with homelessness and substance use and include efforts to build trust with affected communities. Procedures to promptly identify and isolate persons with infectious TB remain critical in congregate settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 16","pages":"205-210"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13132255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}