MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report最新文献

{"title":"Human Cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) - California, September-December 2024.","authors":"Sophie Zhu, Kathleen Harriman, Caterina Liu, Vit Kraushaar, Cora Hoover, Kyoo Shim, Sharon I Brummitt, Jocelyn Limas, Kathleen Garvey, Jennifer McNary, Nina J Gao, Rahil Ryder, Brandon Stavig, Jeffrey Schapiro, Christina Morales, Debra A Wadford, Holly Howard, James Heffelfinger, Rebecca Campagna, Esmeralda Iniguez-Stevens, Hamed Gharibi, Denise Lopez, Laura Esbenshade, Paula Ptomey, Kavita K Trivedi, Jade A Herrera, Joanna Locke, Nicholas Moss, Paul Rzucidlo, Kimberly Hernandez, Minhphuong Nguyen, Simon Paul, Justin Mateo, Carlos Del Carmen Luna, Yer Chang, Maria Rangel, Keiryl DeLeon, Aisha Masood, Thea Papasozomenos, Payeng Moua, Katie Reinhart, Krista Kniss, C Todd Davis, Marie K Kirby, Erica Pan, Erin L Murray","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7408a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7408a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persons who work closely with dairy cows, poultry, or other animals with suspected or confirmed infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses are at increased risk for infection. In September 2024, the California Department of Public Health was notified of the first human case of HPAI A(H5N1) in California through monitoring of workers on farms with infected cows. During September 30-December 24, 2024, a total of 38 persons received positive test results for HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in California; 37 were dairy farm workers with occupational exposure to sick cows, and one was a child aged <18 years with an undetermined exposure, the first pediatric HPAI A(H5N1) case reported in the United States. All patients had mild illness. The identification of cases associated with occupational exposure to HPAI A(H5N1) viruses on dairy farms highlights the continued risk for persons who work with infected animals. The pediatric case was identified through routine surveillance. Given recent increases in the prevalence of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses among some animal populations, public health agencies should continue to investigate cases of HPAI A(H5N1) in humans as part of control measures, pandemic preparedness, to identify concerning genetic changes, and to prevent and detect potential human-to-human transmission of the virus. To date, no human-to-human transmission of HPAI A(H5N1) virus has been identified in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 8","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11952288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Neurosyphilis, Ocular Syphilis, and Otic Syphilis - Chicago, January-October 2023.","authors":"Amy Nham, Taylor Holly, John Flores, David Kern, Irina Tabidze","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7408a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7408a3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 8","pages":"140-143"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11952290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Detection of Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 2 in Wastewater - Five European Countries, September-December 2024.","authors":"Shahin Huseynov, Eugene Saxentoff, Sabine Diedrich, Javier Martin, Magdalena Wieczorek, Maria Cabrerizo, Soile Blomqvist, Jaume Jorba, José Hagan","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7407a4","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7407a4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 7","pages":"122-124"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes From the Field: Enhanced Identification of Tobacco Use Among Adult Medicaid Members - King County, Washington, 2016-2023.","authors":"Amber K Sabbatini, Austin Craig, Eli Kern, Susan Hernandez, Caroline Brazeel, Alexandra Kearly, Madison Hluchan, Orobosa Idehen, Elizabeth Courtney-Long, Corinne Husten, Brian S Armour","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7407a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7407a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 7","pages":"116-117"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Mortality by Industry and Occupation - United States, 2020-2022.","authors":"Jacek M Mazurek, Girija Syamlal, David N Weissman","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7407a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7407a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive lung disease characterized by scarring and worsening lung function, has a poor prognosis. A recent systematic review estimated that 21% of IPF deaths might be attributable to occupational exposures. To describe IPF mortality among U.S. residents aged ≥15 years who were ever employed, by industry and occupation, CDC conducted an exploratory analysis of 2020-2022 multiple cause-of-death data. During 2020-2022, a total of 67,843 (39,712 [59%] male and 28,131 [41%] female) decedents had IPF, suggesting that during this 3-year period, 8,340 IPF deaths in males and 5,908 deaths in females might have been associated with occupational exposures. By industry group, the highest proportionate mortality ratios among males were among those employed in utilities (1.15) and among females, were among those employed in public administration (1.12). By occupation group, the highest IPF mortality rates among males were among community and social services workers (1.23) and among females among farming, fishing, and forestry workers (1.24). Estimates of elevated IPF mortality among workers in specific industries and occupations warrant confirmation, control of known exposure-related risk factors, and continued surveillance to better understand the full range of occupational exposures that might increase risk for developing IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 7","pages":"109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QuickStats: Percentage* of Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Chronic Pain in the Past 3 Months,^† by Sex and Urbanization Level^§ - United States, 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7407a5","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7407a5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 7","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Tobacco Product Use Among Adults - United States, 2017-2023.","authors":"René A Arrazola, Corinne G Husten, Monica E Cornelius, Brian S Armour","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7407a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7407a3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 7","pages":"118-121"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reports of Encephalopathy Among Children with Influenza-Associated Mortality - United States, 2010-11 Through 2024-25 Influenza Seasons.","authors":"Amara Fazal, Katie Reinhart, Stacy Huang, Krista Kniss, Samantha M Olson, Vivien G Dugan, Sascha Ellington, Alicia P Budd, Carrie Reed, Timothy M Uyeki, Shikha Garg","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In late January 2025, CDC received anecdotal reports of children with influenza-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), a severe form of influenza-associated encephalopathy or encephalitis (IAE), including several fatal cases. In response, CDC examined trends in the proportions of cases with IAE among influenza-associated pediatric deaths reported during the 2010-11 through 2024-25 influenza seasons, including demographic and clinical characteristics of identified cases. CDC contacted state health departments to ascertain whether any pediatric influenza-associated deaths with IAE reported this season also had a diagnosis of ANE. Among 1,840 pediatric influenza-associated deaths during the 2010-11 through 2024-25 influenza seasons, 166 (9%) had IAE, ranging from 0% (2020-21 season) to 14% (2011-12 season); preliminary data for the 2024-25 season (through February 8, 2025) indicate that nine of 68 (13%) had IAE. Across seasons, the median age of patients with fatal IAE was 6 years; 54% had no underlying medical conditions, and only 20% had received influenza vaccination. Because no dedicated national surveillance for IAE or ANE exists, it is unknown if the numbers of cases this season vary from expected numbers. Health care providers should consider IAE in children with acute febrile illness and neurologic signs or symptoms lasting >24 hours. Evaluation should include testing for influenza and other viruses and neuroimaging; clinical management should include early antiviral treatment for suspected or confirmed influenza and supportive critical care management as needed. Influenza vaccination is recommended for all eligible persons aged ≥6 months as long as influenza viruses are circulating.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 6","pages":"91-95"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interim Estimates of 2024-2025 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness - Four Vaccine Effectiveness Networks, United States, October 2024-February 2025.","authors":"Aaron M Frutos, Seana Cleary, Emily L Reeves, Haris M Ahmad, Ashley M Price, Wesley H Self, Yuwei Zhu, Basmah Safdar, Ithan D Peltan, Kevin W Gibbs, Matthew C Exline, Adam S Lauring, Sarah W Ball, Malini DeSilva, Sara Y Tartof, Kristin Dascomb, Stephanie A Irving, Nicola P Klein, Brian E Dixon, Toan C Ong, Ivana A Vaughn, Stacey L House, Kiran A Faryar, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Manjusha Gaglani, Karen J Wernli, Vel Murugan, Olivia L Williams, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Mary A Staat, Natasha B Halasa, Leila C Sahni, Marian G Michaels, Janet A Englund, Marie K Kirby, Diya Surie, Fatimah S Dawood, Benjamin R Clopper, Heidi L Moline, Ruth Link-Gelles, Amanda B Payne, Elizabeth Harker, Kristina Wielgosz, Zachary A Weber, Duck-Hye Yang, Nathaniel M Lewis, Jennifer DeCuir, Samantha M Olson, Jessie R Chung, Brendan Flannery, Lisa A Grohskopf, Carrie Reed, Shikha Garg, Sascha Ellington","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months in the United States. Interim influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated among patients with acute respiratory illness-associated outpatient visits and hospitalizations from four VE networks during the 2024-25 influenza season (October 2024-February 2025). Among children and adolescents aged <18 years, VE against any influenza was 32%, 59%, and 60% in the outpatient setting in three networks, and against influenza-associated hospitalization was 63% and 78% in two networks. Among adults aged ≥18 years, VE in the outpatient setting was 36% and 54% in two networks and was 41% and 55% against hospitalization in two networks. Preliminary estimates indicate that receipt of the 2024-2025 influenza vaccine reduced the likelihood of medically attended influenza and influenza-associated hospitalization. CDC recommends annual receipt of an age-appropriate influenza vaccine by all eligible persons aged ≥6 months as long as influenza viruses continue to circulate locally.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 6","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian Influenza A(H5) Subtype in Wastewater - Oregon, September 15, 2021-July 11, 2024.","authors":"Rebecca Falender, Tyler S Radniecki, Christine Kelly, Paul Cieslak, David Mickle, Harrison Hall, Ryan Scholz, Melissa Sutton","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a5","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater surveillance is an important tool in the surveillance of emerging pathogens and has been leveraged during the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus outbreak in cattle and poultry in the United States. Interpretation of avian influenza A(H5) subtype detections in wastewater requires an understanding of human and animal contributors to the sewershed because current testing does not distinguish between human and animal sources. Potential animal contributors include wild birds, farms with poultry or dairy cattle outbreaks, and dairy processing facilities. Retrospective analysis of 551 influenza A virus-positive wastewater surveillance samples from 20 sites in Oregon during September 15, 2021-July 11, 2024, revealed 21 avian influenza A(H5) subtype detections across 12 communities. Avian influenza A(H5) subtype detections in wastewater began approximately 6 weeks before Oregon's first HPAI outbreak in domestic poultry, 7 weeks before Oregon's first avian influenza A(H5) detection in wild birds, and 2 years before the first HPAI A(H5N1) outbreak in dairy cattle in the United States (Oregon has not detected HPAI A(H5N1) in dairy cattle or milk). No association was found between detection of avian influenza A(H5) in a community's wastewater and history of an HPAI A(H5) outbreak among poultry in the county or presence of dairy processing facilities or dairy farms within the sewershed. Avian influenza A(H5) was detected most frequently in two communities with important wild bird habitats. Animal inputs, including from wild birds, should be considered when interpreting avian influenza A(H5) subtype detections in wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 6","pages":"102-106"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}