MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report最新文献

{"title":"Avian Influenza A(H5) Subtype in Wastewater - Oregon, September 15, 2021-July 11, 2024.","authors":"Rebecca Falender, Tyler S Radniecki, Christine Kelly, Paul Cieslak, David Mickle, Harrison Hall, Ryan Scholz, Melissa Sutton","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a5","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater surveillance is an important tool in the surveillance of emerging pathogens and has been leveraged during the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus outbreak in cattle and poultry in the United States. Interpretation of avian influenza A(H5) subtype detections in wastewater requires an understanding of human and animal contributors to the sewershed because current testing does not distinguish between human and animal sources. Potential animal contributors include wild birds, farms with poultry or dairy cattle outbreaks, and dairy processing facilities. Retrospective analysis of 551 influenza A virus-positive wastewater surveillance samples from 20 sites in Oregon during September 15, 2021-July 11, 2024, revealed 21 avian influenza A(H5) subtype detections across 12 communities. Avian influenza A(H5) subtype detections in wastewater began approximately 6 weeks before Oregon's first HPAI outbreak in domestic poultry, 7 weeks before Oregon's first avian influenza A(H5) detection in wild birds, and 2 years before the first HPAI A(H5N1) outbreak in dairy cattle in the United States (Oregon has not detected HPAI A(H5N1) in dairy cattle or milk). No association was found between detection of avian influenza A(H5) in a community's wastewater and history of an HPAI A(H5) outbreak among poultry in the county or presence of dairy processing facilities or dairy farms within the sewershed. Avian influenza A(H5) was detected most frequently in two communities with important wild bird habitats. Animal inputs, including from wild birds, should be considered when interpreting avian influenza A(H5) subtype detections in wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 6","pages":"102-106"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interim Estimates of 2024-2025 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years - VISION and IVY Networks, September 2024-January 2025.","authors":"Ruth Link-Gelles, Sean Chickery, Alexander Webber, Toan C Ong, Elizabeth A K Rowley, Malini B DeSilva, Kristin Dascomb, Stephanie A Irving, Nicola P Klein, Shaun J Grannis, Michelle A Barron, Sarah E Reese, Charlene McEvoy, Tamara Sheffield, Allison L Naleway, Ousseny Zerbo, Colin Rogerson, Wesley H Self, Yuwei Zhu, Adam S Lauring, Emily T Martin, Ithan D Peltan, Adit A Ginde, Nicholas M Mohr, Kevin W Gibbs, David N Hager, Matthew E Prekker, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas Johnson, Jay S Steingrub, Akram Khan, Jamie R Felzer, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G Wilson, Nida Qadir, Christopher Mallow, Jennie H Kwon, Cristie Columbus, Ivana A Vaughn, Basmah Safdar, Jarrod M Mosier, Estelle S Harris, James D Chappell, Natasha Halasa, Cassandra Johnson, Karthik Natarajan, Nathaniel M Lewis, Sascha Ellington, Emily L Reeves, Jennifer DeCuir, Meredith McMorrow, Clinton R Paden, Amanda B Payne, Fatimah S Dawood, Diya Surie","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 vaccination averted approximately 68,000 hospitalizations during the 2023-24 respiratory season. In June 2024, CDC and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that all persons aged ≥6 months receive a 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine, which targets Omicron JN.1 and JN.1-derived sublineages. Interim effectiveness of 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccines was estimated against COVID-19-associated emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) visits during September 2024-January 2025 among adults aged ≥18 years in one CDC-funded vaccine effectiveness (VE) network, against COVID-19-associated hospitalization in immunocompetent adults aged ≥65 years in two networks, and against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years with immunocompromising conditions in one network. Among adults aged ≥18 years, VE against COVID-19-associated ED/UC visits was 33% (95% CI = 28%-38%) during the first 7-119 days after vaccination. Among immunocompetent adults aged ≥65 years from two CDC networks, VE estimates against COVID-19-associated hospitalization were 45% (95% CI = 36%-53%) and 46% (95% CI = 26%-60%) during the first 7-119 days after vaccination. Among adults aged ≥65 years with immunocompromising conditions in one network, VE was 40% (95% CI = 21%-54%) during the first 7-119 days after vaccination. These findings demonstrate that vaccination with a 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine dose provides additional protection against COVID-19-associated ED/UC encounters and hospitalizations compared with not receiving a 2024-2025 dose and support current CDC and ACIP recommendations that all persons aged ≥6 months receive a 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 6","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QuickStats: Percentage Distribution of Deaths Attributed to Excessive Cold or Hypothermia,* by Month - United States, 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a6","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 6","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Cervical Precancers Identified Through Population-Based Surveillance - Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Impact Monitoring Project, Five Sites, United States, 2008-2022.","authors":"Julia W Gargano, Ruth Stefanos, Rebecca M Dahl, Jessica L Castilho, Erica A Bostick, Linda M Niccolai, Ina U Park, Sheelah Blankenship, Monica M Brackney, Kameny Chan, Emily L Delikat, Sara Ehlers, Kimberly Gonzalez Barrera, RaeAnne Kurtz, James I Meek, Erin Whitney, Marissa Vigar, Elizabeth R Unger, Lauri E Markowitz","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a4","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2006, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was first recommended in the United States to prevent cancers and other diseases caused by HPV; vaccination coverage increased steadily through 2021, and increasing numbers of young women had received HPV vaccine as children or adolescents. Since 2008, CDC has monitored incidence of precancerous lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] grades 2-3 and adenocarcinoma in situ [AIS], collectively CIN2+), which are detected through cervical cancer screening and can be used as an intermediate outcome for monitoring vaccination impact, via the five-site Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Impact Monitoring Project. This analysis describes trends in incidence of CIN2+ and CIN3+ (i.e., CIN grade 3 and AIS) lesions during 2008-2022. Among women aged 20-24 years who were screened for cervical cancer, rates during 2008-2022 decreased for CIN2+ by 79%, and for CIN3+ by 80%. In the same period, CIN3+ rates among screened women aged 25-29 years decreased by 37%. These data are consistent with considerable impact of HPV vaccination for preventing cervical precancers among women in the age groups most likely to have been vaccinated, and support existing recommendations to vaccinate children at the routinely recommended ages as a cancer prevention measure.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 6","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection of Indoor Domestic Cats Within Dairy Industry Worker Households - Michigan, May 2024.","authors":"Ramya Naraharisetti, Meghan Weinberg, Becky Stoddard, Mary Grace Stobierski, Kimberly A Dodd, Nora Wineland, Mathew Beal, Jennifer Morse, Samantha Hatter, Dodd Sledge, Katelynn Youatt, Joseph Coyle, Jevon McFadden, Timothy M Uyeki, Lizette O Durand","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7405a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7405a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.13 infection has been documented in cats on U.S. dairy cattle farms. In May 2024, the detection of HPAI A(H5N1) virus infection in two cats that were reported to be exclusively indoor, and that had respiratory and neurologic illness in different households, prompted an investigation by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and Mid-Michigan District Health Department (MDHHS/MMDHD). The cats' owners and household members were interviewed and offered testing for influenza A(H5) virus. The owner of one cat worked on a dairy farm but declined A(H5) testing; three other household members received negative A(H5) test results. The owner of the other cat lived alone and worked on multiple dairy farms transporting unpasteurized milk; this worker also reported getting splashed in the face and eyes by unpasteurized milk but declined A(H5) testing. Both workers were employed in a county known by MDHHS/MMDHD to have HPAI A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.13-positive dairy cattle. In states with confirmed HPAI A(H5N1) in livestock, veterinary care can be aided if veterinarians obtain household members' occupational information, especially when evaluating cats with signs of respiratory or neurologic illness. If occupational exposure to HPAI A(H5N1)-infected livestock is identified among cat owners, and their companion cats are suspected to have HPAI A(H5N1) virus infection, it is important that veterinarians contact state and federal public health and animal health officials to collaborate on joint One Health investigations and testing to protect human and animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 5","pages":"61-65"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Genomic and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Guide a Hepatitis A Outbreak Response - Los Angeles County, March 2024-June 2024.","authors":"Jordan B Braunfeld, Bonnie L Dao, Justin Buendia, Raiza Amiling, Cierra LeBlanc, Mirna P Jewell, Hannah Henry, Giorgio Cosentino, Prabhu Gounder","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7405a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7405a3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 5","pages":"66-68"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue Outbreak and Response - Puerto Rico, 2024.","authors":"Fhallon Ware-Gilmore, Dania M Rodriguez, Kyle Ryff Mph, Jomil M Torres, Miladys Perez Velez, Cristhian T Torres-Toro, Gilberto A Santiago, Aidsa Rivera, Zachary J Madewell, Yashira Maldonado, Iris Cardona-Gerena, Grayson C Brown, Laura E Adams, Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Melissa Marzán-Rodriguez","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7405a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7405a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue, a mosquitoborne viral infection, is a public health threat in Puerto Rico, where multiple dengue virus (DENV) serotypes circulate. Dengue causes an acute febrile illness that can progress to severe disease or death. The last outbreak declared by the Puerto Rico Department of Health occurred during 2013. In January 2024, the number of dengue cases in Puerto Rico surpassed the epidemic threshold and remained elevated, prompting the Puerto Rico Department of Health to declare a public health emergency in March 2024. In collaboration with CDC, a dengue outbreak response was initiated to monitor the outbreak and implement vector-control measures alongside public health campaigns to raise awareness about increasing dengue case numbers and strategies to prevent mosquito bites. During 2024, a total of 6,291 confirmed dengue cases were reported; the highest numbers of cases were reported in the municipalities of San Juan (1,200; 17.3%), Carolina (354; 5.1%), and Rincón (252; 3.6%). DENV serotype 3 predominated, accounting for 59.2% of cases with known serotype. Approximately one half of ill patients (52.3%) required hospitalization, with the highest percentages of hospitalizations (33.9%) and severe dengue cases (28.4%) occurring among persons aged 10-19 years. Overall, severe dengue was identified in 4.2% of cases, with 11 reported fatalities (0.2%). Transmission remains elevated in multiple regions, underscoring the need for tailored public health measures, including vaccination among eligible populations, vector management, community outreach, and provider education to facilitate improved outcomes. To reduce the risk for mosquito bites, residents of and visitors to Puerto Rico should consider using repellents, wearing protective clothing, and staying in places with door and window screens.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 5","pages":"54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Elevated Atmospheric Lead Levels During the Los Angeles Urban Fires - California, January 2025.","authors":"Haroula D Baliaka, Ryan X Ward, Roya Bahreini, Ann M Dillner, Armistead G Russell, John H Seinfeld, Richard C Flagan, Paul O Wennberg, Nga L Ng","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7405a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7405a4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 5","pages":"69-71"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Clade Ib Monkeypox Virus Infection Reported in the Americas - California, November 2024.","authors":"Vivian Levy, Anna Branzuela, Kristina Hsieh, Shiffen Getabecha, Ricardo Berumen, Kayla Saadeh, Robert E Snyder, Gillian Marek, Daniel Dodson, Alyssa Newman, Jill K Hacker, Chantha Kath, Faisal S Minhaj, Crystal M Gigante, Shannon Gearhart, Alexander Kallen, Christina L Hutson, Kathleen Jacobson","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7404a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7404a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak is ongoing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; travel-associated clade I MPXV infections have been reported in non-African countries. In November 2024, San Mateo County Health in California identified an electronic laboratory report of polymerase chain reaction results suggestive of clade I MPXV infection in a male traveler who had recently returned from East Africa. After conferring with the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), a county health department worker visited the patient that same day at his home and obtained skin pustule swab specimens for expedited clade I MPXV testing. Clade I MPXV was confirmed the following day by the CDPH Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory. This was the first reported clade I MPXV infection in the Americas. Among 83 identified contacts, five received JYNNEOS vaccine as postexposure prophylaxis. All contacts were monitored for 21 days; no secondary cases were identified. Patients with mpox-compatible lesions or clinical features should receive MPXV testing, and health care providers should immediately notify public health authorities of suspected clade I MPXV infections (e.g., mpox manifestations and travel history to an area with ongoing clade I MPXV transmission) or upon receiving a nonvariola orthopoxvirus DNA detected, clade II MPXV DNA undetectable test result to trigger additional testing and facilitate the rapid implementation of transmission-based precautions and other preventive public health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 4","pages":"44-49"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Seroprevalence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5) Virus Infections Among Bovine Veterinary Practitioners - United States, September 2024.","authors":"Jerome Leonard, Elizabeth J Harker, Christine M Szablewski, Sara F Margrey, K Fred Gingrich, Keyana Crossley, Emily Fletcher, Claire J McCreavy, Sabrina Weis-Torres, Dennis Wang, Emma K Noble, Min Z Levine, H Pamela Pagano, Crystal Holiday, Feng Liu, Stacie Jefferson, Zhu-Nan Li, F Liaini Gross, Carrie Reed, Sascha Ellington, Alexandra M Mellis, Samantha M Olson","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7404a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7404a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 4","pages":"50-52"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}