MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report最新文献

{"title":"Southward Expansion of Ixodes scapularis (Blacklegged) Tick Pathogens - Western North Carolina, November 2024-August 2025.","authors":"Sean Sweeney, Ayla Bullock, Michael Reiskind, Angela Newnam, Jonathan Kanipe, Melissa S Nolan, Ross M Boyce","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7531a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7531a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Southern Appalachia is a region where Lyme disease is emerging but not yet considered endemic. In response to local concerns about increased numbers of tickborne disease cases, researchers collected ticks monthly at 22 residential properties in the town of Biltmore Forest, North Carolina. During November 2024-August 2025, a total of 373 ticks were collected, 287 (76.9%) of which were blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). Among these, 19 of 48 adult Ix. scapularis (39.6%) tested positive for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. Borrelia miyamotoi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were also identified in collected Ix. scapularis ticks, suggesting an expansion of the geographic range of these ticks and pathogens. These findings illustrate the evolving epidemiology of tickborne infection risk and the need for enhanced tick surveillance in southern Appalachia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 31","pages":"398-402"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Potential Infant HIV Exposure from Donated Breast Milk Received Through Social Media - Santa Clara County, California, May 2025-January 2026.","authors":"Alessandra Løchen, David Pang, Sonya Howard, Rene Padilla, Lizabell Monterrosa, Irene Sanchez Quintana, Kathy Klebba, Syeda Iqbal, Hailey Chua, Tommy Cline, Allison Aguilar, Brandon Bonin, Monika Roy, Akanksha Vaidya","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7531a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7531a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 31","pages":"403-404"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13472475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poisoning Deaths in a Workshop for Ceremonial Papermaking - China, May 2025.","authors":"Zhi Jiang, Siwei Luo, Di Wu, Qi Yang, Fuqin Chen, Jing Chen, Wei Nie, Youming Li, Huihui Liu, Yingxin Pei","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7530a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7530a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On May 14, 2025, a county-level Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) in southwestern China received a report of the sudden death of four employees of a small workshop for ceremonial papermaking, which was operating without required safety and environmental approvals. The first person who died was a woman who lost consciousness while cleaning a wastewater tank. During the next 20 minutes, three of the woman's family members, also employees, entered the tank to attempt to rescue her. All four persons, including the workshop operator's wife, the workshop operator's son, the workshop operator, and the workshop operator's daughter, died. The county China CDC launched an immediate investigation, and the Intermediate Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program and provincial and city China CDC staff members conducted a joint, on-site investigation that included identification of cases, analysis of the gas composition, and interviews of residents of the town and physicians to identify the cause of the apparent toxic exposure. Analyses revealed that levels of the highly toxic gases hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen fluoride, and phosphine were several times higher than the maximum allowable concentrations. Clinical signs among the decedents were consistent with poisoning by these gases. Lack of personal protective equipment in a confined space and the presence of toxic gases likely led to the multiple exposures and delayed response by rescue services. Although working in confined spaces with toxic gases is a known exposure risk, these exposures continue to be reported in China and have included deaths in the papermaking industry. These deaths highlight the importance of effective regulations for papermaking workshops and administrative controls, improved supervision, and education for workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 30","pages":"385-390"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Emergency Department Visits Involving Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome Identified Using a New Diagnosis Code - United States, January 2023-May 2026.","authors":"Alana M Vivolo-Kantor, Stephen Liu, Lauren J Tanz, Christine L Mattson, Josh Schier","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7530a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7530a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a condition characterized by cyclical nausea and vomiting and is associated with frequent cannabis use. Data from CDC's National Syndromic Surveillance Program were analyzed to examine trends in CHS-involved emergency department (ED) visits before and after implementation of a new, CHS-specific International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code on October 1, 2025. Monthly CHS-involved ED visits per 10,000 all-cause visits were assessed overall and by demographic characteristics. During January 2023-May 2026, a total of 199,565 ED visits involved CHS. During January 2023-September 2025, the proportion of ED visits that involved CHS remained mostly steady. In the first month after implementation of the new diagnostic code, the proportion of CHS-involved ED visits increased from 3.35 per 10,000 ED visits in September 2025 (preimplementation) to 11.26 per 10,000 ED visits in October 2025 (postimplementation). During the first 8 months after implementation of the new code (October 2025-May 2026), average monthly proportions of CHS-involved ED visits were 3.7 times as high as the monthly average during January 2023-September 2025. Higher proportions of CHS-involved ED visits were observed among persons aged 15-24 years and females, with more pronounced impacts among some demographic groups after code implementation. The abrupt, sustained increase might partly reflect improved recognition and coding of CHS rather than a true rise in incidence. These findings highlight a likely underestimated impact of CHS, suggesting the need to strengthen education about the risks associated with frequent cannabis use, expand ongoing surveillance efforts, and improve clinical recognition of CHS through continuing medical education and implementation of routine cannabis use assessment in ED settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 30","pages":"391-396"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases - United States, 2024.","authors":"Kimberly E Mace, Daniel Jacobs, Carolyn V Gould, J Erin Staples, Shelby L Lyons","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7529a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7529a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the United States, arthropodborne viruses (arboviruses) are primarily transmitted by infected mosquitoes or ticks; rarely, they can be transmitted through blood transfusion or organ transplantation. Whereas a majority of arboviral infections are asymptomatic, symptomatic infections range from mild febrile illness to severe neuroinvasive disease. This report summarizes data for nationally notifiable domestic arboviral diseases with illness onset in 2024. Forty-eight states and the District of Columbia reported 1,955 arboviral disease cases, including 189 (10%) deaths. Although the number of West Nile virus (WNV) disease cases in 2024 was below the 10-year median (2,162), WNV caused most reported arboviral disease cases (1,808; 92%). Powassan virus disease was the second most commonly reported arboviral disease (60; 3%), increasing from a previous high of 49 cases in 2023. A majority of patients with arboviral disease were aged ≥60 years (1,133; 58%), were male (1,223; 63%), and had illness onset during July-September (1,603; 82%). However, La Crosse virus disease occurred almost exclusively among children aged <18 years (35 of 37 cases; median age = 8 years; interquartile interval = 5-10 years). Variations in annual demographic characteristics, disease incidence, distribution, and seasonal temporality of arboviral diseases highlight the importance of quality and -timely surveillance to increase awareness of disease risk, facilitate testing, and implement control measures. Clinicians should consider arboviral testing for patients with acute febrile or neurologic illness during periods when mosquitoes and ticks are active. Reducing arboviral disease morbidity and mortality relies on use of personal protective measures (e.g., insect repellent and protective clothing), implementing vector-control activities, and screening blood and organ donors for WNV.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 29","pages":"369-376"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Diagnostic Test Type on Detection of Salmonella Infections - Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 2004-2024.","authors":"Reese Tierney, Robin Pendley Louis, David J Boxrud, Kennedy Houck Lamas, Kristina M Angelo, Daniel L Weller","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7529a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7529a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonella species bacterial infections are a leading cause of enteric illness and can be diagnosed using bacterial culture or culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs). All culture-diagnosed cases are considered culture confirmed. After a positive CIDT, infection can be culture confirmed if reflex culture is attempted and yields an isolate. A culture-unconfirmed infection is a CIDT-diagnosed infection for which reflex culture was not attempted or failed to yield an isolate. Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network data from 2006 through 2023 were analyzed to compare the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of Salmonella infections after stratifying by diagnostic method (culture versus CIDT) and culture confirmation status (culture confirmed versus unconfirmed). To improve the precision and stability of temporal trend estimates, incidence trends during 2004-2024, as opposed to 2006-2023, were evaluated overall, by diagnostic method, and by confirmation status using regression. Although overall incidence remained stable from 2004 through 2024, the incidence of culture-diagnosed and -confirmed infections declined, and the incidence of CIDT-diagnosed and unconfirmed infections increased. Culture- and CIDT-diagnosed Salmonella infections were demographically similar but exhibited distinct clinical patterns, with CIDT diagnosis associated with milder and more sporadic illnesses, which suggests that these infections were historically underdiagnosed by culture-based diagnostics. The success of prevention efforts that reduce more severe, traditionally culture-detected Salmonella infections might be offset by the expanded detection of milder infections through CIDTs. The increases in detection of milder infections through CIDTs may offset the results of successes in prevention efforts in reduction in severe Salmonella infections. Understanding how diagnostic methods influence observed surveillance trends is therefore critical for evaluating and guiding future prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 29","pages":"377-383"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13422702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress Toward Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome Elimination - Worldwide, 2012-2024.","authors":"Melissa Dahlke, Kimberly A Dautel, Emilia Vynnycky, Christina Still, Timoleon Papadopoulos, Hyacinthe J Kabore, Tushar Singh, Laura A Zimmerman, Michelle Morales","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7528a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7528a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rubella is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable birth defects. Rubella virus infection during pregnancy can result in miscarriage, fetal death, stillbirth, or a constellation of birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Vaccination is the primary method for preventing rubella and CRS, and a single dose of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) provides lifelong protection. In 2024, the World Health Organization recommended introduction of RCV in all countries. Achieving rubella elimination is a priority of the Immunization Agenda 2030. This report summarizes global progress toward elimination of rubella and CRS during 2012-2024. During this period, the number of countries that introduced RCV increased from 132 of 194 (68%) to 179 (92%), and global coverage with the first routinely scheduled dose of RCV rose from 39% to 73%. The number of reported rubella cases declined by 66%, from 94,277 in 2012 to 31,593 in 2024, with large outbreaks increasingly concentrated in fewer countries and geographic shifts observed as vaccine introductions advanced. Modeled estimates suggest that CRS cases declined by approximately 70% during the same period. Since 2012 when accelerated rubella control activities began, 117 of 194 (60%) countries have verified elimination of endemic rubella virus transmission. Despite this, in 2024, approximately 21 million infants aged 12-23 months lived in the 15 countries that had not introduced RCV. Although substantial progress has been made, achieving and sustaining rubella and CRS elimination will require RCV introduction in all the remaining countries and continued commitment from all countries to strengthen immunization and surveillance systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 28","pages":"356-363"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Initial Public Health Response to a Measles Outbreak in a Close-Knit West Texas Community - January-February 2025.","authors":"Carolyn A Crisp, Scott Milton, Chelsea S Lutz, Kelly Northcott, Kevin McClaran, Cynthia Hernandez, Sadia Almas, Zach Holbrooks, Katherine Wells, Elizabeth Sajewski, Atisha Morrison, Casey Schroeder, Maria Nolen, Jennifer Gonzales, Diana Martinez, Saroj Rai, Varun Shetty, Jennifer A Shuford","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7523a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7523a2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 23","pages":"300-302"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13277666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Case of Legionnaires Disease Associated with a Home Device Used to Mix Powdered Infant Formula - United States, 2025.","authors":"Eric J Stern, Judie Hyun, Elizabeth J Hannapel, Melisa Willby, Chris Edens","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7523a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7523a1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 23","pages":"297-299"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13277664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Risk to the U.S. Population from the Ebola Disease Outbreak Caused by Bundibugyo Virus, 2026.","authors":"Danielle M Richard, Isobel Routledge, Sarah Koeller, Isaac Ghinai, Christopher H Hsu, Kevin Chatham-Stephens, Beau B Bruce, Rebecca Kahn, Inga Holmdahl","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7522e2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7522e2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On May 15, 2026, the ministries of health in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda declared outbreaks of Bundibugyo virus disease (BVD), a type of Ebola disease. In response to reports of high numbers of suspected cases and deaths in the affected countries, CDC assessed the risk posed by the BVD outbreak to the U.S. population during the next 3 months. This analysis used a standardized risk assessment approach that included epidemiologic data from the ongoing outbreak and historical data from previous Ebola outbreaks; the overall risk was determined by taking into account independent assessments of the likelihood of infection and the impact of infection. The assessment found that the overall risk to the U.S. population posed by the current BVD outbreak during the next 3 months is low, based on the extremely low likelihood of transmission, despite the high impact that potential infection could have and the resources that would be required to respond to the outbreak. Limitations to this assessment included uncertainties around the epidemiology of BVD as well as the current and future scope and geographic spread of the outbreak. CDC continues to monitor factors that could change this risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"75 22","pages":"290-292"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13258049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148226493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}