MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report最新文献

{"title":"Newly Reported Chronic Hepatitis C Among Adults - Alaska, 2016-2023.","authors":"Heather M Scobie, Jamie Allison, Nicholas Masters, Morrow Toomey, Ian Blake, Janet M Johnston, Eyasu Teshale, Robert Lawrence, Elizabeth Ohlsen, Dana Bruden, Marc Fischer, Joe McLaughlin","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7410a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7410a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis C virus is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related death and is targeted for global elimination as a public health threat by 2030. Universal screening is recommended for all adults aged ≥18 years and pregnant women during each pregnancy; periodic risk-based screening also is recommended. Persons with current infection should be linked to antiviral treatment, which usually results in a virologic cure within 8-12 weeks. To assess progress toward elimination, epidemiologic trends in newly reported chronic hepatitis C cases were assessed among adult Alaska residents during 2016-2023. Overall, 5,352 confirmed chronic hepatitis C cases were newly reported among adults aged ≥18 years. The average annual rate (cases per 100,000 population) was 121 and decreased a relative 30% from 142 during 2016-2019 to 99 during 2020-2023. Statistically significant decreases occurred for most groups. Groups with higher average rates included males, adults aged 18-39 years, residents of rural areas, and American Indian or Alaska Native persons. Hepatitis C surveillance can help monitor trends in health outcomes and identify groups needing tailored testing and treatment interventions toward hepatitis C elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 10","pages":"161-166"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Fatal Acanthamoeba Encephalitis in a Patient Who Regularly Used Tap Water in an Electronic Nasal Irrigation Device and a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Machine at Home - New Mexico, 2023.","authors":"Julia C Haston, Ibne K Ali, Shantanu Roy, Alexis Roundtree, Jessica Hofstetter, Savannah Pierson, Emily Helmrich, Paul Torres, Kodi Lockey, Roosecelis B Martines, Mia Mattioli","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7410a4","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7410a4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 10","pages":"179-180"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal Case of Splash Pad-Associated Naegleria fowleri Meningoencephalitis - Pulaski County, Arkansas, September 2023.","authors":"Theresa M Dulski, Forrest Montgomery, Jeanette M Ramos, Eric R Rosenbaum, Bobby L Boyanton, Courtney M Cox, Steven Dahl, Cole Kitchens, Terry Paul, Amy Kahler, Alexis Roundtree, Mia Mattioli, Michele C Hlavsa, Ibne K Ali, Shantanu Roy, Julia C Haston, Naveen Patil","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7410a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7410a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A fatal case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), an infection caused by Naegleria fowleri, was diagnosed in Arkansas in a young child in September 2023. A public health investigation was completed, with epidemiologic, laboratory, and environmental data suggesting that a splash pad (an interactive water play venue that sprays or jets water on users and has little or no standing water) with inadequately disinfected water was the most likely site of the patient's N. fowleri exposure. This case is the third occurrence of splash pad-associated PAM reported in the United States; all three cases involved inadequately disinfected water. PAM should be considered in patients with acute meningoencephalitis and a history of recent possible exposure to fresh water, including treated recreational water (e.g., in splash pads or pools), via the nasal passages. Proper design, construction, operation, and management of splash pads can help prevent illnesses, including N. fowleri infections. Increased awareness, collaboration, and communication among clinicians, hospitals, laboratories, CDC, health departments, the aquatics sector, and the public can help support N. fowleri infection identification, treatment, prevention, and control efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 10","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic Opioid and Stimulant Co-Involved Overdose Deaths by Occupation and Industry - United States, 2022.","authors":"Eric W Lundstrom, Alexandria Macmadu, Andrea L Steege, Matthew Groenewold","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7410a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7410a3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proportion of synthetic opioid overdose deaths co-involving stimulants has increased in the United States in recent years. Although persons who use opioids have reported increasing stimulant co-use to maintain workplace productivity and alertness, occupational patterns of co-involvement in fatal overdose have not been systematically investigated. In an exploratory study, data on overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids (e.g., fentanyl) from the 2022 National Vital Statistics System were analyzed to characterize patterns of stimulant co-involvement among U.S. residents aged 15-64 years, stratified by decedents' usual occupation and industry. Of 69,893 fatal synthetic opioid overdoses, 53.6% involved stimulants. Occupation and industry groups with the highest percentages of synthetic opioid overdose deaths co-involving psychostimulants with abuse potential (psychostimulants) were typically physically demanding (e.g., construction and extraction occupations), whereas categories with highest percentages of cocaine co-involvement were generally less physically strenuous (e.g., business and financial occupations); these patterns might reflect differences in desired drug effects, cost, and geographic availability. Work-related interventions might be useful in preventing the development of substance use disorder by decreasing rates of occupational injuries and workplace stress, connecting workers with substance use disorder to treatment resources, and reducing fatal overdose through harm reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 10","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Disability, Violence, HIV Status, and Risk Factors for HIV Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women - Eswatini, 2022.","authors":"Ghenet Besera, Francis B Annor, Elizabeth A Swedo, Laura F Chiang, Sana N Charania, Phumzile Mndzebele, Michelle J Li, Jennifer Hegle, Anne Laterra, Robyn A Cree, Nozipho Nzuza-Motsa, Thobile Mkhonta, Kristopher Mills, Silke Felton, Greta M Massetti","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7409a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7409a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eswatini has made substantial progress responding to its HIV epidemic and reducing violence against children. However, adolescent girls and young women with disabilities might be at increased risk for experiencing violence and for HIV infection, compared with those without disabilities. Data from the 2022 Eswatini Violence Against Children and Youth Survey were analyzed to compare HIV infection and violence-related measures by functional disability status (e.g., difficulties in performing functional activities such as seeing, walking, or communicating) among adolescent girls and young women. In 2022, in Eswatini, 14.0% of adolescent girls and young women aged 13-24 years had a reported functional disability. Compared with those without a functional disability, adolescent girls and young women with a functional disability had higher lifetime prevalences of experiencing sexual, physical, and emotional violence. They were also more likely to know where to seek help for experiences of violence. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, HIV testing and infection status, HIV risk factors, sexual risk behaviors, and HIV treatment and prevention services did not differ by functional disability status. Prioritizing accessible, disability-inclusive prevention programs and services might help reduce experiences of violence among adolescent girls and young women with disabilities. Partnering with disability-led and disability-serving organizations and directly with adolescent girls and young women with disabilities to plan and implement programs and services that are disability-inclusive could help ensure that adolescent girls and young women with disabilities are aware of and can access these resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 9","pages":"152-157"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Rhodesiense Human African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) in a Traveler Returning from Zimbabwe - United States, August 2024.","authors":"Elizabeth M Wendt, Farrell A Tobolowsky, Gerardo Priotto, Jose Ramon Franco, Rebecca Chancey","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7409a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7409a3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 9","pages":"158-159"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Finding Among and Comprehensive Management of Household Contacts of Persons with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a Pilot Project - Uganda, 2023-2024.","authors":"Denis Mudoola, Pruthu Thekkur, Joseph Nsonga, Ritah Mande, Selma Dar Berger, Stavia Turyahabwe, Simon Muchuro, Proscovia Namuwenge, Moorine Sekadde, Deus Lukoye, Henry Luzze, John Paul Dongo, Anand Date, Riitta A Dlodlo, Odile Ferroussier-Davis, Macarthur Charles","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7409a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7409a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To help achieve the End TB Strategy target of a 90% reduction in tuberculosis (TB) incidence by 2030, member states of the United Nations High-Level Meetings on TB called for improving provision of TB preventive treatment (TPT) for household contacts of persons with TB, who are at increased risk for infection and disease. However, TPT use among household contacts worldwide remained at 21% in 2023. The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, the Uganda Ministry of Health, and CDC piloted a comprehensive approach for increasing case finding and TPT coverage among household contacts of persons with TB. During November 1, 2023-September 30, 2024, a total of 521 index patients with TB disease were registered at six health facilities in Uganda. Home visits to index patients identified 1,913 household contacts, 1,739 (91.0%) of whom underwent TB symptom screening at home; 321 (18.5%) reported TB symptoms. Of 309 (96.3%) persons with TB symptoms who were further evaluated, 284 (91.9%) provided a sputum specimen for laboratory testing, including 270 (84.1% of those with symptoms) who did so during the home visit; 214 (69.3%) underwent chest radiography. Overall, 80 TB cases were diagnosed; in 61 (76.3%) persons, the diagnosis was based on radiographic findings. Among 1,496 HHCs eligible for TPT, 1,239 (82.8%) initiated treatment and 1,178 (95.1%) completed it. Global scale-up of this approach might help reach global TB elimination goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 9","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedestrian and Overall Road Traffic Crash Deaths - United States and 27 Other High-Income Countries, 2013-2022.","authors":"Rebecca B Naumann, Bethany A West, Vaughn Barry, Sarah Matthews, Robin Lee","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7408a2","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7408a2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Road traffic deaths are preventable but remain a major public health problem. Crashes cause more than 40,000 deaths annually in the United States, and traffic-related pedestrian deaths have increased rapidly. To examine change in pedestrian and overall traffic death rates (deaths per 100,000 population) within an international context, CDC analyzed 2013-2022 data from the United States and 27 other high-income countries in the International Road Traffic and Accident Database, as well as early 2023 U.S. estimates. Between 2013 and 2022, U.S. pedestrian death rates increased 50% (from 1.55 to 2.33 per 100,000 population), while other countries generally experienced decreases (median decrease = 24.7%). During this period, overall U.S. traffic death rates increased 22.5% (from 10.41 to 12.76), but decreased by a median of 19.4% in 27 other high-income countries. Among all countries examined, the United States had the highest pedestrian death rates overall and among persons aged 15-24 and 25-64 years. Projected 2023 U.S. estimates suggest a potential decline in pedestrian (2%) and overall traffic (4%) deaths, compared with those in 2022. Accelerated adoption of a Safe System approach, focused on creating safer roadways and vehicles, establishing safer speeds, supporting safer road users, and improving post-crash care, can help reduce U.S. pedestrian and overall traffic deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 8","pages":"134-139"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11952289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Cases of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) - California, September-December 2024.","authors":"Sophie Zhu, Kathleen Harriman, Caterina Liu, Vit Kraushaar, Cora Hoover, Kyoo Shim, Sharon I Brummitt, Jocelyn Limas, Kathleen Garvey, Jennifer McNary, Nina J Gao, Rahil Ryder, Brandon Stavig, Jeffrey Schapiro, Christina Morales, Debra A Wadford, Holly Howard, James Heffelfinger, Rebecca Campagna, Esmeralda Iniguez-Stevens, Hamed Gharibi, Denise Lopez, Laura Esbenshade, Paula Ptomey, Kavita K Trivedi, Jade A Herrera, Joanna Locke, Nicholas Moss, Paul Rzucidlo, Kimberly Hernandez, Minhphuong Nguyen, Simon Paul, Justin Mateo, Carlos Del Carmen Luna, Yer Chang, Maria Rangel, Keiryl DeLeon, Aisha Masood, Thea Papasozomenos, Payeng Moua, Katie Reinhart, Krista Kniss, C Todd Davis, Marie K Kirby, Erica Pan, Erin L Murray","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7408a1","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7408a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persons who work closely with dairy cows, poultry, or other animals with suspected or confirmed infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses are at increased risk for infection. In September 2024, the California Department of Public Health was notified of the first human case of HPAI A(H5N1) in California through monitoring of workers on farms with infected cows. During September 30-December 24, 2024, a total of 38 persons received positive test results for HPAI A(H5N1) viruses in California; 37 were dairy farm workers with occupational exposure to sick cows, and one was a child aged <18 years with an undetermined exposure, the first pediatric HPAI A(H5N1) case reported in the United States. All patients had mild illness. The identification of cases associated with occupational exposure to HPAI A(H5N1) viruses on dairy farms highlights the continued risk for persons who work with infected animals. The pediatric case was identified through routine surveillance. Given recent increases in the prevalence of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses among some animal populations, public health agencies should continue to investigate cases of HPAI A(H5N1) in humans as part of control measures, pandemic preparedness, to identify concerning genetic changes, and to prevent and detect potential human-to-human transmission of the virus. To date, no human-to-human transmission of HPAI A(H5N1) virus has been identified in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 8","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11952288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes from the Field: Neurosyphilis, Ocular Syphilis, and Otic Syphilis - Chicago, January-October 2023.","authors":"Amy Nham, Taylor Holly, John Flores, David Kern, Irina Tabidze","doi":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7408a3","DOIUrl":"10.15585/mmwr.mm7408a3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18637,"journal":{"name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","volume":"74 8","pages":"140-143"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11952290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}