Microscopy and Microanalysis最新文献_第6页

Stacking Fault Segregation Imaging With Analytical Field Ion Microscopy. 利用分析场离子显微镜进行堆叠断层分隔成像。

IF 2.9 4区工程技术

Microscopy and Microanalysis Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae105

Felipe F Morgado, Leigh T Stephenson, Shalini Bhatt, Christoph Freysoldt, Steffen Neumeier, Shyam Katnagallu, Aparna P A Subramanyam, Isabel Pietka, Thomas Hammerschmidt, François Vurpillot, Baptiste Gault

{"title":"Stacking Fault Segregation Imaging With Analytical Field Ion Microscopy.","authors":"Felipe F Morgado, Leigh T Stephenson, Shalini Bhatt, Christoph Freysoldt, Steffen Neumeier, Shyam Katnagallu, Aparna P A Subramanyam, Isabel Pietka, Thomas Hammerschmidt, François Vurpillot, Baptiste Gault","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mam/ozae105","url":null,"abstract":"Stacking faults (SFs) are important structural defects that play an essential role in the deformation of engineering alloys. However, direct observation of SFs at the atomic scale can be challenging. Here, we use the analytical field ion microscopy, including density functional theory-informed contrast estimation, to image local elemental segregation at SFs in a creep-deformed solid-solution single-crystal alloy of Ni-2 at% W. The segregated atoms are imaged brightly, and time-of-flight spectrometry allows for their identification as W. We also provide the first quantitative analysis of trajectory aberration, with a deviation of approximately 0.4 nm, explaining why atom probe tomography could not resolve these segregations. Atomistic simulations of substitutional W atoms at an edge dislocation in face-centered cubic Ni using an analytic bond-order potential indicate that the experimentally observed segregation is due to the energetic preference of W for the center of the SF, contrasting with, for example, Re segregating to partial dislocations. Solute segregation to SF can hinder dislocation motion, increasing the strength of Ni-based superalloys. Yet, direct substitution of Re by W, envisaged to lower the superalloys' costs, requires extra consideration in alloy design since these two solutes do not have comparable interactions with structural defects during deformation.","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decreased in Mitochondrial Complex I Subunit NDUFS2 Is Critical for Oocyte Quality During Postovulatory Aging in Pigs. 线粒体复合体 I 亚基 NDUFS2 的减少对猪排卵后衰老过程中的卵母细胞质量至关重要

IF 2.9 4区工程技术

Microscopy and Microanalysis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae079

Dongjie Zhou, Song-Hee Lee, Xiao-Han Li, Ji-Dam Kim, Gyu-Hyun Lee, Jae-Min Sim, Xiang-Shun Cui

{"title":"Decreased in Mitochondrial Complex I Subunit NDUFS2 Is Critical for Oocyte Quality During Postovulatory Aging in Pigs.","authors":"Dongjie Zhou, Song-Hee Lee, Xiao-Han Li, Ji-Dam Kim, Gyu-Hyun Lee, Jae-Min Sim, Xiang-Shun Cui","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae079","url":null,"abstract":"The levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2 (NDUFS2, a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase) decrease in aged tissues, and these reductions may be partly associated with age-related conditions such as Parkinson's disease. Aging leads to many mitochondrial defects, such as biogenesis disruption, dysfunction, defects in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and production of reactive oxygen species, that may be highly related to NDUFS2 expression. The relationship between NDUFS2 and postovulatory oocyte aging in pigs remains unknown. In this study, we investigated changes in NDUFS2 expression during postovulatory aging (POA). Furthermore, NDUFS2 was knocked down via dsRNA microinjection at the MII stage to evaluate the effects on mitochondrial-related processes during POA. The mRNA expression of NDUFS2 decreased significantly after 48-h aging compared with that in fresh oocytes. NDUFS2 knockdown (KD) significantly impaired the maintenance of oocyte morphology and blastocyst development of embryos after POA. The levels of PGC1α (mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins) decreased significantly after NDUFS2 KD, while the level of GSNOR, a protein denitrosylase, was reduced by NDUFS2 KD after 48 h of aging. These data suggest that NDUFS2 is vital for maintaining the oocyte quality during POA in pigs.","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"953-961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Concept of Local Coordination Number for the Characterization of Solute Clusters within Atom Probe Tomography Data. 用于描述原子探针断层成像数据中溶质团簇特征的局部配位数概念。

IF 2.9 4区工程技术

Microscopy and Microanalysis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae074

Mykola Lazarev, John Banhart

{"title":"A Concept of Local Coordination Number for the Characterization of Solute Clusters within Atom Probe Tomography Data.","authors":"Mykola Lazarev, John Banhart","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae074","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying clusters of solute atoms in a matrix of solvent atoms helps to understand precipitation phenomena in alloys, for example, during the age hardening of certain aluminum alloys. Atom probe tomography datasets can deliver such information, provided that appropriate cluster identification routines are available. We investigate algorithms based on the local composition of the neighborhood of solute atoms and compare them with traditional approaches based on the local solute number density, such as the maximum separation distance method. For an ideal solid solution, the pair correlation functions of the kth nearest solute atom in the coordination number representation are derived, and the percolation threshold and the size distribution of clusters are studied. A criterion for selecting optimal control parameters based on maximizing the phase separation by the degree of clustering is proposed for a two-phase system. A map of phase compositions accessible for cluster analysis is constructed. The coordination number approach reduces the influence of density variations commonly observed in atom probe tomography data. Finally, a practical cluster analysis technique applied to the early stages of aluminum alloy aging is described.","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"793-806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three-Dimensional Nanoscale Imaging of SiO2 Nanofiller in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber with High-Resolution and High-Sensitivity Ptychographic X-ray Computed Tomography. 利用高分辨率和高灵敏度 X 射线计算机断层扫描对苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶中的 SiO2 纳米填料进行三维纳米级成像。

IF 2.9 4区工程技术

Microscopy and Microanalysis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae094

Naru Okawa, Nozomu Ishiguro, Shuntaro Takazawa, Hideshi Uematsu, Yuhei Sasaki, Masaki Abe, Kyosuke Ozaki, Yoshiaki Honjo, Haruki Nishino, Yasumasa Joti, Takaki Hatsui, Yukio Takahashi

引用次数: 0

Induction of Heat Shock Proteins 27, 60, 70, and 90 in the Cerebellum of Rats After Hyperthermia During Postnatal Development. 大鼠小脑在出生后发育过程中受到高热后热休克蛋白 27、60、70 和 90 的诱导

IF 2.9 4区工程技术

Microscopy and Microanalysis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae075

Banu Kandil, Alev Gürol Bayraktaroglu

{"title":"Induction of Heat Shock Proteins 27, 60, 70, and 90 in the Cerebellum of Rats After Hyperthermia During Postnatal Development.","authors":"Banu Kandil, Alev Gürol Bayraktaroglu","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae075","url":null,"abstract":"Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to stressful stimuli and play an important role in cell repair and protection. This study, using immunohistochemistry, aimed to determine whether HSPs are induced in the cerebellum of rats subjected to hyperthermia during postnatal development (PND). The results showed that unlike HSP27 and HSP70, HSP60 and HSP90 were constitutively expressed in the cerebellum of rats. However, hyperthermia induced HSP27 in the white matter (WM) and HSP70 in the Bergmann glial cells, the internal granule layer (IGL), and the WM. In the WM, HSP27 induction was only observed on days PND20, PND25, and PND30, and HSP27 expression was higher on day PND30 compared with days PND20 and PND25 (p < 0.001). In the Bergmann glial cells, HSP70 induction was only observed on days PND5, PND10, and PND20, and HSP70 expression was greater on days PND5 and PND10 compared with day PND20 (p < 0.001). In the IGL and the WM, HSP70 expression was higher on days PND20, PND25, and PND30 compared with days PND5 and PND10 (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that unlike HSP60 and HSP90, HSP27 and HSP70 have different expression patterns in the cerebellum of rats after hyperthermia during PND.","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"944-952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protective Role of Melatonin Against Abamectin-Induced Biochemical, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Alterations in the Testicular Tissues of Rats. 褪黑素对阿维菌素诱导的大鼠睾丸组织生化、免疫组织化学和超微结构改变的保护作用

IF 2.9 4区工程技术

Microscopy and Microanalysis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae080

Caglar Adiguzel, Hatice Karaboduk, Meltem Uzunhisarcikli

{"title":"Protective Role of Melatonin Against Abamectin-Induced Biochemical, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Alterations in the Testicular Tissues of Rats.","authors":"Caglar Adiguzel, Hatice Karaboduk, Meltem Uzunhisarcikli","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae080","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae080","url":null,"abstract":"Abamectin is one of the most widely used pesticides due to its strong insecticidal and anthelmintic activities. Melatonin is a neurohormone with potent antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of melatonin against abamectin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: control group (1 mL/kg/day corn oil), melatonin-treated group (10 mg/kg/day), abamectin-treated group (0.5 mg/kg/day), and melatonin plus abamectin-treated group. Test substances were administered via oral gavage once daily for 28 days. While MDA and 8-OHdG levels increased in the testicular tissue of rats treated with abamectin, SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST enzyme activities decreased significantly. While interleukin-17 levels, TNF-α, and caspase3 expression increased in the testicular tissue, acetylcholinesterase activity decreased. At the same time, serum gonadotropins (luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones) and testosterone levels decreased. Light microscope examinations of testicular tissues revealed severe histopathological changes, such as atrophic hyalinized seminiferous tubules, basement membrane irregularity, degeneration, spermatogenic cell loss, and necrosis. Electron microscopy examinations revealed large vacuoles in Sertoli and spermatogenic cells, swelling and vacuolization in mitochondria, lysosomal structures, and increased pyknotic nuclei. In contrast, melatonin supplementation significantly ameliorated abamectin-induced testicular toxicity in rats through antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"962-977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imaging and Segmenting Grains and Subgrains Using Backscattered Electron Techniques. 利用背散射电子技术对晶粒和子晶粒进行成像和细分。

IF 2.9 4区工程技术

Microscopy and Microanalysis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae092

Thomas J Bennett, Eric M Taleff

引用次数: 0

Wave Optical Modeling of the SEM Column From Source to Specimen. 扫描电镜柱从光源到试样的波光学建模。

IF 2.9 4区工程技术

Microscopy and Microanalysis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae072

Surya Kamal, Yongjian Zhou, Zizhou Gong

{"title":"Wave Optical Modeling of the SEM Column From Source to Specimen.","authors":"Surya Kamal, Yongjian Zhou, Zizhou Gong","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae072","url":null,"abstract":"Probe formation in scanning electron microscope (SEM) is often reduced to objective lens action modeling based on a point-spread function or Fourier transforms. In this study, we present the first complete wave optical modeling of the whole SEM column based on plane-by-plane propagation of the electron beam wavefunction without simplifying the optical system. We identify the challenges in plane-by-plane beam propagation and show how sampling limitations produce aliased results. Through a careful selection and combination of propagators, we have developed a general wave optical propagation method that is able to overcome the aliasing problem to achieve the appropriate probe widths. Using a two-step propagator, we show that it is possible to model the electron beam distribution throughout the column from the virtual source plane to the specimen plane. We also show that our results from the wave optical simulations are consistent with the geometrical theory of probe formation. Finally, as a direct application of this method, we demonstrated that the combined effect of aberrations in the condenser lens and the probe forming objective lens cannot be accurately represented using only the objective lens. Designing beam shaping experiments and studying the effect of partial coherence can be some novel applications.","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"866-877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intravital Microscopy With an Airy Beam Light Sheet Microscope Improves Temporal Resolution and Reduces Surgical Trauma. 使用气束光片显微镜进行目视显微镜检查可提高时间分辨率并减少手术创伤。

IF 2.9 4区工程技术

Microscopy and Microanalysis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae099

Rebekka I Stegmeyer, Malte Stasch, Daniel Olesker, Jonathan M Taylor, Thomas J Mitchell, Neveen A Hosny, Nils Kirschnick, Gunnar Spickermann, Dietmar Vestweber, Stefan Volkery

{"title":"Intravital Microscopy With an Airy Beam Light Sheet Microscope Improves Temporal Resolution and Reduces Surgical Trauma.","authors":"Rebekka I Stegmeyer, Malte Stasch, Daniel Olesker, Jonathan M Taylor, Thomas J Mitchell, Neveen A Hosny, Nils Kirschnick, Gunnar Spickermann, Dietmar Vestweber, Stefan Volkery","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae099","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae099","url":null,"abstract":"Intravital microscopy has emerged as a powerful imaging tool, which allows the visualization and precise understanding of rapid physiological processes at sites of inflammation in vivo, such as vascular permeability and leukocyte migration. Leukocyte interactions with the vascular endothelium can be characterized in the living organism in the murine cremaster muscle. Here, we present a microscopy technique using an Airy Beam Light Sheet microscope that has significant advantages over our previously used confocal microscopy systems. In comparison, the light sheet microscope offers near isotropic optical resolution and faster acquisition speed, while imaging a larger field of view. With less invasive surgery we can significantly reduce side effects such as bleeding, muscle twitching, and surgical inflammation. However, the increased acquisition speed requires exceptional tissue stability to avoid imaging artefacts. Since respiratory motion is transmitted to the tissue under investigation, we have developed a relocation algorithm that removes motion artefacts from our intravital microscopy images. Using these techniques, we are now able to obtain more detailed 3D time-lapse images of the cremaster vascular microcirculation, which allow us to observe the process of leukocyte emigration into the surrounding tissue with increased temporal resolution in comparison to our previous confocal approach.","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"925-943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of Carbide Precipitation in Low-Carbon Martensitic Steels Using an Ultrawide Field-of-View 3D Atom Probe. 使用超宽视场 3D 原子探针表征低碳马氏体钢中的碳化物析出。

IF 2.9 4区工程技术

Microscopy and Microanalysis Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae084

Hidekazu Minami, Levi Tegg, Takanori Sato, Julie M Cairney

{"title":"Characterization of Carbide Precipitation in Low-Carbon Martensitic Steels Using an Ultrawide Field-of-View 3D Atom Probe.","authors":"Hidekazu Minami, Levi Tegg, Takanori Sato, Julie M Cairney","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae084","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae084","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to understand the carbide distribution around high-energy sites such as dislocations and grain boundaries in martensitic steels as they have a major influence on the alloy performance. The aim of this study is to characterize fine ε carbides precipitated in low-carbon lath martensitic steel using the ultrawide field-of-view (FoV) CAMECA Invizo 6000 atom probe. We demonstrate the advantages of the wide FoV and determine the optimum conditions for analysis, by comparing the results such as the background noise and the C++/C+ charge state ratio (CSR) between voltage-pulsed and laser-pulsed modes. Increasing the laser pulse energy decreased the background noise and the CSR, where 70 pJ laser pulse energy produced a comparable mass-to-charge ratio spectrum to that recorded in voltage-pulsed mode, with the bulk compositions of C, Si, and Mn closest to that measured using voltage-pulsed mode. Increasing laser pulse energies to above 300 pJ decreased the bulk carbon content, with a more diffuse distribution of carbon around the carbides. This paper outlines some of the important experimental considerations when performing quantitative study of carbide precipitation in low-carbon martensitic steels using the Invizo 6000, considerations that can also be applied to other ferrous and non-ferrous alloy systems.","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"825-835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0