Bong Lee, Luca Ceresa, Danh Pham, Joseph Kimball, Emma Alexander, Xuan Ye, Ignacy Gryczynski, Zygmunt Gryczynski
{"title":"Fiber-optics based fluorescence detection. Part I: Basic concepts.","authors":"Bong Lee, Luca Ceresa, Danh Pham, Joseph Kimball, Emma Alexander, Xuan Ye, Ignacy Gryczynski, Zygmunt Gryczynski","doi":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad5e5b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad5e5b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous in-line detection and process monitoring are essential for industrial, analytical, and biomedical applications. Lightweight, highly flexible, and low-cost fiber optics enable the construction of compact and robust hand-held devices for<i>in situ</i>chemical and biological species analysis in both industrial and biomedical<i>in vitro</i>/<i>in vivo</i>detection. Despite the broad range of fiber-optic based applications, we lack a good understanding of the parameters that govern the efficiency of light collection or the sensitivity of detection. Consequently, comparing samples of different optical density and/or geometry becomes challenging and can lead to misinterpretation of results; especially when we lack the approaches necessary to correct the detected signal (spectra) for artifacts such as inner-filter effect or scattering. Hence, in this work, we discuss factors affecting the signal detected by the fiber optic in the bare and lens-coupled flat-tipped configurations that lead to signal/spectral distortions. We also present a simple generic model describing the excitation profile and emission collection efficiency that we verify with experimental data. Understanding the principles governing the signal collected by the fiber will provide rationales for correcting the measured emission spectra and recovering the true emission profile of optically dense samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":18596,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Applications in Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A simple light path modifying device to reduce scattering in front-face fluorescence spectra.","authors":"Frank B Peters, Andreas O Rapp","doi":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad5415","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad5415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This technical note presents a device to diminish scattering signal in front-face fluorescence spectra while obtaining fluorescence signal. The beam path in a commercial fluorescence spectrometer was modified by two deflecting mirrors, leading reflections away from the sensor. This light path modifying (LPM) device was tested with two fluid and three solid substances, where the scattering-to-fluorescence ratio improved by a factor of 1.7 to 7.6. The spectra obtained with the LPM were much clearer, and distortion of the fluorescence peaks was avoided. Scans of quinine sulphate complied well with reference spectra.</p>","PeriodicalId":18596,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Applications in Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bright ESIPT emission from 2,6-di(thiazol/oxazol/imidazol-2-yl)phenol derivatives in solution, aggregation and solid states.","authors":"Panpan Chen, Zhigang Niu, Eenju Wang","doi":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad5490","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad5490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most luminophores often suffer from the problem of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) or fluorescence disappearance in dilute solution. It is significant to bridge the gap between ACQ and AIE. In this work, a facile but effective strategy was proposed for the fabrication of always-on luminophores based on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism, and six luminophores emitting bright fluorescence in solution, aggregation and solid states were synthesized from 5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyisophthalaldehyde. All these ESIPT systems show only keto emission owing to their congested structures which block the breakage of intramolecular hydrogen bond (O-H⋯N) by solvation, and subsequently make enol emission impossible. Three of these luminophores are prone to convert into the corresponding phenolate anions emitting blue-shifted emission, which enable them to sense pH variation in the weakly basic range. Furthermore, white-light emission was achieved by combining two of them which show complementary-color fluorescence, and one of them was utilized for bioimaging of living Hela cells and the high-resolution image was obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":18596,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Applications in Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Ho<sup>3+</sup>codoping on optical and thermal properties of TeO<sub>2</sub>-ZnO glass.","authors":"Mohd Azam, Vineet Kumar Rai, Savidh Khan, K Singh","doi":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad5075","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad5075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reports the effect of incorporation of Yb<sup>3+</sup>ions on the frequency downconversion luminescence and thermal properties of triply ionised Ho<sup>3+</sup>doped zinc tellurite (TZ) glasses. The photoluminescence spectra of both the Ho<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup>doped and codoped glasses have been recorded and observed a green emission band corresponding to the<sup>5</sup>F<sub>4</sub>,<sup>5</sup>S<sub>2</sub>→<sup>5</sup>I<sub>8</sub>(∼550 nm) transition upon various excitations. In the downconversion (DC) emission process, the back energy transfer (BET) mechanism from Ho<sup>3+</sup>ions to Yb<sup>3+</sup>ions has also been explored. The colour emitted in the downconversion process is found to be non-tunable at different excitations. Thus, the Ho<sup>3+</sup>:TZ glass can be utilised for non-colour tunable optical devices under various UV excitations. Also the glass transition (T<sub>g</sub>) and crystallisation (T<sub>c</sub>) temperatures have been measured for both the doped and codoped glasses and found to be increased in the codoped glass. The singly Ho<sup>3+</sup>ions doped TZ glass shows better optical downconversion and glass forming ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18596,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Applications in Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluorescence in depth: integration of spectroscopy and imaging with Raman, IR, and CD for advanced research.","authors":"Lida Aeindartehran, Zahra Sadri, Fateme Rahimi, Tahereh Alinejad","doi":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad46e6","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad46e6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescence spectroscopy serves as a vital technique for studying the interaction between light and fluorescent molecules. It encompasses a range of methods, each presenting unique advantages and applications. This technique finds utility in various chemical studies. This review discusses Fluorescence spectroscopy, its branches such as Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRFS) and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM), and their integration with other spectroscopic methods, including Raman, Infrared (IR), and Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. By delving into these methods, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities and significance of fluorescence spectroscopy in scientific research, highlighting its diverse applications and the enhanced understanding it brings when combined with other spectroscopic methods. This review looks at each technique's unique features and applications. It discusses the prospects of their combined use in advancing scientific understanding and applications across various domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":18596,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Applications in Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced fluorescence blinking of AF647 fluorophores in Mowiol via violet and UV light induced recovery for superior localization microscopy.","authors":"Anupam Bharadwaj, Amalesh Kumar, Rumela Mitra, Bithiah Grace Jaganathan, Bosanta R Boruah","doi":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad4ae6","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad4ae6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blinking of fluorophores is essential in the context of single molecule localization-based optical super-resolution microscopy methods. To make the fluorescence molecule undergo blinking specific complex chemical mounting buffer systems, combined with suitable oxygen scavengers, and reducing agents are required. For instance to realise blinking in widely used fluorescence tags, like Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647), they are to be mounted on anti-fading buffer such as Mowiol and reducing agent such as Beta (<i>β</i>) - ME. However, the quality of the super-resolved images is decided by the total number of blinking events or in other words net duration for which the fluorescence blinking persists. In this paper we investigate how a violet and UV light induced fluorescence recovery mechanism can enhance the duration of fluorescence blinking. Our study uses AF647 dye conjugated with Phalloidin antibody in U87MG cell line mounted on Mowiol and<i>β</i>- ME. On the basis of the investigation we optimize the intensity, at the sample plane, of fluorescence excitation laser at 638 nm and fluorescence recovery beam at 405 nm or in the UV giving the maximum possible fluorescence blinking duration. We observe that the longer blinking duration, using the optimized illumination scheme, has brought down the resolution in the super-resolved image, as given by Fourier Ring Correlation method, from 168 nm to 112 nm, while the separation between two nearby resolvable filaments has been brought down to ≤ 60 nm.</p>","PeriodicalId":18596,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Applications in Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H C S Perera, B Ford, G Das, F Balembois, J Sathian
{"title":"Exploring light-emitting diode pumped luminescent concentrators in solid-state laser applications.","authors":"H C S Perera, B Ford, G Das, F Balembois, J Sathian","doi":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad444b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad444b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past, there were limited efforts to use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for pumping solid-state lasers. However, these attempts were overshadowed by the introduction of laser diodes, which offered more favourable pumping conditions. Nevertheless, recent advancements in high-power LEDs, coupled with the utilization of luminescent concentrators (LC), have paved the way for a novel approach to pump solid-state lasers. The combination of LEDs and LC in this LED-LC system presents several advantages, including enhanced ruggedness, stability, and cost-effectiveness compared to other laser pumping methods. This review explores the various techniques employed to pump solid-state lasers using LED-LC as a pump source, along with improvements made to enhance the brightness of LEDs in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":18596,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Applications in Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A quinoline derivative-based supramolecular gel for fluorescence ‘turn-off’ detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+","authors":"Shuaishuai Fu, Shang Wu, Jutao Liu, Jiajia Wang, Shuo Tian, Guangwu Zhang, Fenping Yin, Yuzhi Sun, Ping Zhang and Quanlu Yang","doi":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad4232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2050-6120/ad4232","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we synthesized and constructed a novel gelator (named QN) combining quinoline and naphthalene that self-assembled in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to form a stable supramolecular gel (named OQN). Under UV light, gel OQN exhibited extremely bright yellow fluorescence. The gel OQN showed excellent sensing performance for both Fe3+ and Cu2+, with a fluorescence ‘turn-off’ detection mechanism and the lowest detection limit of 7.58 × 10−8 M and 1.51 × 10−8 M, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), rheological measurements, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the gel OQN. The OQN ion-responsive membrane created is an excellent fluorescent writing material.","PeriodicalId":18596,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Applications in Fluorescence","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Xu, Lili Sun, Kenneth P Ghiggino, Trevor A Smith
{"title":"Resolving conjugated polymer film morphology with polarised transmission and time-resolved emission microscopy.","authors":"Yang Xu, Lili Sun, Kenneth P Ghiggino, Trevor A Smith","doi":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad388f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad388f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The alignment of chromophores plays a crucial role in determining the optoelectronic properties of materials. Such alignment can make interpretation of fluorescence anisotropy microscopy (FAM) images somewhat ambiguous. The time-resolved emission behaviour can also influence the fluorescence anisotropy. This is particularly the case when probing excitation energy migration between chromophores in a condensed phase. Ideally information concerning the chromophoric alignment, emission decay kinetics and fluorescence anisotropy can be recorded and correlated. We report on the use of polarised transmission imaging (PTI) coupled with both steady-state and time-resolved FAM to enable accurate identification of chromophoric alignment and morphology in thin films of a conjugated polydiarylfluorene. We show that the combination of these three imaging modes presents a comprehensive methodology for investigating the alignment and morphology of chromophores in thin films, particularly for accurately mapping the distribution of amorphous and crystalline phases within the thin films, offering valuable insights for the design and optimization of materials with enhanced optoelectronic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18596,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Applications in Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140306190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo D Wannaz, Rocío Medina, Sheila D Pardo, Gonzalo P Barbero Medina, Andrés Blanco, María Julieta Salazar
{"title":"Measurement of elements by portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the study of adsorption processes: the case of Pb<sup>2+</sup>adsorption on soybean straw biochar.","authors":"Eduardo D Wannaz, Rocío Medina, Sheila D Pardo, Gonzalo P Barbero Medina, Andrés Blanco, María Julieta Salazar","doi":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad379f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/2050-6120/ad379f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the reliability of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) in Pb<sup>2+</sup>adsorption kinetics and isotherm experiments using soybean straw biochar. The research aimed to compare pXRF results with those obtained through traditional atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Soybean straw biochar, produced at 400 °C, was employed as the adsorbent for Pb<sup>2+</sup>. The efficiency of adsorption was assessed using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The kinetics of Pb<sup>2+</sup>adsorption was analysed through pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The pseudo-second-order model described the kinetics of Pb<sup>2+</sup>adsorption on biochar better than the pseudo-first order model. Importantly, the pXRF technique demonstrated comparable results to those of AAS, making it a reliable and resource-efficient method for studying Pb<sup>2+</sup>kinetics. The results of the isotherm analyses fit the Langmuir model, indicating a desirable and irreversible adsorption of Pb<sup>2+</sup>on biochar. PXRF measurements on biochar allowed simultaneous observations of Pb<sup>2+</sup>adsorption and K<sup>+</sup>and Ca<sup>2+</sup>desorption, highlighting ionic exchange as the primary adsorption mechanism. In conclusion, our results showcased the applicability of pXRF for Pb<sup>+2</sup>adsorption studies in biochars, offering a valuable alternative to traditional methods. The findings contribute to the understanding of biochar as an effective adsorbent for heavy metals, emphasizing the potential of pXRF for cost-effective and efficient environmental research. In this study, we present a novel and detailed procedure that will allow other researchers to continue their studies on Pb<sup>2+</sup>adsorption on biochar or similar matrices, significantly reducing the resources and time used and enabling the simultaneous study of the behavior of other ions participating in the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":18596,"journal":{"name":"Methods and Applications in Fluorescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}