Minerals Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Efficient leaching of Li from coal fly ash and application of leaching residue for removal of Cu(ii) from wastewater: New waste-to-value approach","authors":"Zhan Ding ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Kaiyun Yang ,&nbsp;Chang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal fly ash (CFA), a significant industrial solid waste, presents environmental challenges, while the management of heavy metal contaminated water remains a global concern, and lithium (Li) plays an irreplaceable role in supporting global economic and technological progress. Consequently, to overcome the double challenge of limited supply of strategic metals and environmental threats, a sustainable process for the efficient leaching of lithium from CFA (LRCFA) and removal of Cu(<span>ii)</span> from electroplating wastewater using leaching residue was developed in this study. Roasting leaching experiments demonstrated that the leaching efficiency of elemental Li was as high as 95.33 % under the most favorable experimental conditions. Environmental risk assessment confirmed that the leachability of heavy metals from all solid residues met relevant environmental standards, ensuring their environmental safety. The adsorption and removal of Cu(<span>ii)</span> from LRCFA were significantly better than that from CFA and roasting residue (RCFA) at pH 6–7. The adsorption of Cu(<span>ii)</span> on LRCFA was in accordance with the proposed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption of Cu(<span>ii)</span> was 41.76 mg/g. The results of the mechanistic analyses exhibited that the roasting of NaCl disrupted the CFA structure and enhanced the leachability of Li, while the Si-O-Al framework of the generated LRCFA promoted the binding of Cu(<span>ii)</span> through ion exchange and complexation with surface functional groups. This work demonstrates the valuable utilization of solid waste for critical metal recovery and wastewater remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence and optimization of hydrogen-based mineral phase transformation on grinding characteristics of polymetallic oxide and recovery of valuable elements by response surface methodology","authors":"Pengcheng Tian ,&nbsp;Peng Gao ,&nbsp;Zhidong Tang ,&nbsp;Yanjun Li ,&nbsp;Yuexin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complex polymetallic ore of Bayan Obo is rich in valuable elements, but difficult to utilize. Hydrogen-based mineral phase transformation (HMPT) is an efficient and eco-friendly technology for processing refractory ores. In this study, the process parameters of HMPT were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and H₂ concentration on grinding efficiency, energy consumption, and iron recovery were studied using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The phase transformation and microstructural characteristics of the ore were analyzed. The results indicate that temperature and H₂ concentration are key factors influencing specific power consumption in grinding and iron recovery rate. Using the characteristic parameter <em>T</em>, which represents the ratio of specific power consumption to iron recovery rate, as the evaluation index, the optimal HMPT conditions were determined: temperature of 500℃, time of 20 min, and H₂ concentration of 30 %. XRD and SEM-EDS analysis results indicate that after HMPT treatment, hematite is more likely to transform into magnetite, and additional cracks appear on the surface of the mineral particles, explaining the improved grinding and separation effects. This provides theoretical guidance for the low-energy consumption and high-efficiency HMPT processing in the industrialization of complex polymetallic ore.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109789"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced high-gradient magnetic separation of copper-bearing limonite using elliptical magnetic matrix: Structural optimization and mechanism analysis","authors":"Hanyu Wang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Li ,&nbsp;Yuexin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study designed and fabricated elliptical magnetic matrix with various structural parameters to achieve enrichment and separation of copper-bearing limonite. Compared with the conventional cylindrical magnetic matrix, the use of an elliptical magnetic matrix in roughing increased iron recovery by 2 %∼3% and improved iron grade by 1 %∼2%. Under a magnetic field of 0.6 T, with a major axis length of 3.2 mm, a rod gap of 2.4 mm, and horizontal alignment of the major axis, a magnetic concentrate with 54.29 % Fe grade and 63.11 % recovery was obtained. Product characterization revealed that elliptical magnetic matrix exhibited superior efficiency in recovering fine-grained minerals. Under high-gradient magnetic fields, strongly magnetic iron minerals were preferentially captured into the magnetic concentrate, with approximately 50 % of the copper co-enriched due to its strong association with iron phases. Magnetic field characteristics analysis showed that increasing the major axis length enhanced the edge magnetic gradients but reduced the effective capture area. Compared with the short-axis horizontal alignment, the long-axis horizontal alignment produced stronger magnetic induction, while larger gaps weakened magnetic coupling and decreased field strength. An optimized “one-stage roughing, one-stage scavenging” process achieved 48.12 % Fe grade, 2.09 % Cu grade, 92.34 % Fe recovery, and 75.48 % Cu recovery at field strengths of 0.6 T (roughing) and 1.0 T (scavenging). Magnetic tailings can be directly leached for copper, while the concentrate can be further processed via hydrogen-based mineral phase transformation. This work provides theoretical and technical support for the magnetic separation of complex oxidized copper ores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109785"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the hydration mechanism and water resistance of anhydrous-hemihydrate phosphogypsum-slag compound material","authors":"Junlin An ,&nbsp;Guangcheng Long ,&nbsp;Yutong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ning Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To promote the resource utilization of phosphogypsum solid waste, new compound materials (PGSCM) were developed using anhydrous phosphogypsum (APG), hemihydrate phosphogypsum (HPG) derived from phosphogypsum (PPG), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and Ca(OH)₂. This paper focused on investigating the hydration mechanism and water resistance of PGSCM by combining a series of experiments including compressive strength, water resistance, thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results demonstrated that the setting process of PGSCM can be significantly influenced by HPG and APG. The addition of an appropriate dosage of HPG not only can be favors hydration and the setting process of PGSCM, but also enables maintaining a high compressive strength of 45 MPa, water absorption of less than 5 %, and a softening coefficient of approximately 0.85 at 28 days. The XRD and TG indicated that the addition of HPG can promote hydration and generate CaSO₄·2H₂O, contributing to compressive strength at an early age. The continuous hydration of GGBS forms substantial calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel, which enveloped both APG and CaSO₄·2H₂O. This physical encapsulation hindered their contact with water and OH⁻ ions, thereby resulting in only a small fraction of APG being hydrated at 28 days. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the interaction energy of APG with Ca(OH)₂ solution was significantly higher than that with water, while Ca²⁺ ions underwent rapid and substantial surface accumulation. Driven by the common ion effect, this synergistic mechanism markedly accelerated both the dissolution and crystallization processes of APG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109784"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic extraction of molybdenum and tungsten from low-grade tungsten-molybdenum ores with poor flotation separability using a sodium hypochlorite-trisodium phosphate-sodium hydroxide system","authors":"Jian Kang ,&nbsp;Linlin Tong ,&nbsp;Qin Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Zhao ,&nbsp;Bin Xiong ,&nbsp;Hongying Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mineral composition of a low-grade tungsten-molybdenum ore (LGTMO) in Henan, China is very complex with a fine distribution size. Molybdenite, scheelite, powellite (CaMo<em>_x</em>W₁<em>_-x</em>O₄) in the ore cannot be separated by flotation. In this study, tungsten and molybdenum were extracted from LGTMO by hydrometallurgy with using a mixture of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), trisodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Through single-factor experiments, the highest molybdenum and tungsten leaching efficiencies of 91.14 % ± 1.30 % and 83.12 % ± 1.03 % were attained under the following conditions: a milling time of 20 min, a stirring speed of 350 r/min, a NaClO concentration of 0.072 mol/L, a Na₃PO₄ concentration of 0.15 mol/L, a NaOH concentration of 0.070 mol/L, a liquid–solid ratio of 3:1 at 80 °C for 240 min. Subsequently, the concentrations of NaOH, NaClO and Na₃PO₄ were optimized by the response surface methodology. The model predicted that the concentrations of NaOH, NaClO and Na₃PO₄ under the optimal experimental conditions were 0.070, 0.079 and 0.173 mol/L and the corresponding leaching efficiencies of Mo and WO₃ were 94.84 % and 86.74 %, respectively. Finally, SEM-EDS and XPS analyses were conducted to characterize the leaching residue. The formation of hydroxyapatite is the main reason for the incomplete leaching of tungsten and molybdenum. It covers the surface of the ore and thus limits the leaching of tungsten and molybdenum. This study provided an alternative for the efficient extraction of tungsten and molybdenum from LGTMO at lower reagent costs and temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109760"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal acid leaching process with ultra-high efficiency for vanadium from spent catalyst","authors":"Quanxian Hua ,&nbsp;Junyang Ma ,&nbsp;Pin Xu ,&nbsp;Shu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Rong ,&nbsp;Zehao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recovery of vanadium from spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts is a critical challenge. This study explores hydrothermal acid leaching as a novel approach for extracting vanadium, analyzing key parameters such as leaching agent concentration, liquid–solid ratio, reaction temperature, and leaching time. Using the Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface method, the effects and interactions of these parameters on vanadium leaching efficiency were investigated.<!--> <!-->Mechanistically, sulfuric acid concentration governs vanadium dissolution into VO₂⁺/VO²⁺, while excessive acid or improper liquid–solid ratios induce titanium precipitation (TiOSO₄/Ti(SO₄)₂) that encapsulates particles and captures vanadium ions.<!--> <!-->The results showed that leaching agent concentration optimization significantly enhanced vanadium recovery by suppressing these side reactions. The interaction between liquid–solid ratio and leaching time, as well as liquid–solid ratio and reaction temperature, significantly affected efficacy. Optimal conditions were determined as 2.13 mol · L⁻¹ H₂SO₄, 23.85 mL · g⁻¹, 143 °C, and 89 min, achieving 99.76 % vanadium leaching. XRD and SEM-EDS revealed stable leaching slag structure, indicating its potential for subsequent metal recovery. This study highlights hydrothermal acid leaching as a sustainable method for vanadium recovery, contributing to resource conservation and waste reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109777"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacuum roasting inhibited the diffusion of aluminum in muscovite impurities into quartz during roasting process","authors":"Songjiang Guo ,&nbsp;Junjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Guangying Zhang ,&nbsp;Shicong Yang ,&nbsp;Kuixian Wei ,&nbsp;Wenhui Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing research on removing metal impurities from quartz mainly focuses on enhancing the exposure and the reactivity of mineral impurities. However, the influence of the mineral impurities on the quartz structure during roasting is not considered. In this study, the influence of muscovite impurities on the quartz structure during roasting was studied using theoretical analysis and cell parameter comparison. It was found that aluminum (Al) in muscovite diffused into the quartz during roasting and forming lattice impurities, hindering the purification of quartz. Arrhenius equation and quartz-muscovite diffusion couple experiments were employed to investigate the method of inhibiting diffusion. And it was concluded that reducing the H₂O content in quartz can effectively inhibit the diffusion behavior of Al. Based on the above research, vacuum roasting process was introduced to enhance the removal of H₂O in quartz. The experimental results shown that under the same conditions, vacuum roasting reduced the H₂O content in quartz from 165.9 μg·g⁻¹ to 37.8 μg·g⁻¹. This led to the reduction of the diffusion distance of Al from 15.8 μm to 6.1 μm. Finally, through data analysis, the functional relationship between water concentration and Al diffusion coefficient in roasting process is <span><math><mrow><mtext>D</mtext><mo>=</mo><msub><mtext>D</mtext><mtext>0</mtext></msub><msubsup><mtext>C</mtext><mrow><msub><mtext>H</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></msub><mtext>O</mtext></mrow><mtext>1.310</mtext></msubsup><mtext>exp</mtext><mfenced><mrow><mo>-</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mtext>H</mtext></mrow><mtext>RT</mtext></mfrac></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span>. This study clarifies the influence of mineral impurities on the structure of quartz during roasting, which provides a new solution for the purification of quartz and a reference for optimizing the purification process of quartz and other minerals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109783"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource utilization of copper slag: The enhanced sulfidization mechanism of Pb2+/NH4+ system on copper oxide in copper slag and its impact on flotation performance","authors":"Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhe Li ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Bihan Wei ,&nbsp;Qicheng Feng ,&nbsp;Dianwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrophilic nature of the copper oxide phase in copper slag (CS) often results in low recovery using traditional sulfidization flotation methods. This study explored the influence of Pb²⁺/NH₄⁺ on the flotation efficiency and its activation mechanism during the sulfidization flotation of copper oxide. Analytical techniques including microcalorimetry, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), time–of–flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS), and X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the treatment of Pb²⁺/NH₄⁺ enhanced the reaction between sodium sulfide and the copper oxide surface. This modification facilitated the formation of sulfide compounds such as lead–sulfur (Pb–S) and copper–sulfur (Cu–S). The formation of these sulfide products enabled the surface of copper oxide to exhibit more active sites for collector adsorption, thereby enhancing its hydrophobicity and flotation performance. Further confirmation from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and ToF–SIMS analysis revealed that Pb²⁺/NH₄⁺ significantly enhanced the adsorption of collectors on the copper oxide surface, thereby enhancing its hydrophobicity. Micro–flotation experiments demonstrated that the incorporation of Pb²⁺NH₄⁺ enhanced copper oxide recovery from 40 % to 91 %, which validated their effective activation role in copper oxide flotation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109786"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensifying the separation efficiency of rhodochrosite from calcite in NaClO-oxidation flotation system with a dithiocarbamate-hydroxamate collector","authors":"Jing Qi ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Guangyi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dissolution characteristics of rhodochrosite and calcite results in their similar surface properties, which makes the separation of rhodochrosite from calcite more difficult. Therefore, surface modification was adopted to oxidize the Mn(II) species on rhodochrosite to higher valence states, reducing the solubility of Mn²⁺ and differentiating the surface properties from calcite. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was a suitable oxidant to enhance the floatability of rhodochrosite. Meanwhile, <em>N</em>-[(3-hydroxyamino)-propoxy]-<em>N</em>-hexyl dithiocarbamate (HAHD) was a versatile collector, which can be oxidized into a Gemini molecule of (HAHD)₂ and featured a selective performance in the NaClO-oxidized flotation system of rhodochrosite-calcite artificially mixed minerals. The selectivity index <em>I_Mn</em> of HAHD in the oxidized flotation of mixed minerals reached 32.2, much higher than that of sodium oleate (9.9). Interestingly, UV spectra and XPS analyses indicated that HAHD was oxidized to a Gemini structure (HAHD)₂ in the oxidized flotation system. In HAHD-NaClO-rhodochrosite flotation system, REDOX reaction occurred, that was, the surface Mn(II) of rhodochrosite was first oxidized to Mn(IV) which oxidized HAHD to (HAHD)₂, then some of Mn(IV) species were reduced to Mn(II). A potential mechanism was proposed finally to reveal the essence of the selective flotation of rhodochrosite from the mixture with calcite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109774"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating iron contamination in cyanide gold extraction: Ceramic grinding media for enhanced efficiency and reduced cyanide consumption","authors":"Qianfei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuhai Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Gao ,&nbsp;Linlin Tong ,&nbsp;Yuexin Han ,&nbsp;Hongying Yang ,&nbsp;Shuai Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanochemical interactions during regrinding can influence the surface properties of gold concentrates and the surrounding pulp chemistry. This study compares the effects of ceramic and chrome steel grinding media on gold cyanidation performance using chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time–of–flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS). The results showed that ceramic grinding media generated finer particles with smoother surfaces and substantially lower iron contamination. Relative to chrome steel grinding media, ceramic grinding media increased the gold extraction from 93.3% to 95.0%, reduced sodium cyanide consumption by 10.7%, and decreased thiocyanate ion concentration by 6.5% after 24 h of leaching. Additionally, ceramic grinding media helped sustain higher dissolved oxygen levels throughout the leaching process. XPS and ToF–SIMS analyses revealed that ceramic grinding media suppressed the formation of FeOOH, FeO, and Fe–CN species on mineral surfaces, thereby improving cyanide accessibility to gold particles. These findings demonstrate that ceramic grinding media effectively regulate the interfacial chemical environment, enhancing both the efficiency and environmental sustainability of gold cyanidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 109779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}