MemoryPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-08-25DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2026.2719614
David Baudet, Christine Bastin, Olivier Luminet, Aline Cordonnier
{"title":"Lost in transmission? Comparing emotional profiles in transmitted vs. remembered family memories.","authors":"David Baudet, Christine Bastin, Olivier Luminet, Aline Cordonnier","doi":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2719614","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2719614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research investigated the emotions associated with intergenerational memories within families. Across three studies, we examined the perspectives of transmitters (parents and grandparents) and receivers (children and grandchildren) regarding important family memories. In Studies 1 and 2, transmitters selected memories they had previously shared with a specific family member, whereas receivers independently selected memories told by the same family member. Study 3 combined these datasets to compare emotional patterns across generations. Across studies, transmitters reported higher emotional intensity than receivers, consistent with the idea that lived experiences evoke stronger emotions than vicarious memories. Differences in valence and discrete emotions emerged depending on generational roles: grandparents' stories were less negative than parents' stories, while grandchildren recalled grandparents' stories as eliciting greater admiration, happiness, pride, and respect than children recalled parents' stories. These findings highlight how the emotional characteristics of intergenerational memories reflect both the storyteller's experiences and the receiver's perspective, and they provide new insights into the socioemotional functions of family storytelling.</p>","PeriodicalId":18569,"journal":{"name":"Memory","volume":" ","pages":"1147-1165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MemoryPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-08-18DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2026.2710049
Alejandra Zaragoza Scherman, Astrid Endrup Iversen, Ebbe Grarup Mollerup
{"title":"<i>What makes you feel nostalgic?</i> A self-generated approach to nostalgia-evoking cues.","authors":"Alejandra Zaragoza Scherman, Astrid Endrup Iversen, Ebbe Grarup Mollerup","doi":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2710049","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2710049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nostalgia is often characterised as a predominantly positive, mixed-valence emotion that arises when recalling autobiographical memories from one's personal past. Nostalgic recollections may emerge involuntarily in response to environmental stimuli, such an old photograph or music, or through deliberate voluntary retrieval. The present study examined how individuals describe what makes them feel nostalgic, using a minimally constrained, open-ended self-generated approach. Participants (N = 256) responded to the question <i>What makes you feel nostalgic?</i> Their responses were coded for cue type and subtype, type of nostalgia, content and theme, and cultural life script events; and analysed for gender differences. Participants most frequently referred to sensory and environmental elements such as photographs, music, media, smells, conversations, and food. The majority of responses reflected personal nostalgia, whereas cultural life script events were less prominently represented, with the exception of childhood. Gender differences were modest. The study offers a descriptive mapping of how nostalgia is articulated when individuals are not constrained by predefined categories. The convergence between reported elements and themes identified in experimental designs suggests that certain sensory domains are consistent features of nostalgic remembering. These findings highlight the value of participant-centered approaches for understanding how nostalgia is described in everyday contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18569,"journal":{"name":"Memory","volume":" ","pages":"1061-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MemoryPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-08-26DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2026.2719612
Jorja Shires, Mohsen Rakhshan, Jenna Pablo, Alireza Soltani, Marian Berryhill
{"title":"Working memory can be impervious to value-based attentional bias and trial reward value.","authors":"Jorja Shires, Mohsen Rakhshan, Jenna Pablo, Alireza Soltani, Marian Berryhill","doi":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2719612","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2719612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working memory (WM) encoding is shaped by attention. We attend to rewarding stimuli, and we focus during important moments. Is attentional allocation to high-value stimuli fully under strategic control? Does this change when a trial is important? To explore the contributions of stimulus and trial value, we used the retro-cue paradigm. A valid retro-cue shifted attention after WM encoding. The neutral retro-cue allowed us to assess how intrinsic and reward values guide attention during WM encoding. The valid retro-cue tested whether post-encoding shifts of attention interact with value-dependent encoding. Exp. 1 probed different task-specific reward values, and participants earned more points when a high-value item was probed. To disentangle task-specific from intrinsic value effects, we leveraged a priori value of coins (Exp. 2A-E) and tested whether higher-value items attracted attention, leading to superior performance when those items were probed. Stimulus value was task irrelevant. Finally, we mimicked moment-to-moment fluctuations in importance across trials or blocks (Exp. 3A-B). There was no WM benefit for high-value stimuli or trials. Together, our findings indicate that effects of rewards may be less robust than previously thought; working memory is not automatically attracted to highly valued items and does not easily improve under high stakes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18569,"journal":{"name":"Memory","volume":" ","pages":"1132-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MemoryPub Date : 2026-09-30DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2026.2739248
Donnelle M DiMarco, Daniel Perlmutter, Harvey Marmurek
{"title":"Retrieval outcomes and memory conjunction errors: reconstructive costs of partial retrieval.","authors":"Donnelle M DiMarco, Daniel Perlmutter, Harvey Marmurek","doi":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2739248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2026.2739248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined how retrieval outcomes influence the formation of memory conjunction errors, in which features from parent compound words (e.g., <i>airstream</i> and <i>passport</i>) are recombined, leading to false recognition of unpresented compound words containing those features (e.g., <i>airport</i>). Across two experiments, memory conjunction errors varied as a function of retrieval outcome (successful, partially successful, unsuccessful). Critically, conditionalised analyses matched on item difficulty revealed a selective pattern in which memory conjunction errors were elevated following partial retrieval of parent components relative to difficulty-matched comparison items. These findings suggest that memory distortions are not uniformly associated with retrieval, but instead emerge under conditions of incomplete retrieval, consistent with a reconstructive account in which partially activated features are more likely to be recombined.</p>","PeriodicalId":18569,"journal":{"name":"Memory","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MemoryPub Date : 2026-09-29DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2026.2733325
Willem Jacob Louter, Tanner Tuttle, Elina Guina, Steven Verheyen
{"title":"Does the animacy effect extend to images? A registered replication report.","authors":"Willem Jacob Louter, Tanner Tuttle, Elina Guina, Steven Verheyen","doi":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2733325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2026.2733325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animate entities tend to be remembered better than inanimate objects. Bonin et al. (2014) demonstrated this animacy effect on memory with picture stimuli and as such is often referenced to show that the animacy effect extends beyond verbal stimuli. This registered report intended to replicate this classic and oft-cited study with two modifications: we used photographs instead of black-and-white line drawings, and we did not have these stimuli accompanied by verbal labels. Under these conditions, we were unable to replicate the animate advantage, indicating constraints on the generalizability of the animacy effect in memory for visual stimuli. We hypothesise that the animacy effect in free recall may depend on the extent to which visual stimuli invite elaborate semantic processing, which may be strengthened by verbal labels or simplified visual depictions. We therefore call for additional work on the animacy effect's sensitivity to stimulus format and encoding context.</p>","PeriodicalId":18569,"journal":{"name":"Memory","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MemoryPub Date : 2026-09-28DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2026.2733327
Varun Ramgopal, Greta M Fastrich, Philip A Higham, Ariana Modirrousta-Galian, Mansi Pattni, Rosalind Potts, Tina Seabrooke
{"title":"Examining the benefits of spaced retrieval practice on transfer and the student experience in the classroom.","authors":"Varun Ramgopal, Greta M Fastrich, Philip A Higham, Ariana Modirrousta-Galian, Mansi Pattni, Rosalind Potts, Tina Seabrooke","doi":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2733327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2026.2733327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spaced retrieval practice is a learning strategy whereby information is retrieved multiple times with each retrieval attempt separated by a time gap. We conducted a semester-long classroom intervention to investigate the benefits of spaced retrieval practice on memory and transfer. Each week, students engaged in three, spaced learning practice sessions (LPSs) during which they either answered multiple-choice (MC) questions about that week's course content (retrieval practice) or were shown the MC questions with the correct answer selected (restudy). Three weeks after the last LPS, participants completed a final MC test comprising (1) repeated questions from the LPSs, (2) transfer questions that had the same answer options as corresponding LPS questions and queried related topics, but had different correct answers, or (3) new questions about lecture content. A typical retrieval practice effect was observed for repeated questions (retrieval > restudy). Although we did not observe a transfer effect on overall final test accuracy (related = new), further exploratory analyses that used purer measures of transfer revealed evidence of both positive and negative transfer. Furthermore, retrieval practice (vs. restudying) contributed to an enhanced student experience (greater sense of mastery, motivation, and attentional control, and reduced anxiety).</p>","PeriodicalId":18569,"journal":{"name":"Memory","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MemoryPub Date : 2026-09-18DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2026.2727406
Elaine Reese, Yan Chen, Ella Myftari Cullen, Helena McAnally, Tia Neha
{"title":"Earliest memories and family history knowledge among New Zealand Māori, European, and Chinese adolescents in relation to identity and well-being.","authors":"Elaine Reese, Yan Chen, Ella Myftari Cullen, Helena McAnally, Tia Neha","doi":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2727406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2026.2727406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cultural differences exist in early autobiographical memories. This study included 268 New Zealand youth (12-21 years) who identified primarily as New Zealand Māori (NZM; <i>n</i> = 91), New Zealand European (NZE; <i>n</i> = 90), or New Zealand Chinese (NZC; <i>n</i> = 88). Participants narrated their earliest memories and reported on their age at the time of the event; memory narratives were coded for coherence and content. Participants also reported on their family history knowledge, identity (ethnic identity and personality traits), and well-being. The main finding was that of no cultural, gender, or age differences in the age of earliest memory, although younger adolescents told less coherent earliest memories. In contrast, the content of earliest memories (emotions; self-other focus) differed by cultural group, gender, and age in complex ways. For NZ Māori and NZ European adolescents, only females showed age-related increases in family history knowledge. For NZ Māori adolescents, family history knowledge uniquely predicted ethnic identity. For both NZ Māori and NZ Chinese adolescents, earliest memories uniquely predicted well-being, yet in different ways. Earliest memories and family history knowledge are both important for adolescents' self-understanding and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":18569,"journal":{"name":"Memory","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MemoryPub Date : 2026-09-18DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2026.2729472
Pia Pennekamp, Kara N Moore, Jamal K Mansour, James Michael Lampinen
{"title":"When confident eyewitnesses are mistaken: a mixture model account for the confidence-accuracy relationship.","authors":"Pia Pennekamp, Kara N Moore, Jamal K Mansour, James Michael Lampinen","doi":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2729472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2026.2729472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An influential claim suggests that highly confident identifications have a very high probability of being accurate when police use scientifically validated best practices for identification procedures. However, there are exceptions. Using simulation data, we demonstrate that when memory strength becomes sufficiently poor, the high-confidence criterion needed to achieve a high probability of accuracy becomes implausibly large. As a corollary, highly confident identifications may not be associated with a high probability of accuracy (e.g., under poor viewing conditions). We review field studies that provide estimates of lineup-based <i>d'</i> and conclude by introducing a theoretical account (i.e., mixture model) that can account for highly confident but inaccurate eyewitnesses when memory is sufficiently poor. According to the mixture model, high-confidence judgments derive from two processes whose relative impact depends on the quality of witnessing conditions (e.g., good vs. poor). The model predicts that, as memory weakens, high-confidence accuracy declines.</p>","PeriodicalId":18569,"journal":{"name":"Memory","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149002204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MemoryPub Date : 2026-09-15DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2026.2733323
Junya Hashimoto, Akari Sekimoto, Misako Kamao
{"title":"Individual differences in autobiographical memory and social use: an experience sampling study.","authors":"Junya Hashimoto, Akari Sekimoto, Misako Kamao","doi":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2733323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2026.2733323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sharing autobiographical memories helps people maintain and strengthen social bonds. People who describe their autobiographical memories as more vivid also tend to share those memories more often. However, most previous studies on this topic have used questionnaire measures, which may introduce retrospective bias. This study used the experience sampling method to examine the relationship between individual differences in autobiographical memory detail and the frequency of memory sharing. Participants (<i>n</i> = 116) received eight daily signals over seven days and reported whether they were interacting with others. When interacting, they further indicated whether they shared autobiographical memories. Participants with more detailed autobiographical recall shared memories more frequently. They also shared autobiographical memories more often with closer interaction partners, whereas individuals with lower memory detail showed no variation in sharing frequency as a function of partner closeness. These findings address key methodological limitations of prior studies. The results also extend evidence on the social function of autobiographical memories. Overall, the findings suggest that differences in autobiographical memory are associated with how often people use memories in social situations and how they interact with others.</p>","PeriodicalId":18569,"journal":{"name":"Memory","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148970046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MemoryPub Date : 2026-09-11DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2026.2727403
Tanner M Grubbs, Oscar D Ramirez Perez, Zakiya N Ehardt, Julia S Soares
{"title":"Does expecting an external store impair memory for expository texts? Investigating cognitive offloading of text passages.","authors":"Tanner M Grubbs, Oscar D Ramirez Perez, Zakiya N Ehardt, Julia S Soares","doi":"10.1080/09658211.2026.2727403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2026.2727403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People often use external tools to support their memory, which can cause memory impairments for information expected to be externally accessible, effects often attributed to cognitive offloading. Memory offloading research has predominantly used facts or word lists, so little is known about the effects of store expectancy on longer texts. Three experiments investigated how anticipating external access to a passage influences memory for that passage. Participants read expository texts, one of which they expected to access during a later multiple-choice memory test, and one they did not expect to be able to access. In Experiment 1, participants had full control of their reading time. In Experiment 2, participants were required to spend a minimum time reading. In both experiments, participants spent less time reading the passage they expected to access at test. In Experiment 3, reading time was fully controlled. Participants also reported their subjective reading effort and gave metacognitive predictions of their test performance. Across all experiments, participants scored lower on the memory test when they anticipated access to the passage than when they did not, and reading time mediated the relationship between store expectancy and condition. These results indicate that offloading-related memory impairments extend to informational text passages, even when time spent reading the passages is controlled.</p>","PeriodicalId":18569,"journal":{"name":"Memory","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}