Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease最新文献

{"title":"A wide diversity of bacteria from the human gut produces and degrades biogenic amines.","authors":"Benoit Pugin, Weronika Barcik, Patrick Westermann, Anja Heider, Marcin Wawrzyniak, Peter Hellings, Cezmi A Akdis, Liam O'Mahony","doi":"10.1080/16512235.2017.1353881","DOIUrl":"10.1080/16512235.2017.1353881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Biogenic amines (BAs) are metabolites produced by the decarboxylation of amino acids with significant physiological functions in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. BAs can be produced by bacteria in fermented foods, but little is known concerning the potential for microbes within the human gut microbiota to produce or degrade BAs. <b>Objective</b>: To isolate and identify BA-producing and BA-degrading microbes from the human gastrointestinal tract. <b>Design</b>: Fecal samples from human volunteers were screened on multiple growth media, under multiple growth conditions. Bacterial species were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing and BA production or degradation was assessed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. <b>Results</b>: In total, 74 BA-producing or BA-degrading strains were isolated from the human gut. These isolates belong to the genera <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Pediococcus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>, <i>Escherichia</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Morganella</i> and <i>Proteus</i>. While differences in production or degradation of specific BAs were observed at the strain level, our results suggest that these metabolic activities are widely spread across different taxa present within the human gut microbiota. <b>Conclusions</b>: The isolation and identification of microbes from the human gut with BA-producing and BA-degrading metabolic activity is an important first step in developing a better understanding of how these metabolites influence health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"28 1","pages":"1353881"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/19/c4/zmeh-28-1353881.PMC5614385.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35455293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial biota of women with bacterial vaginosis treated with lactoferrin: an open prospective randomized trial.","authors":"Alessandra Pino,&nbsp;Giuliana Giunta,&nbsp;Cinzia L Randazzo,&nbsp;Salvatore Caruso,&nbsp;Cinzia Caggia,&nbsp;Antonio Cianci","doi":"10.1080/16512235.2017.1357417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16512235.2017.1357417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Bacterial vaginosis is the most frequent condition associated to the vaginal microbiota imbalance, affecting about the 40-50% of women in the world. Even if antibiotics are effcetive for bacterial vaginosis treatment a long-term recurrence rates, higher than 70%, is recorded. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein with bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. It owns the ability to protect the host against infection, by binding and regulating the iron needed for the bacterial proliferation. <b>Objective</b>: The present study was an open prospective randomized trial (registration no. SHI-EVE-2014.01) aimed at characterizing the bacterial biota of women affected by bacterial vaginosis (BV) and assessing the effects of two different lactoferrin concentrations (100 mg and 200 mg vaginal pessaries) on the composition and dynamics of the vaginal bacterial biota. <b>Design</b>: Sixty women with BV were recruited and randomized into two groups to receive lactoferrin pessaries for 10 days. Clinical evaluation was based on Amsel criteria and Nugent scores. Culture-dependent methods and Ion Torrent PGM sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were applied to study in depth the overall structure of the vaginal bacterial biota and its dynamics during the treatment. <b>Results</b>: Vaginal lactoferrin administration modified the vaginal microbiota composition in patients with BV. During treatment, both 100 mg and 200 mg lactoferrin vaginal pessaries significantly decreased the occurrence of bacteria associated with BV, such as <i>Gardnerella</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, and <i>Lachnospira</i>, and increased the occurrence <i>of Lactobacillus</i> species. The bacterial biota balance was maintained up to 2 weeks after treatment only in women treated with 200 mg lactoferrin pessaries. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study indicates that lactoferrin could be proposed as an alternative therapeutic approach for BV. Our data showed, for the first time, the dominance of <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> species during and after vaginal lactoferrin treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"28 1","pages":"1357417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16512235.2017.1357417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35455294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of probiotic properties in human vaginal lactobacilli strains.","authors":"Pirje Hütt, Eleri Lapp, Jelena Štšepetova, Imbi Smidt, Heleri Taelma, Natalja Borovkova, Helen Oopkaup, Ave Ahelik, Tiiu Rööp, Dagmar Hoidmets, Külli Samuel, Andres Salumets, Reet Mändar","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v27.30484","DOIUrl":"10.3402/mehd.v27.30484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaginal lactobacilli offer protection against recurrent urinary infections, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal candidiasis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterise the isolated vaginal lactobacilli strains for their probiotic properties and to compare their probiotic potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Lactobacillus strains were isolated from vaginal samples by conventional culturing and identified by sequencing of the 16S rDNA fragment. Several functional properties were detected (production of hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid; antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Gardnerella vaginalis; auto-aggregation and adhesiveness) as well as safety (haemolytic activity, antibiotic susceptibility, presence of transferrable resistance genes).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 135 vaginal lactobacilli strains of three species, Lactobacillus crispatus (56%), Lactobacillus jensenii (26%), and Lactobacillus gasseri (18%) were characterised using several functional and safety tests. Most of L. crispatus (89%) and L. jensenii (86%) strains produced H2O2. The best lactic acid producers were L. gasseri (18.2±2.2 mg/ml) compared to L. crispatus (15.6±2.8 mg/ml) and L. jensenii (11.6±2.6 mg/ml) (p<0.0001; p<0.0001, respectively). L. crispatus strains showed significantly higher anti-E. coli activity compared to L. jensenii. L. gasseri strains expressed significantly lower anticandidal activity compared to L. crispatus and L. jensenii (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference between the species in antagonistic activity against G. vaginalis. Nearly a third of the strains were able to auto-aggregate while all the tested strains showed a good ability to adhere to HeLa cells. None of the tested lactobacilli caused haemolysis. Although phenotypical resistance was not found to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamycin, tetracycline, and vancomycin, the erm(B), tet(M), and tet(K) were detected in some strains. All strains were resistant to metronidazole, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and kanamycin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study revealed that the production of different antimicrobial metabolites is highly strain-specific and that the metabolites are not correlated with each other. L. crispatus displays better antagonistic activity against E. coli and Candida spp. than L. gasseri and L. jensenii; therefore; a potential probiotic candidate could be found among L. crispatus strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"27 ","pages":"30484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/aa/3a/MEHD-27-30484.PMC4985617.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34309987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A single Legionella pneumophila genotype in the freshwater system in a ship experiencing three separate outbreaks of legionellosis in 6 years.","authors":"Catrine Ahlen,&nbsp;Marianne Aas,&nbsp;Jadwiga Krusnell,&nbsp;Ole-Jan Iversen","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v27.31148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v27.31148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrent legionella outbreaks at one and the same location are common. We have identified a single Legionella pneumophila genotype associated with recurrent Legionella outbreaks over 6 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Field emergency surveys following Legionella outbreaks were performed on a vessel in 2008, 2009 and 2013. Water samples from both the distribution and technical parts of the potable water system were analyzed with respect to L. pneumophila [Real-Time PCR, cultivation, serotyping and genotyping (PFGE)] and free-living amoebae, (FLA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was present in the ship's potable water system during every outbreak. Genotyping of the 2008 survey material showed two separate PFGE genotypes while those in 2009 and 2013 demonstrated the presence of only one of the two genotypes. FLA with intracellular L. pneumophila of the same genotype were also detected. Analyses of the freshwater system on a ship following three separate Legionella outbreaks, for L. pneumophila and FLAs, revealed a single L. pneumophila genotype and FLA (Hartmanella).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is reasonable to assume that the L. pneumophila genotype detected in the freshwater system was the causal agent in the outbreaks onboard. Persistence of an apparently low-pathogenic L. pneumophila genotype and FLA in a potable water system represent a potential risk for recurrent outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"27 ","pages":"31148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/8c/MEHD-27-31148.PMC4981653.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34750076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromodulatory effects and targets of the SCFAs and gasotransmitters produced by the human symbiotic microbiota.","authors":"Alexander V Oleskin,&nbsp;Boris A Shenderov","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v27.30971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v27.30971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The symbiotic gut microbiota plays an important role in the development and homeostasis of the host organism. Its physiological, biochemical, behavioral, and communicative effects are mediated by multiple low molecular weight compounds. Recent data on small molecules produced by gut microbiota in mammalian organisms demonstrate the paramount importance of these biologically active molecules in terms of biology and medicine. Many of these molecules are pleiotropic mediators exerting effects on various tissues and organs. This review is focused on the functional roles of gaseous molecules that perform neuromediator and/or endocrine functions. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects of microbial fermentation-derived gaseous metabolites are not well understood. It is possible that these metabolites produce their effects via immunological, biochemical, and neuroendocrine mechanisms that involve endogenous and microbial modulators and transmitters; of considerable importance are also changes in epigenetic transcriptional factors, protein post-translational modification, lipid and mitochondrial metabolism, redox signaling, and ion channel/gap junction/transporter regulation. Recent findings have revealed that interactivity among such modulators/transmitters is a prerequisite for the ongoing dialog between microbial cells and host cells, including neurons. Using simple reliable methods for the detection and measurement of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and small gaseous molecules in eukaryotic tissues and prokaryotic cells, selective inhibitors of enzymes that participate in their synthesis, as well as safe chemical and microbial donors of pleiotropic mediators and modulators of host intestinal microbial ecology, should enable us to apply these chemicals as novel therapeutics and medical research tools. </p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"27 ","pages":"30971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v27.30971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34711938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-blind controlled randomised study of lactulose and lignin hydrolysed combination in complex therapy of atopic dermatitis.","authors":"Yuri N Perlamutrov,&nbsp;Kira B Olhovskaya,&nbsp;Svetlana A Zakirova","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v27.30418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v27.30418","url":null,"abstract":"Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an immune mediated disease with complex pathogenesis characterised by persistency, frequent exacerbations, and inefficacy of existing therapies. Damaged or weakened intestinal microbiocenosis is considered as an important aetiological factor of AD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of medical preparation Lactofiltrum (lactulose and sorbent (lignin hydrolysed)) in comparison with placebo in complex with standard therapy of AD. Methods Double-blind, placebo controlled, randomised comparative study of effectiveness and safety of 400 mg lactulose and 120 mg lignin hydrolysed combination as a part of standard combined AD treatment, conducted in parallel groups of patients aged 18–60. Results Comparison of clinical efficacy of Lactofiltrum in combination with the standard treatment has been demonstrated by measuring the following parameters: administration of Lactofiltrum results in 1) distinct clinical improvement in 56.75% of patients, 2) decrease of the mean values of scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index in 71.94% of patients, 3) elimination of itching in 50% of patients, and 4) life quality improvement for 76.41%. In the placebo group, 1) distinct clinical improvement was observed in 20% of patients, 2) decrease in SCORAD index values observed by 56.98%, 3) itching relief in 15.56%, and 4) life quality improvement by 36.38%. Conclusions Clinical improvement and persistent termination of clinical symptoms provide evidence of effectiveness in use of Lactofiltrum combined with the standard treatment of AD.","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"27 ","pages":"30418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/4a/MEHD-27-30418.PMC4920936.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34607594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic lactic acid bacteria - the fledgling cuckoos of the gut?","authors":"Arnold Berstad,&nbsp;Jan Raa,&nbsp;Tore Midtvedt,&nbsp;Jørgen Valeur","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v27.31557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v27.31557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is tempting to look at bacteria from our human egocentric point of view and label them as either 'good' or 'bad'. However, a microbial society has its own system of government - 'microcracy' - and its own rules of play. Lactic acid bacteria are often referred to as representatives of the good ones, and there is little doubt that those belonging to the normal intestinal flora are beneficial for human health. But we should stop thinking of lactic acid bacteria as always being 'friendly' - they may instead behave like fledgling cuckoos. </p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"27 ","pages":"31557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v27.31557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34421848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fragmented Lactobacillus amylovorus CP1563 on lipid metabolism in overweight and mildly obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Futoshi Nakamura,&nbsp;Yu Ishida,&nbsp;Kohtaro Aihara,&nbsp;Daisuke Sawada,&nbsp;Nobuhisa Ashida,&nbsp;Tomonori Sugawara,&nbsp;Yumeko Aoki,&nbsp;Isao Takehara,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Takano,&nbsp;Shigeru Fujiwara","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v27.30312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v27.30312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previously, we showed that fragmented Lactobacillus amylovorus CP1563 (CP1563) functions as a dual agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Here, we examined the safety and effect of CP1563 ingestion on body fat in obese class I participants in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial (RCT).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>In the RCT, 200 participants with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-30 kg/m(2) consumed test beverages with or without 200 mg of CP1563 daily for 12 weeks. In total, 197 subjects completed the study without any adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Body fat percentage, whole body fat, and visceral fat were significantly decreased in the test group compared with the placebo group (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). Triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure showed significant reductions in the test group compared with the placebo group (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, significant differences in the changes in blood glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and uric acid were observed between the two groups (p<0.001, p=0.004, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). Improvements in anthropometric measurements and markers were observed in obese class I subjects in the test group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Daily consumption of beverages containing fragmented CP1563 for 12 weeks by obese class I subjects improved anthropometric measurements and markers related to lipid and glucose metabolism without any adverse effects. These results suggest that the consumption of foods containing fragmented CP1563 reduces body fat and prevents metabolic syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"27 ","pages":"30312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v27.30312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34514775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiology of peritonsillar abscess in the South Estonian population.","authors":"Risto Vaikjärv,&nbsp;Priit Kasenõmm,&nbsp;Liis Jaanimäe,&nbsp;Ave Kivisild,&nbsp;Tiiu Rööp,&nbsp;Epp Sepp,&nbsp;Reet Mändar","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v27.27787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v27.27787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The first aim of this study was to compare the microbiota of different locations (pus, tonsillar fossa, blood) in peritonsillar abscess (PTA) patients in order to optimize the sampling scheme. The second aim was to estimate the occurrence of tonsillitis episodes and macroscopic oropharyngeal signs characteristic of recurrent tonsillitis in PTA patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study group consisted of 22 consecutive patients with PTA undergoing bilateral tonsillectomy. The PTA was punctured; pus and tonsillar fossa biopsy samples and the peripheral blood cultures were collected. The index of tonsillitis was calculated by multiplying the number of tonsillitis episodes per year by the morbidity period in years. Macroscopic oropharyngeal signs were evaluated and they were as follows: tonsillar sclerosis, obstruction of the tonsillar crypts, scar tissue on tonsils, cryptic debris, and lymphatic tissue aggregates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cultures of the pus were positive in 16 out of 22 patients and the cultures of the tonsillar fossa samples were positive in all cases. In total, 62 different organisms were found from tonsillar fossa, pus, and blood samples, which belonged to 5 different phyla and 18 different families.In the tonsillar fossa, the most frequent bacteria found were Streptococcus spp. In pus samples, the most frequently found bacteria were Streptococcus spp. and bacteria from the Streptococcus milleri group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PTA patients had mixed anaerobic and aerobic microbiota both in the tissue of the tonsillar fossa and the pus of the peritonsillar space. We demonstrated that the tonsillar fossa specimen is a better material for microbiological analyses, because it reveals more bacteria per culture. PTA patients usually have a low number of tonsillitis episodes in their previous history, but a relatively high number of macroscopic oropharyngeal signs, indicating the sclerotic process in palatal tonsils.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"27 ","pages":"27787"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/eb/7d/MEHD-27-27787.PMC4845694.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34344859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial culturomics unravels the halophilic microbiota repertoire of table salt: description of Gracilibacillus massiliensis sp. nov.","authors":"A. Diop, S. Khelaifia, N. Armstrong, N. Labas, P. Fournier, D. Raoult, M. Million","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v27.32049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v27.32049","url":null,"abstract":"Background Microbial culturomics represents an ongoing revolution in the characterization of environmental and human microbiome. Methods By using three media containing high salt concentration (100, 150, and 200 g/L), the halophilic microbial culturome of a commercial table salt was determined. Results Eighteen species belonging to the Terrabacteria group were isolated including eight moderate halophilic and 10 halotolerant bacteria. Gracilibacillus massiliensis sp. nov., type strain Awa-1T (=CSUR P1441=DSM 29726), is a moderately halophilic gram-positive, non-spore-forming rod, and is motile by using a flagellum. Strain Awa-1T shows catalase activity but no oxidase activity. It is not only an aerobic bacterium but also able to grow in anaerobic and microaerophilic atmospheres. The draft genome of G. massiliensis is 4,207,226 bp long, composed of 13 scaffolds with 36.05% of G+C content. It contains 3,908 genes (3,839 protein-coding and 69 RNA genes). At least 1,983 (52%) orthologous proteins were not shared with the closest phylogenetic species. Hundred twenty-six genes (3.3%) were identified as ORFans. Conclusions Microbial culturomics can dramatically improve the characterization of the food and environmental microbiota repertoire, deciphering new bacterial species and new genes. Further studies will clarify the geographic specificity and the putative role of these new microbes and their related functional genetic content in environment, health, and disease.","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v27.32049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69826628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}