Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease最新文献

{"title":"International Congress of the Society for Microbial Ecology and Disease SOMED 2013, September 2013","authors":"V. Aleshkin","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v24i0.23078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v24i0.23078","url":null,"abstract":".(Published: 13 December 2013) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2013, 24 : 23078 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v24i0.23078","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v24i0.23078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69826314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a commercial probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on oral health in healthy dentate people.","authors":"Justyna Sutula, Lisa Ann Coulthwaite, Linda Valerie Thomas, Joanna Verran","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v24i0.21003","DOIUrl":"10.3402/mehd.v24i0.21003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the past decade, the use of probiotic-containing products has been explored as a potential alternative in oral health therapy. A widely available probiotic drink, Yakult, was evaluated for oral health applications in this longitudinal study. Selected oral health parameters, such as levels and composition of salivary and tongue plaque microbiota and of malodorous gases, in dentate healthy individuals were investigated for changes. The persistence of the probiotic strain in the oral cavity was monitored throughout the study period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-phase study (7 weeks) was designed to investigate simultaneously the effect of 4-week consumption of the probiotic-containing milk drink Yakult on the microbiota of saliva and dorsum tongue coating in healthy dentate people (n = 22) and levels of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in morning breath. Study phases comprised one baseline visit, at which 'control' levels of oral parameters were obtained prior to the probiotic product consumption; a 4-week period of daily consumption of one 65 ml bottle of Yakult, each bottle containing a minimum of 6.5×10(9) viable cells of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS); and a 2-week washout period. The microbial viability and composition of saliva and tongue dorsum coating were assessed using a range of solid media. The presence of LcS in the oral cavity was investigated using a novel selective medium, 'LcS Select'. Portable sulphur monitors Halimeter(®) and OralChroma(TM) were used to measure levels of VSCs in morning breath.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Utilization of the LcS Select medium revealed a significant (p < 0.05) but temporary and consumption-dependent presence of LcS in saliva and tongue plaque samples from healthy dentate individuals (n = 19) during the probiotic intervention phase. LcS was undetectable with culture after 2 weeks of ceasing its consumption. Morning breath scores measured with Halimeter and OralChroma were not significantly affected throughout the trial, except in a small number of individual cases where Halimeter scores were significantly reduced during the probiotic intervention period. Natural fluctuations in resident acidogenic populations, and numbers of Candida and anaerobic species, including malodourous Gram-negative anaerobes, were unaffected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While no broad ecological changes in the mouth were induced by consumption of Yakult in healthy dentate individuals, findings of this study confirm the temporary and intake-dependent presence of LcS. Future studies could focus on subjects at greater risk of oral infection, where ill-defined microbiota (e.g. an increased presence of periopathogens) or clinically diagnosed halitosis might be significantly affected by consumption of this probiotic.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3813825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31824215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faecal short-chain fatty acid pattern in childhood coeliac disease is normalised after more than one year's gluten-free diet.","authors":"Bo Tjellström, Lotta Högberg, Lars Stenhammar, Karin Fälth-Magnusson, Karl-Erik Magnusson, Elisabeth Norin, Tommy Sundqvist, Tore Midtvedt","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v24i0.20905","DOIUrl":"10.3402/mehd.v24i0.20905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recent work indicates that the gut microflora is altered in patients with coeliac disease (CD). Faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microflora. We have previously reported a high SCFA output in children with symptomatic and asymptomatic CD at presentation, as well as in CD children on a gluten-free diet (GFD) for less than 1 year, indicating deviant gut microfloral function. In this report, we focus on faecal SCFA production in coeliacs on GFD for more than 1 year.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Faecal samples were collected from 53 children with CD at presentation, 74 coeliac children on GFD for less than 1 year, and 25 individuals diagnosed with CD in childhood and on GFD for more than 1 year. The control group comprised 54 healthy children (HC). The faecal samples were analysed to show the SCFA pattern taken as a marker of gut microflora function. We applied a new fermentation index, reflecting the inflammatory activity of the SCFAs (amount of acetic acid minus propionic acid and n-butyric acid, together divided by the total amount of SCFAs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In coeliacs on GFD for more than 1 year, the individual SCFAs, total SCFA, and fermentation index did not differ significantly from the findings in controls. In contrast, the faecal SCFA level was clearly higher in coeliacs treated with GFD for less than 1 year compared to those more than 1 year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study on SCFA patterns in faecal samples from individuals with CD on GFD for more than 1 year. Our study indicates that the disturbed gut microflora function in children with CD at presentation and after less than 1 year of GFD, previously demonstrated by us, is normalised on GFD for more than 1 year.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31772475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabiotics: novel idea or natural development of probiotic conception.","authors":"Boris A Shenderov","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v24i0.20399","DOIUrl":"10.3402/mehd.v24i0.20399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditionally, probiotics on the base of live microorganisms are considered to be both beneficial and safe. Unfortunately, their effects may have short-term success or are absent or uncertain. Some symbiotic (probiotic) microorganisms with known beneficial health affects may cause opportunistic infections, increase incidence of allergic sensitization and autoimmune disorders, produce microecological imbalance, modify gene expression, transfer antibiotic resistant and virulence genes, cause disorders in epigenome and genome integrity, induce chromosomal DNA damage, and activate signaling pathways associated with cancer and other chronic diseases. The commercially available probiotics should be considered as a first generation means of correcting microecological disorders. Further, their development will include the selection of natural metabiotics and/or working out the synthetic (or semi-synthetic) metabiotics that will be analogies or improved copies of natural bioactives, produced by symbiotic (probiotic) microorganisms. Metabiotics are the structural components of probiotic microorganisms and/or their metabolites and/or signaling molecules with a determined (known) chemical structure that can optimize host-specific physiological functions, regulator, metabolic and/or behavior reactions connected with the activity of host indigenous microbiota. Metabiotics have some advantages because of their exact chemical structure, well dosed, very safe and long shelf-life. Thus, now metabiotics should not consider myth; they are the result of the natural evolution of probiotic conception. </p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3747726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31694734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotyping and genotyping are both essential to identify and classify a probiotic microorganism.","authors":"Gianfranco Donelli,&nbsp;Claudia Vuotto,&nbsp;Paola Mastromarino","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v24i0.20105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v24i0.20105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of probiotic products, especially for humans, requires an unequivocal taxonomical definition of their microbial content, in order to assign the probiotic effects to well identified and characterized microbial strains. In the absence of this, the labeling of some marketed probiotics may be misleading, both in terms of microbiological contents and possible beneficial effects. Currently, the 'polyphasic taxonomy' based on the integration of phenotypic and genotypic data seems to be the most appropriate approach. In fact, even if phenotypic characters often overlap among genetically different species, the molecular methods alone are frequently not able to establish distinct boundaries among phylogenetically related species. Thus, a valid scheme for the identification of a probiotic strain should be currently based on its morphological, physiological, and biochemical features as well as on aspects of its genetic profile. It is important that the identity of specific probiotic strains appearing on the product label is the result of a carefully selected combination of suitable phenotypic and genotypic analytical methods. Only adoption of such a policy could give the right emphasis to the significance of strain-specificity and thus provide health authorities with accurate tools to better evaluate the health benefits claimed by each probiotic-based product. The most common phenotypic and genotypic methods are briefly reviewed here with the aim of highlighting the suitable techniques which can be used to differentiate among microorganisms of probiotic interest, particularly those claiming beneficial health effects for humans. </p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v24i0.20105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31711178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of feminine hygiene products on the vaginal mucosal biome.","authors":"Bisiayo Fashemi,&nbsp;Mary L Delaney,&nbsp;Andrew B Onderdonk,&nbsp;Raina N Fichorova","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v24i0.19703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v24i0.19703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over-the-counter (OTC) feminine hygiene products come with little warning about possible side effects. This study evaluates in-vitro their effects on Lactobacillus crispatus, which is dominant in the normal vaginal microbiota and helps maintain a healthy mucosal barrier essential for normal reproductive function and prevention of sexually transmitted infections and gynecologic cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A feminine moisturizer (Vagisil), personal lubricant, and douche were purchased OTC. A topical spermicide (nonoxynol-9) known to alter the vaginal immune barrier was used as a control. L. crispatus was incubated with each product for 2 and 24h and then seeded on agar for colony forming units (CFU). Human vaginal epithelial cells were exposed to products in the presence or absence of L. crispatus for 24h, followed by epithelium-associated CFU enumeration. Interleukin-8 was immunoassayed and ANOVA was used for statistical evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nonoxynol-9 and Vagisil suppressed Lactobacillus growth at 2h and killed all bacteria at 24h. The lubricant decreased bacterial growth insignificantly at 2h but killed all at 24h. The douche did not have a significant effect. At full strength, all products suppressed epithelial viability and all, except the douche, suppressed epithelial-associated CFU. When applied at non-toxic dose in the absence of bacteria, the douche and moisturizer induced an increase of IL-8, suggesting a potential to initiate inflammatory reaction. In the presence of L. crispatus, the proinflammatory effects of the douche and moisturizer were countered, and IL-8 production was inhibited in the presence of the other products.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Some OTC vaginal products may be harmful to L. crispatus and alter the vaginal immune environment. Illustrated through these results, L. crispatus is essential in the preservation of the function of vaginal epithelial cells in the presence of some feminine hygiene products. More research should be invested toward these products before they are placed on the market.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v24i0.19703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31711179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of gut microbiota with body weight and body mass index in preschool children of Estonia.","authors":"Epp Sepp,&nbsp;Krista Lõivukene,&nbsp;Kaja Julge,&nbsp;Tiia Voor,&nbsp;Marika Mikelsaar","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v24i0.19231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v24i0.19231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota has been shown to affect both fat storage and energy harvesting, suggesting that it plays a direct role in the development of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intestinal colonization by particular species/groups of the intestinal microbiota is related to body weight values in Estonian preschool children born in different years during the entire 1990s.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and quantitative composition of cultivable gut microbiota (staphylococci, enterococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, lactobacilli, anaerobic gram-positive cocci, bifidobacteria, eubacteria, bacteroides, clostridia, and candida) were studied in 51 healthy 5-year-old children (40 were born between 1993 and 94 and 11 were born between 1996 and 97).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the age of 5 years, median weight was 19.5 kg and median BMI was 15.3 kg/m(2). Significantly higher BMI (p=0.006) was found in 5-year-old children born in late versus early 1990s during the development of socioeconomic situation of Estonia (2% rise in gross domestic product). The counts of the different gut bacteria did not show any association with weight and BMI in the 5-year-old children. However, the BMI values were in positive correlation with a relative share of anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, for example, bifidobacteria when adjusted for sex and year of birth (adj R(2)=0.459, p=0.026) and eubacteria (adj R(2)=0.484, p=0.014) in the community of cultured intestinal microbiota. The relative share of bacteroides showed a negative correlation with the childrens' weight (adj R(2)=- 0.481, p=0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The body weight indices of preschool children of the general population are associated with the proportion of anaerobic intestinal microbiota and can be predicted by sex and particular socioeconomic situation from birth to 5 years of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v24i0.19231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31711177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let's do it!","authors":"Tore Midtvedt","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v23i0.20248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v23i0.20248","url":null,"abstract":"The shift of Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease to an Open Access publication model and a dedicated publishing house has now started to bear fruit. The so-called Impact Factor is one of several ranking indicators that are important for the development of a scientific journal, and I am therefore pleased to inform our authors and readers that, in July 2012, Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease was entered into online evaluation by Thomson Reuters (ISI), the company offering this citation indexing service. However, it will probably take 3-4 years before the journal actually obtains an official Impact Factor due to the way in which this factor is calculated. But now the process has started. Personally, my first priority is to publish highquality research papers that will be read by researchers all over the world; if these papers are also cited by these researchers, I will only be happy. (Published: 27 December 2012) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2012, 23 : 20248 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v23i0.20248","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"23 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v23i0.20248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31694779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from the Joint 17th ISG/34th SOMED Meeting in Yokohama, 1922 May 2011 - complete supplement","authors":"S. Kamiya, Shunichi Kato","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v23i0.18794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v23i0.18794","url":null,"abstract":"s from the Joint 17th ISG/34th SOMED Meeting in Yokohama, 19–22 May 2011 Guest Editors: Professor Shigeru Kamiya, MD, PhD and Professor Shunichi Kato, MD, PhD","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69825937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symposium presentations","authors":"S. Salminen, H. Mäkivuokko, P. Wacklin, M. Koenen, K. Laamanen, C. Kwan, P. Kirjavainen, Chen Yan, H. El‐Nezami","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v23i0.18868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v23i0.18868","url":null,"abstract":"Overview of technology developments in probiotic field Catherine Stanton, Gerald F. Fitzgerald and R. Paul Ross 54 Prebiotics and probiotics the importance of branding Ross Crittenden 54 Probiotics and atherosclerosis a new challenge? Chan Yee Kwan, Pirkka Kirjavainen, Chen Yan and Hani El-Nezami 55 Probiotics and dental caries Eva Söderling 56 Prebiotic developments Arthur Ouwehand 57 Health claims on foods: challenge for clinical research companies Essi Sarkkinen, Pia Karjalainen and Mari Lyyra 58","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69825704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}