Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Horizontal transfer of GM DNA - why is almost no one looking? Open letter to Kaare Nielsen in his capacity as a member of the European Food Safety Authority GMO panel.","authors":"Mae-Wan Ho","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v25.25919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.25919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A culture of denial over the horizontal spread of genetically modified nucleic acids prevails in the face of direct evidence that it has occurred widely when appropriate methods and molecular probes are used for detection. </p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v25.25919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32748590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance and genetically modified plants.","authors":"Tore Midtvedt","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v25.25918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.25918","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available. (Published: 25 September 2014) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2014, 25 : 25918 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.25918","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v25.25918","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32748591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory effect of non-viable components of probiotic culture stimulated with heat-inactivated Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus on holoxenic mice.","authors":"L M Ditu,&nbsp;M C Chifiriuc,&nbsp;E Bezirtzoglou,&nbsp;L Marutescu,&nbsp;C Bleotu,&nbsp;D Pelinescu,&nbsp;G Mihaescu,&nbsp;V Lazar","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v25.23239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.23239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Competition of probiotic bacteria with other species from the intestinal microbiota involves different mechanisms that occur regardless of probiotics' viability. The objective of this paper was to assess the cytokine serum levels in holoxenic mice after oral administration of non-viable components (NVC) of Enterococcus faecium probiotic culture stimulated with heat-inactivated Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus in comparison to NVC of unstimulated E. faecium probiotic culture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Probiotic E. faecium CMGb 16 culture, grown in the presence of heat-inactivated cultures of E. coli and B. cereus CMGB 102, was subsequently separated into supernatant (SN) and heat-inactivated cellular sediment (CS) fractions by centrifugation. Each NVC was orally administered to holoxenic mice (balb C mouse strain), in three doses, given at 24 hours. Blood samples were collected from the retinal artery, at 7, 14, and 21 days after the first administration of the NVC. The serum concentrations of IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) interleukins were assessed by ELISA method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the oral administration of SN component obtained from the probiotic culture stimulated with heat-inactivated cultures of B. cereus CMGB 102 and E. coli O28, the serum concentrations of IL-12 were maintained higher in the samples collected at 7 and 14 days post-administration. No specific TNF-α profile could be established, depending on stimulated or non-stimulated probiotic culture, NVC fraction, or harvesting time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The obtained results demonstrate that non-viable fractions of probiotic bacteria, stimulated by other bacterial species, could induce immunostimulatory effects mediated by cytokines and act, therefore, as immunological adjuvants.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/9f/MEHD-25-23239.PMC4172693.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32748589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal staphylococcal small colony variants: a cause of medically unexplained physical symptoms?","authors":"Arnold Berstad,&nbsp;Olav Hauso,&nbsp;Jørgen Valeur","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v25.25817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.25817","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available. (Published: 19 September 2014) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2014, 25 : 25817 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.25817","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1c/55/MEHD-25-25817.PMC4170109.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32748588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and synergistic growth of mixed cultures of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli combined with prebiotic oligosaccharides in a gastrointestinal tract simulator.","authors":"Signe Adamberg,&nbsp;Ingrid Sumeri,&nbsp;Riin Uusna,&nbsp;Padma Ambalam,&nbsp;Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi,&nbsp;Kaarel Adamberg,&nbsp;Torkel Wadström,&nbsp;Asa Ljungh","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v25.23062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.23062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Probiotics, especially in combination with non-digestible oligosaccharides, may balance the gut microflora while multistrain preparations may express an improved functionality over single strain cultures. In vitro gastrointestinal models enable to test survival and growth dynamics of mixed strain probiotics in a controlled, replicable manner.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The robustness and compatibility of multistrain probiotics composed of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli combined with mixed prebiotics (galacto-, fructo- and xylo-oligosaccharides or galactooligosaccharides and soluble starch) were studied using a dynamic gastrointestinal tract simulator (GITS). The exposure to acid and bile of the upper gastrointestinal tract was followed by dilution with a continuous decrease of the dilution rate (de-celerostat) to simulate the descending nutrient availability of the large intestine. The bacterial numbers and metabolic products were analyzed and the growth parameters determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most acid- and bile-resistant strains were Lactobacillus plantarum F44 and L. paracasei F8. Bifidobacterium breve 46 had the highest specific growth rate and, although sensitive to bile exposure, recovered during the dilution phase in most experiments. B. breve 46, L. plantarum F44, and L. paracasei F8 were selected as the most promising strains for further studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>De-celerostat cultivation can be applied to study the mixed bacterial cultures under defined conditions of decreasing nutrient availability to select a compatible set of strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v25.23062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32520492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher blood glucose level associated with body mass index and gut microbiota in elderly people.","authors":"Epp Sepp,&nbsp;Helgi Kolk,&nbsp;Krista Lõivukene,&nbsp;Marika Mikelsaar","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v25.22857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.22857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some dominant bacterial divisions of the intestines have been linked to metabolic diseases such as overweight and diabetes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A pilot study aimed to evaluate the relations between the culturable intestinal bacteria with body mass index (BMI) and some principal cellular and metabolic markers of blood in people older than 65.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Altogether 38 generally healthy elderly people were recruited: ambulatory (n=19) and orthopedic surgery (n=19). Questionnaires on general health, anthropometric measurements, routine clinical and laboratory data, and quantitative composition of cultivable gut microbiota were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blood glucose level was positively correlated with BMI (r=0.402; p=0.014). Higher blood glucose level had negative correlation with relative share of intestinal anaerobic bacteria such as bacteroides (r=-0.434; p=0.0076) and gram-positive anaerobic cocci (r=-0.364; p=0.027). In contrast, the relative share of bifidobacteria (r=0.383; p=0.019) and staphylococci (r=0.433; p=0.008) was positively correlated to blood glucose level. In elderly people, a higher blood glucose concentration was predicted by the reduction of the anaerobes' proportion (adj. sex, age, and BMI R(2)=0.192, p=0.028) and that of Bacteroides sp. (adj. R(2)=0.309, p=0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A tight interplay between increased BMI, level of blood glucose, and the reduced proportion of cultivable bacteroides is taking place in the gut microbiota of elderly people.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v25.22857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32430729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenomic programing: a future way to health?","authors":"Boris A Shenderov,&nbsp;Tore Midtvedt","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v25.24145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.24145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is now generally accepted that the 'central genome dogma' (i.e. a causal chain going from DNA to RNA to proteins and downstream to biological functions) should be replaced by the 'fluid genome dogma', that is, complex feed-forward and feed-back cycles that interconnect organism and environment by epigenomic programing - and reprograming - throughout life and at all levels, sometimes also down the generations. The epigenomic programing is the net sum of interactions derived from own metabolism and microbiota as well as external factors such as diet, pharmaceuticals, environmental compounds, and so on. It is a growing body of results indicating that many chronic metabolic and degenerative disorders and diseases - often called 'civilization diseases' - are initiated and/or influenced upon by non-optimal epigenomic programing, often taking place early in life. In this context, the first 1,000 days of life - from conception into early infancy - is often called the most important period of life. The following sections present some major mechanisms for epigenomic programing as well as some factors assumed to be of importance. The need for more information about own genome and metagenome, as well as a substantial lack of adequate information regarding dietary and environmental databases are also commented upon. However, the mere fact that we can influence epigenomic health programing opens up the way for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. The authors underline the importance of creating a 'Human Gut Microbiota and Epigenomic Platform' in order to facilitate interdisciplinary collaborations among scientists and clinicians engaged in host microbial ecology, nutrition, metagenomics, epigenomics and metabolomics as well as in disease epidemiology, prevention and treatment. </p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v25.24145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32343786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coryneform bacteria in human semen: inter-assay variability in species composition detection and biofilm production ability.","authors":"Silver Türk,&nbsp;Sandra Mazzoli,&nbsp;Jelena Stšepetova,&nbsp;Julia Kuznetsova,&nbsp;Reet Mändar","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v25.22701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.22701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coryneform bacteria constitute an important segment of male urogenital microbiota. They have been generally considered as saprophytes, although some species have been associated with prostatitis as well. At the same time, biofilm infections have been suspected as a cause of prostatitis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify a set of coryneform bacteria isolated from semen of either healthy men or prostatitis patients applying different methods to reveal inter-assay variability and to determine their ability of adhesion and biofilm production.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Coryneform bacteria were identified by API Coryne 2.0 biochemical identification system and 16S rDNA sequencing using different primer sets. Quantitative assessment of biofilm production was performed using crystal violet binding assay method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common species were Corynebacterium seminale, C. minutissimum, and Dermabacter hominis. Altogether 14 species and related genera were found. We observed the best inter-assay agreement when identifying C. seminale. Biofilm was observed in 7 out of 24 strains. The biofilm-producing strains belonged to Arthrobacter cumminsii, Dermabacter hominis, C. minutissimum, and Actinomyces neuii. No differences were found between the strains originating from prostatitis patients and healthy men. Dermabacter hominis strains were more potent biofilm producers than C. seminale strains (p=0.048).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We can conclude that a wide variety of coryneform bacteria can be found from the male genital tract, although their exact identification is problematic due to insufficient representation in databases. Nearly one third of the strains are able to form biofilm that may give them an advantage for surviving several host- and treatment-related conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v25.22701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32147929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Bifidobacteriaceae in human hypochlorhydria stomach.","authors":"Paola Mattarelli,&nbsp;Giovanni Brandi,&nbsp;Carlo Calabrese,&nbsp;Fabio Fornari,&nbsp;Gian Maria Prati,&nbsp;Bruno Biavati,&nbsp;Barbara Sgorbati","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v25.21379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v25.21379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The human stomach, when healthy, is not a suitable host for microorganisms, but in pathological conditions such as gastritis, when gastric acid secretion is impaired, microbial overgrowth can be observed. Apart from Helicobacter pylori, the composition of microbiota, resident or exogenously introduced during neutral/high pH conditions, has not been investigated thoroughly. Thus, it is possible that Bifidobacteriaceae, important autochthonous and beneficial bacteria of human gastrointestinal microbiota, could over-colonize the stomach of hypochlorhydria patients suffering from autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) or omeprazole-treated (OME) gastritis. This prompted us to characterize the Bifidobacteriaceae in such patients' gastric microbiota and to study its abnormal colonization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples of gastric juices, and antrum and corpus mucosa from 23 hypochlorhydria patients (13 AAG and 10 OME) and from 10 control volunteers with base-line normochlorhydria, were cultivated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and selective Bifidobacterium-Tryptone-Phytone-Yeast extract (Bif-TPY) media. The isolates were characterized by the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase (F6PPK) test, electrophoresis of cellular proteins, the fermentation test, guanine-cytosine% DNA content, and DNA-DNA hybridization. Negative F6PPK isolates were characterized by order-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 125 isolates, assigned to the Bifidobacteriaceae family on the basis of their morphology, were obtained from AAG and OME patients, but not from normal subjects. Of these isolates, 55 were assigned to the Bifidobacteriaceae family on the basis of their fructose-6-phosphoketolase (PPK) activity, PPK being the key taxonomic enzyme of this family. The remaining 70 isolates, which were PPK-negative, were attributed to the Actinomycetales order following specific primer PCR analysis. We observed a significantly higher abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae (Bifidobacterium dentium, Scardovia inopinata, and Parascardovia denticolens) in OME group than the AAG group. Furthermore, the Actinomycetales distribution was homogeneous for both hypochlorhydria patient groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that the Bifidobacteriaceae species, typically found in the oral cavity, readily colonizes the hypochlorhydria stomach of OME patients. The clinical relevance and the mechanism underlying this Bifidobacteriaceae presence in OME gastritis requires further functional studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"25 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3402/mehd.v25.21379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32032633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Society for microbial ecology, microbial ecology in health and disease, and the future.","authors":"Tore Midtvedt","doi":"10.3402/mehd.v24i0.23315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v24i0.23315","url":null,"abstract":"The Society for Microbial Ecology (SOMED) 36 th  International Conference is now history. As stated by President Andy Onderdonk in the last SOMED newsletter, the meeting was a success. The Organizing Committee, headed by Professor Alojz Bomba, had done a marvellous job. The programme was well balanced with a many good lectures highly relevant for our society. We would, however, have liked to see even more participants and/or SOMED members, something that was discussed at the General Assembly meeting. The discussion resulted in a proposal from one of our councillors, Sandrine Claus, who a few days after the meeting came up with an excellent proposal. (Published: 10 December 2013) Citation: Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2013, 24 : 23315 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/mehd.v24i0.23315","PeriodicalId":18568,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease","volume":"24 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3860332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31964213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}