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Biogenesis, germination, and pathogenesis of Cryptococcus spores. 隐球菌孢子的生物生成、萌发和致病机理。
IF 8 1区 生物学
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Epub Date: 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00196-23
Sébastien C Ortiz, Christina M Hull
{"title":"Biogenesis, germination, and pathogenesis of <i>Cryptococcus</i> spores.","authors":"Sébastien C Ortiz, Christina M Hull","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00196-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00196-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYSpores are primary infectious propagules for the majority of human fungal pathogens; however, relatively little is known about their fundamental biology. One strategy to address this deficiency has been to develop the basidiospores of <i>Cryptococcus</i> into a model for pathogenic spore biology. Here, we provide an update on the state of the field with a comprehensive review of the data generated from the study of <i>Cryptococcus</i> basidiospores from their formation (sporulation) and differentiation (germination) to their roles in pathogenesis. Importantly, we provide support for the presence of basidiospores in nature, define the key characteristics that distinguish basidiospores from yeast cells, and clarify their likely roles as infectious particles. This review is intended to demonstrate the importance of basidiospores in the field of <i>Cryptococcus</i> research and provide a solid foundation from which researchers who wish to study sexual spores in any fungal system can launch their studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0019623"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hemophore-like proteins of the HmuY family in the oral and gut microbiome: unraveling the mystery of their evolution 口腔和肠道微生物群中的 HmuY 家族血孔样蛋白：揭开其进化之谜
IF 12.9 1区 生物学
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00131-23
Teresa OlczakMichał ŚmigaSvetlana V. AntonyukJohn W. Smalley1Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland2Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom3Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Corrella S. Detweiler
{"title":"Hemophore-like proteins of the HmuY family in the oral and gut microbiome: unraveling the mystery of their evolution","authors":"Teresa OlczakMichał ŚmigaSvetlana V. AntonyukJohn W. Smalley1Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland2Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom3Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Corrella S. Detweiler","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00131-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00131-23","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":"257 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139665711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the origin of the nucleus: a hypothesis. 关于原子核的起源:一个假说。
IF 12.9 1区 生物学
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Epub Date: 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00186-21
Buzz Baum, Anja Spang
{"title":"On the origin of the nucleus: a hypothesis.","authors":"Buzz Baum, Anja Spang","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00186-21","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00186-21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYIn this hypothesis article, we explore the origin of the eukaryotic nucleus. In doing so, we first look afresh at the nature of this defining feature of the eukaryotic cell and its core functions-emphasizing the utility of seeing the eukaryotic nucleoplasm and cytoplasm as distinct regions of a common compartment. We then discuss recent progress in understanding the evolution of the eukaryotic cell from archaeal and bacterial ancestors, focusing on phylogenetic and experimental data which have revealed that many eukaryotic machines with nuclear activities have archaeal counterparts. In addition, we review the literature describing the cell biology of representatives of the TACK and Asgardarchaeaota - the closest known living archaeal relatives of eukaryotes. Finally, bringing these strands together, we propose a model for the archaeal origin of the nucleus that explains much of the current data, including predictions that can be used to put the model to the test.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0018621"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138451931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Programmed chromosome fragmentation in ciliated protozoa: multiple means to chromosome ends. 纤毛原生动物的程序性染色体断裂:通往染色体末端的多种途径。
IF 8 1区 生物学
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Epub Date: 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00184-22
Mireille Bétermier, Lawrence A Klobutcher, Eduardo Orias
{"title":"Programmed chromosome fragmentation in ciliated protozoa: multiple means to chromosome ends.","authors":"Mireille Bétermier, Lawrence A Klobutcher, Eduardo Orias","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00184-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00184-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYCiliated protozoa undergo large-scale developmental rearrangement of their somatic genomes when forming a new transcriptionally active macronucleus during conjugation. This process includes the fragmentation of chromosomes derived from the germline, coupled with the efficient healing of the broken ends by <i>de novo</i> telomere addition. Here, we review what is known of developmental chromosome fragmentation in ciliates that have been well-studied at the molecular level (<i>Tetrahymena</i>, <i>Paramecium</i>, <i>Euplotes</i>, <i>Stylonychia</i>, and <i>Oxytricha</i>). These organisms differ substantially in the fidelity and precision of their fragmentation systems, as well as in the presence or absence of well-defined sequence elements that direct excision, suggesting that chromosome fragmentation systems have evolved multiple times and/or have been significantly altered during ciliate evolution. We propose a two-stage model for the evolution of the current ciliate systems, with both stages involving repetitive or transposable elements in the genome. The ancestral form of chromosome fragmentation is proposed to have been derived from the ciliate small RNA/chromatin modification process that removes transposons and other repetitive elements from the macronuclear genome during development. The evolution of this ancestral system is suggested to have potentiated its replacement in some ciliate lineages by subsequent fragmentation systems derived from mobile genetic elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0018422"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138445289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
2023 Acknowledgment of MMBR Reviewers. 2023 感谢 MMBR 评审员。
IF 12.9 1区 生物学
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00162-23
Corrella Detweiler
{"title":"2023 Acknowledgment of MMBR Reviewers.","authors":"Corrella Detweiler","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00162-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00162-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":"87 4","pages":"e0016223"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138807387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bacterial heterogeneity and antibiotic persistence: bacterial mechanisms utilized in the host environment. 细菌异质性和抗生素持久性:宿主环境中利用的细菌机制。
IF 5.4 1区 生物学
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Epub Date: 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00174-22
Katherine L Cotten, Kimberly Michele Davis
{"title":"Bacterial heterogeneity and antibiotic persistence: bacterial mechanisms utilized in the host environment.","authors":"Katherine L Cotten, Kimberly Michele Davis","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00174-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00174-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYAntibiotic persistence, or the ability of small subsets of bacteria to survive prolonged antibiotic treatment, is an underappreciated cause of antibiotic treatment failure. Over the past decade, researchers have discovered multiple different stress responses and mechanisms that can promote antibiotic persistence. However, many of these studies have been completed in culture-based systems that fail to truly replicate the complexities of the host environment, and it is unclear whether the mechanisms defined in <i>in vitro</i> studies are applicable during host infection. In this review, we focus our discussion on recent studies that utilize a mixture of <i>ex vivo</i> culture systems and animal models to understand what stressors in the host environment are important for inducing antibiotic persistence. Different host stressors are involved depending on the anatomical niche the bacteria reside in and whether the host immune system is primed to generate a more robust response against bacteria, which can result in differing downstream effects on antibiotic susceptibility. Bacterial pathogens can also utilize specific strategies to reprogram their metabolism, which is vital for transitioning into an antibiotic-persistent state within host tissues. Importantly, we highlight that more attention is needed to establish guidelines for <i>in vivo</i> work on antibiotic persistence, particularly when identifying antibiotic-persistent subpopulations and distinguishing these phenotypes from antibiotic tolerance. Studying antibiotic persistence in the context of the host environment will be crucial for developing tools and strategies to target antibiotic-persistent bacteria and increase the efficacy of antibiotic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0017422"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92155196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction for Zhu and Zheng, "The Race between Host Antiviral Innate Immunity and the Immune Evasion Strategies of Herpes Simplex Virus 1". 更正朱、郑：“单纯疱疹病毒1型宿主抗病毒天然免疫与免疫逃避策略的竞争”。
IF 12.9 1区 生物学
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Epub Date: 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00103-23
Huifang Zhu, Chunfu Zheng
{"title":"Correction for Zhu and Zheng, \"The Race between Host Antiviral Innate Immunity and the Immune Evasion Strategies of Herpes Simplex Virus 1\".","authors":"Huifang Zhu, Chunfu Zheng","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00103-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00103-23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0010323"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41236759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RecBCD enzyme: mechanistic insights from mutants of a complex helicase-nuclease. RecBCD酶:复杂解旋酶-核酸酶突变体的机制见解。
IF 8 1区 生物学
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Epub Date: 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00041-23
Susan K Amundsen, Gerald R Smith
{"title":"RecBCD enzyme: mechanistic insights from mutants of a complex helicase-nuclease.","authors":"Susan K Amundsen, Gerald R Smith","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00041-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00041-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYRecBCD enzyme is a multi-functional protein that initiates the major pathway of homologous genetic recombination and DNA double-strand break repair in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. It is also required for high cell viability and aids proper DNA replication. This 330-kDa, three-subunit enzyme is one of the fastest, most processive helicases known and contains a potent nuclease controlled by Chi sites, hotspots of recombination, in DNA. RecBCD undergoes major changes in activity and conformation when, during DNA unwinding, it encounters Chi (5'-GCTGGTGG-3') and nicks DNA nearby. Here, we discuss the multitude of mutations in each subunit that affect one or another activity of RecBCD and its control by Chi. These mutants have given deep insights into how the multiple activities of this complex enzyme are coordinated and how it acts in living cells. Similar studies could help reveal how other complex enzymes are controlled by inter-subunit interactions and conformational changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0004123"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clearing the air: unraveling past and guiding future research in atmospheric chemosynthesis. 净化空气：揭示过去并指导未来大气化学合成的研究。
IF 8 1区 生物学
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Epub Date: 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00048-23
Angelique E Ray, Dana Z Tribbia, Don A Cowan, Belinda C Ferrari
{"title":"Clearing the air: unraveling past and guiding future research in atmospheric chemosynthesis.","authors":"Angelique E Ray, Dana Z Tribbia, Don A Cowan, Belinda C Ferrari","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00048-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00048-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>Atmospheric chemosynthesis is a recently proposed form of chemoautotrophic microbial primary production. The proposed process relies on the oxidation of trace concentrations of hydrogen (≤530 ppbv), carbon monoxide (≤90 ppbv), and methane (≤1,870 ppbv) gases using high-affinity enzymes. Atmospheric hydrogen and carbon monoxide oxidation have been primarily linked to microbial growth in desert surface soils scarce in liquid water and organic nutrients, and low in photosynthetic communities. It is well established that the oxidation of trace hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases widely supports the persistence of microbial communities in a diminished metabolic state, with the former potentially providing a reliable source of metabolic water. Microbial atmospheric methane oxidation also occurs in oligotrophic desert soils and is widespread throughout copiotrophic environments, with established links to microbial growth. Despite these findings, the direct link between trace gas oxidation and carbon fixation remains disputable. Here, we review the supporting evidence, outlining major gaps in our understanding of this phenomenon, and propose approaches to validate atmospheric chemosynthesis as a primary production process. We also explore the implications of this minimalistic survival strategy in terms of nutrient cycling, climate change, aerobiology, and astrobiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0004823"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71424891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Negative and ambisense RNA virus ribonucleocapsids: more than protective armor. 阴性和双向核糖核酸病毒核糖核酸：不仅仅是保护性的盔甲。
IF 8 1区 生物学
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Epub Date: 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00082-23
Kimberly R Sabsay, Aartjan J W Te Velthuis
{"title":"Negative and ambisense RNA virus ribonucleocapsids: more than protective armor.","authors":"Kimberly R Sabsay, Aartjan J W Te Velthuis","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00082-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00082-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYNegative and ambisense RNA viruses are the causative agents of important human diseases such as influenza, measles, Lassa fever, and Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The viral genome of these RNA viruses consists of one or more single-stranded RNA molecules that are encapsidated by viral nucleocapsid proteins to form a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). This RNP acts as protection, as a scaffold for RNA folding, and as the context for viral replication and transcription by a viral RNA polymerase. However, the roles of the viral nucleoproteins extend beyond these functions during the viral infection cycle. Recent advances in structural biology techniques and analysis methods have provided new insights into the formation, function, dynamics, and evolution of negative sense virus nucleocapsid proteins, as well as the role that they play in host innate immune responses against viral infection. In this review, we discuss the various roles of nucleocapsid proteins, both in the context of RNPs and in RNA-free states, as well as the open questions that remain.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0008223"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41150881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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