Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews最新文献_第7页

Reconsidering the blood-brain barrier: histopathology and microanatomy of cryptococcal CNS infection. 重新考虑血脑屏障：隐球菌性中枢神经系统感染的组织病理学和显微解剖学。

IF 11.8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-12-18 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00078-25

Tania C Sorrell, J Muse Davis

{"title":"Reconsidering the blood-brain barrier: histopathology and microanatomy of cryptococcal CNS infection.","authors":"Tania C Sorrell, J Muse Davis","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00078-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00078-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYMeningoencephalitis is the most severe form of cryptococcal infection. Pathogenic cryptococcal species enter the body primarily via the respiratory system. The central nervous system (CNS) is by far the most common site of cryptococcal dissemination, despite its reputation as a privileged anatomical space. Results from both in vitro and in vivo experiments have suggested multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms for entering the CNS, but no single one has been proven responsible for this remarkable neurotropism. While experimental approaches to the problem have centered around a uniform conception of the blood-brain barrier, a review of the histopathological forms of CNS disease shows marked variety in the locations and forms of lesions and their relevant anatomical barriers. Based on the microanatomy, it is likely that the pathway from blood into the CNS differs from lesion type to lesion type. In considering the genesis of cryptococcal CNS infection, we will first summarize cryptococcal virulence determinants of relevance to CNS infection and the conceptualization of the blood-brain barrier, its history, and functions. Next, we will summarize modes of cryptococcal entry through the blood-brain barrier and the interplay between fungal virulence determinants and host factors. We will outline the common histological findings of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and examine the relevant vascular structures, discussing their implications for mechanisms of dissemination in the context of the vasculature, the host cellular and metabolic environment, and cryptococcal virulence factors in different parts of the CNS. Finally, we will discuss the value of different animal and in vitro models of cryptococcal infection and the endothelial glycocalyx, a ubiquitous feature of endothelial surfaces seldom considered in microbial pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0007825"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12713377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatially structured models of viral dynamics: a scoping review. 病毒动力学的空间结构模型：范围综述。

IF 11.8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-12-18 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00283-24

Thomas Williams, James M McCaw, James M Osborne

{"title":"Spatially structured models of viral dynamics: a scoping review.","authors":"Thomas Williams, James M McCaw, James M Osborne","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00283-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00283-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThere is growing recognition in both the experimental and modeling literature of the importance of spatial structure to the dynamics of viral infections within the host. Aided by the evolution of computing power and motivated by recent biological insights, there has been an explosion of new, spatially explicit models for within-host viral dynamics in recent years. This development has only been accelerated in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Spatially structured models offer improved biological realism and can account for dynamics that cannot be well-described by conventional, mean-field approaches. However, despite their growing popularity, spatially structured models of viral dynamics are underused in biological applications. One major obstacle to the wider application of such models is the huge variety in approaches taken, with little consensus as to which features should be included and how they should be implemented for a given biological context. Previous reviews of the field have focused on specific modeling frameworks or on models for particular viral species. Here, we instead apply a scoping review approach to the literature of spatially structured viral dynamics models as a whole to provide an exhaustive update of the state of the field. Our analysis is structured along two axes, methodology and viral species, in order to examine the breadth of techniques used and the requirements of different biological applications. We then discuss the contributions of mathematical and computational modeling to our understanding of key spatially structured aspects of viral dynamics and suggest key themes for future model development to improve robustness and biological utility.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0028324"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12713400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV reservoirs in lymphomagenesis: hidden driver in the era of viral suppression? 淋巴瘤发生中的HIV蓄水池：病毒抑制时代的隐藏驱动力？

IF 11.8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-12-18 Epub Date: 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00104-25

Yaoguang Li, Qing Xiao, Fengting Yu, Fujie Zhang

{"title":"HIV reservoirs in lymphomagenesis: hidden driver in the era of viral suppression?","authors":"Yaoguang Li, Qing Xiao, Fengting Yu, Fujie Zhang","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00104-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00104-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYDespite advancements in antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV (PLWH) remain at high risk of lymphoma. The persistence of HIV reservoirs and their spatial association with lymphoma highlights the need to clarify their role in lymphomagenesis. HIV reservoirs, which are established early during infection and maintained through clonal expansion, epigenetic silencing, and immune evasion, may contribute to lymphomagenesis through four interconnected mechanisms: provirus integration effects, viral protein-mediated disturbances, microenvironment dysregulation, and reservoir reactivation. Current therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target HIV reservoirs and lymphoma-including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors-show promise but face substantial challenges. There is an urgent need to develop accessible strategies that can both eradicate HIV reservoirs and mitigate lymphoma risk. Such efforts may ultimately enable a \"double cure\" for PLWH with lymphoma, offering new hope against this life-threatening comorbidity. This review summarizes the potential links between HIV reservoirs and HIV-associated lymphoma and outlines emerging therapeutic avenues toward achieving a double cure.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0010425"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12713376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145239007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gene regulation in Bacteroides fragilis: adaptive control in a dynamic host environment. 脆弱拟杆菌的基因调控：动态宿主环境下的适应性调控。

IF 11.8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-12-18 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00225-25

Daniel Ryan

{"title":"Gene regulation in Bacteroides fragilis: adaptive control in a dynamic host environment.","authors":"Daniel Ryan","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00225-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00225-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYBacteroides fragilis occupies a dynamic position within the human gut. Though it comprises a relatively minor fraction of the gut microbiota, it is disproportionately enriched at extraintestinal sites of infection. This ability to survive in contrasting host environments pivots on a regulatory framework that is both modular and highly plastic. Rather than deploying a suite of hierarchical global regulators, B. fragilis employs numerous operon-embedded transcriptional switches, including site-specific DNA inversions, phase-variable epigenetic systems, extracytoplasmic function sigma/anti-sigma factor pairs, and hybrid two-component systems. These networks are further complemented by cis-regulatory elongation checkpoints and post-transcriptional control by small RNAs. This review explores the full spectrum of these regulatory mechanisms, highlighting how they facilitate niche adaptation, surface variation, immune evasion, and metabolic prioritization. It also explores intraspecies variation focusing on glycan metabolism, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. Additionally, it outlines recombination-driven regulation, alongside extracytoplasmic function sigma factor diversification, flexible promoter architecture, and elongation checkpoints, each contributing to the evolution of transcriptional control in B. fragilis. Finally, it outlines unanswered questions, including the largely unexplored sRNA regulon, the coordination of DNA inversions, elongation control, and phase-variable methylation, and proposes experimental strategies to investigate the integration of these regulatory systems during environmental transitions. Taken together, B. fragilis emerges as a model bacterium for studying decentralized gene regulation in complex microbial ecosystems, with implications for both microbial ecology and therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0022525"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12713378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The future of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 微生物学与分子生物学展望。

IF 7.8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-12-18 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00299-25

Corrella S Detweiler

引用次数: 0

Microbial plastic degradation: enzymes, pathways, challenges, and perspectives. 微生物塑料降解：酶，途径，挑战和观点。

IF 11.8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-12-18 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00087-24

Pablo Pérez-García, Katharina Sass, Sasipa Wongwattanarat, Johannes Amann, Golo Feuerriegel, Tabea Neumann, Nico Bäse, Laura S Schmitz, Robert F Dierkes, Marno F Gurschke, Alan Wypych, Hadjira Bounabi, Marcella de Divitiis, Christel Vollstedt, Wolfgang R Streit

{"title":"Microbial plastic degradation: enzymes, pathways, challenges, and perspectives.","authors":"Pablo Pérez-García, Katharina Sass, Sasipa Wongwattanarat, Johannes Amann, Golo Feuerriegel, Tabea Neumann, Nico Bäse, Laura S Schmitz, Robert F Dierkes, Marno F Gurschke, Alan Wypych, Hadjira Bounabi, Marcella de Divitiis, Christel Vollstedt, Wolfgang R Streit","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00087-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00087-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYSynthetic polymers have transformed modern life, giving rise to a wide spectrum of versatile materials commonly known as plastics. They are essential to industries including packaging, medical devices, automotive, textiles, and many consumer goods. However, significant environmental challenges have emerged because of the same properties that make plastics so useful. Of the estimated 400-450 million tons (Mt) of plastics produced each year, nearly 80 percent end up in the environment. Many of these plastics will persist in nature for hundreds or even thousands of years because they are mostly not biodegradable or poorly biodegradable. The identification of polymer-active microorganisms and enzymes that target most fossil fuel-based plastics is one of the greatest challenges microbiologists are facing today. Currently, more than 255 functionally verified plastic-active enzymes from more than 11 microbial phyla are known. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the microbial pathways and enzymes involved in the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA) oligomers, ester-based polyurethane (PUR), and polycarbonates (PC), as well as some of the most widely used bioplastics. We also highlight the challenges microbiologists face in identifying microorganisms acting on highly persistent commodity polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ether-based PUR, PA, polystyrene (PS), epoxy resins, and synthetic rubber (SR), for which no truly efficient degraders are currently known. We highlight methods used to discover novel microorganisms and enzymes involved in biodegradation and measure and quantify their activities. Finally, we will review the biotechnological applications of microbial-driven plastics recycling.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0008724"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12713388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Siphamia-Photobacterium symbiosis: a binary vertebrate model for host-microbe interactions. 蝇光菌共生：宿主-微生物相互作用的二元脊椎动物模型。

IF 11.8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-12-18 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00132-25

Hannah K Osland, Alison L Gould

{"title":"The Siphamia-Photobacterium symbiosis: a binary vertebrate model for host-microbe interactions.","authors":"Hannah K Osland, Alison L Gould","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00132-25","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00132-25","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYAs microbial communities are increasingly recognized as central to animal development and health, simplified animal models have become valuable tools for exploring the complex dynamics of these interactions. The mutualism between siphonfish (Siphamia spp.) and the bioluminescent bacterium Photobacterium mandapamensis offers a naturally occurring, binary, gut-associated symbiosis within a vertebrate host that is a promising system for investigating host-microbe interactions. Over the past decade, the application of genomic, ecological, and microbiological approaches has revealed high levels of strain-level variation within this highly specific and stable symbiosis, highlighting its value for exploring host control and microbial diversity in vertebrate systems. These discoveries demonstrate the potential of the Siphamia-P. mandapamensis system as a powerful model for investigating how vertebrate hosts regulate and maintain long-term bacterial associations, particularly within gut-associated partnerships, as well as the eco-evolutionary processes that shape these relationships. This review aims to consolidate recent findings, evaluate their broader implications for vertebrate-microbe interactions, and propose future directions for research using this association as a model system.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0013225"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12713410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Y-box binding proteins in immunity and RNA virus infection. 免疫与RNA病毒感染中的Y-box结合蛋白。

IF 11.8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-12-18 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00191-24

Tania Strilets, Mariano A Garcia-Blanco

引用次数: 0

New chemicals fuel the evolution of microbial biodegradation. 新的化学物质推动了微生物生物降解的进化。

IF 7.8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-12-18 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00207-24

Lawrence P Wackett

{"title":"New chemicals fuel the evolution of microbial biodegradation.","authors":"Lawrence P Wackett","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00207-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00207-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYMost known chemicals originate from humans, thousands enter industrial usage annually, and new chemicals pose a continuous challenge to microbial evolution. The evolution of microbes to biodegrade new chemicals is crucial in protecting human and ecosystem health. New chemical biodegradation requires the evolution of new enzymes and metabolic pathways to meet the challenge. The rate of this process is determined by the structures of the new chemicals and preexisting enzymes, and the available metabolic pathways of the host microbe. Existing metabolism evolved over billions of years in response to naturally occurring chemicals. Natural petroleum is one example. Its diverse chemical structures have provided a training ground for microbial evolution. Similarly, studies on the biodegradation of petroleum have elucidated mechanisms that microbes have recruited to degrade industrial chemicals. Such studies have also led to the concepts of co-oxidation, co-metabolism, and enzyme promiscuity, which underlie new enzyme evolution. The focus of the present review is on evolutionary adaptations leading to the microbial biodegradation of non-polymeric industrial organic molecules. The greatest challenges to microbes and evolution are chemicals synthesized to resist biodegradation. A major current example is for per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances, often known as PFAS. Most recently, directed evolution and artificial intelligence are being applied to the problems posed by highly resistant chemicals.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0020724"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12713395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145452352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbial phenazines: biosynthesis, structural diversity, evolution, regulation, and biological significance. 微生物非那嗪：生物合成、结构多样性、进化、调控和生物学意义。

IF 11.8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-12-18 Epub Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00147-23

Dmitri V Mavrodi, Wulf Blankenfeldt, Olga V Mavrodi, David M Weller, Linda S Thomashow

{"title":"Microbial phenazines: biosynthesis, structural diversity, evolution, regulation, and biological significance.","authors":"Dmitri V Mavrodi, Wulf Blankenfeldt, Olga V Mavrodi, David M Weller, Linda S Thomashow","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00147-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00147-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYPhenazines are small, redox-active secondary metabolites produced by various bacterial species. These compounds participate in electron-transfer reactions, aiding microbes in surviving stressful or oxygen-limited environments. In this review, we examine the extensive structural diversity of phenazines and trace the evolutionary history of their biosynthetic pathways, which often move between distantly related species through horizontal gene transfer. We also explore how environmental factors such as nutrient levels and cell-to-cell signaling regulate phenazine production. Beyond their roles in microbial physiology, phenazines influence interactions among organisms, acting as antimicrobial agents, signaling molecules, and factors that shape microbiome dynamics in soils, plant roots, and other habitats. A better understanding of phenazine biology reveals how microbes adapt and thrive in diverse environments and emphasizes the potential applications of these compounds in agriculture and human health.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0014723"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12713384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0