{"title":"Lipoic acid attachment to proteins: stimulating new developments","authors":"John E. Cronan","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00005-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00005-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYLipoic acid-modified proteins are essential for central metabolism and pathogenesis.\u0000In recent years, the Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis lipoyl assembly pathways have been modified and extended to archaea and diverse eukaryotes\u0000including ...","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ousmane H. CisséLiang MaJoseph A. Kovacs1Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, Joseph Heitman
{"title":"Retracing the evolution of Pneumocystis species, with a focus on the human pathogen Pneumocystis jirovecii","authors":"Ousmane H. CisséLiang MaJoseph A. Kovacs1Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, Joseph Heitman","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00202-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00202-22","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140587950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Ewald, Azadeh Nasuhidehnavi, Tzu-Yu Feng, Mahbobeh Lesani, Laura-Isobel McCall
{"title":"The intersection of host <i>in vivo</i> metabolism and immune responses to infection with kinetoplastid and apicomplexan parasites.","authors":"Sarah Ewald, Azadeh Nasuhidehnavi, Tzu-Yu Feng, Mahbobeh Lesani, Laura-Isobel McCall","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00164-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00164-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYProtozoan parasite infection dramatically alters host metabolism, driven by immunological demand and parasite manipulation strategies. Immunometabolic checkpoints are often exploited by kinetoplastid and protozoan parasites to establish chronic infection, which can significantly impair host metabolic homeostasis. The recent growth of tools to analyze metabolism is expanding our understanding of these questions. Here, we review and contrast host metabolic alterations that occur <i>in vivo</i> during infection with <i>Leishmania</i>, trypanosomes, <i>Toxoplasma</i>, <i>Plasmodium,</i> and <i>Cryptosporidium</i>. Although genetically divergent, there are commonalities among these pathogens in terms of metabolic needs, induction of the type I immune responses required for clearance, and the potential for sustained host metabolic dysbiosis. Comparing these pathogens provides an opportunity to explore how transmission strategy, nutritional demand, and host cell and tissue tropism drive similarities and unique aspects in host response and infection outcome and to design new strategies to treat disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0016422"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geoffrey Michael Gadd, Marina Fomina, Flavia Pinzari
{"title":"Fungal biodeterioration and preservation of cultural heritage, artwork, and historical artifacts: extremophily and adaptation.","authors":"Geoffrey Michael Gadd, Marina Fomina, Flavia Pinzari","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00200-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00200-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYFungi are ubiquitous and important biosphere inhabitants, and their abilities to decompose, degrade, and otherwise transform a massive range of organic and inorganic substances, including plant organic matter, rocks, and minerals, underpin their major significance as biodeteriogens in the built environment and of cultural heritage. Fungi are often the most obvious agents of cultural heritage biodeterioration with effects ranging from discoloration, staining, and biofouling to destruction of building components, historical artifacts, and artwork. Sporulation, morphological adaptations, and the explorative penetrative lifestyle of filamentous fungi enable efficient dispersal and colonization of solid substrates, while many species are able to withstand environmental stress factors such as desiccation, ultra-violet radiation, salinity, and potentially toxic organic and inorganic substances. Many can grow under nutrient-limited conditions, and many produce resistant cell forms that can survive through long periods of adverse conditions. The fungal lifestyle and chemoorganotrophic metabolism therefore enable adaptation and success in the frequently encountered extremophilic conditions that are associated with indoor and outdoor cultural heritage. Apart from free-living fungi, lichens are a fungal growth form and ubiquitous pioneer colonizers and biodeteriogens of outdoor materials, especially stone- and mineral-based building components. This article surveys the roles and significance of fungi in the biodeterioration of cultural heritage, with reference to the mechanisms involved and in relation to the range of substances encountered, as well as the methods by which fungal biodeterioration can be assessed and combated, and how certain fungal processes may be utilized in bioprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0020022"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139098202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcia Shu-Wei Su, Yi-Lin Cheng, Yee-Shin Lin, Jiunn-Jong Wu
{"title":"Interplay between group A <i>Streptococcus</i> and host innate immune responses.","authors":"Marcia Shu-Wei Su, Yi-Lin Cheng, Yee-Shin Lin, Jiunn-Jong Wu","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00052-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00052-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYGroup A <i>Streptococcus</i> (GAS), also known as <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>, is a clinically well-adapted human pathogen that harbors rich virulence determinants contributing to a broad spectrum of diseases. GAS is capable of invading epithelial, endothelial, and professional phagocytic cells while evading host innate immune responses, including phagocytosis, selective autophagy, light chain 3-associated phagocytosis, and inflammation. However, without a more complete understanding of the different ways invasive GAS infections develop, it is difficult to appreciate how GAS survives and multiplies in host cells that have interactive immune networks. This review article attempts to provide an overview of the behaviors and mechanisms that allow pathogenic GAS to invade cells, along with the strategies that host cells practice to constrain GAS infection. We highlight the counteractions taken by GAS to apply virulence factors such as streptolysin O, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotidase, and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B as a hindrance to host innate immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0005222"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140049852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RpoS and the bacterial general stress response.","authors":"Sophie Bouillet, Taran S Bauer, Susan Gottesman","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00151-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00151-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYThe general stress response (GSR) is a widespread strategy developed by bacteria to adapt and respond to their changing environments. The GSR is induced by one or multiple simultaneous stresses, as well as during entry into stationary phase and leads to a global response that protects cells against multiple stresses. The alternative sigma factor RpoS is the central GSR regulator in <i>E. coli</i> and conserved in most γ-proteobacteria. In <i>E. coli</i>, RpoS is induced under conditions of nutrient deprivation and other stresses, primarily via the activation of RpoS translation and inhibition of RpoS proteolysis. This review includes recent advances in our understanding of how stresses lead to RpoS induction and a summary of the recent studies attempting to define RpoS-dependent genes and pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0015122"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139972628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cathy Lordan, Aoife K Roche, Dianne Delsing, Arjen Nauta, Andre Groeneveld, John MacSharry, Paul D Cotter, Douwe van Sinderen
{"title":"Linking human milk oligosaccharide metabolism and early life gut microbiota: bifidobacteria and beyond.","authors":"Cathy Lordan, Aoife K Roche, Dianne Delsing, Arjen Nauta, Andre Groeneveld, John MacSharry, Paul D Cotter, Douwe van Sinderen","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00094-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00094-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex, multi-functional glycans present in human breast milk. They represent an intricate mix of heterogeneous structures which reach the infant intestine in an intact form as they resist gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, they confer a multitude of benefits, directly and/or indirectly, to the developing neonate. Certain bifidobacterial species, being among the earliest gut colonizers of breast-fed infants, have an adapted functional capacity to metabolize various HMO structures. This ability is typically observed in infant-associated bifidobacteria, as opposed to bifidobacteria associated with a mature microbiota. In recent years, information has been gleaned regarding how these infant-associated bifidobacteria as well as certain other taxa are able to assimilate HMOs, including the mechanistic strategies enabling their acquisition and consumption. Additionally, complex metabolic interactions occur between microbes facilitated by HMOs, including the utilization of breakdown products released from HMO degradation. Interest in HMO-mediated changes in microbial composition and function has been the focal point of numerous studies, in recent times fueled by the availability of individual biosynthetic HMOs, some of which are now commonly included in infant formula. In this review, we outline the main HMO assimilatory and catabolic strategies employed by infant-associated bifidobacteria, discuss other taxa that exhibit breast milk glycan degradation capacity, and cover HMO-supported cross-feeding interactions and related metabolites that have been described thus far.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0009423"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139417391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the gut microbiota by considering human evolution: a story of fire, cereals, cooking, molecular ingenuity, and functional cooperation.","authors":"Gerald W Tannock","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00127-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00127-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYThe microbial community inhabiting the human colon, referred to as the gut microbiota, is mostly composed of bacterial species that, through extensive metabolic networking, degrade and ferment components of food and human secretions. The taxonomic composition of the microbiota has been extensively investigated in metagenomic studies that have also revealed details of molecular processes by which common components of the human diet are metabolized by specific members of the microbiota. Most studies of the gut microbiota aim to detect deviations in microbiota composition in patients relative to controls in the hope of showing that some diseases and conditions are due to or exacerbated by alterations to the gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to consider the gut microbiota in relation to the evolution of <i>Homo sapiens</i> which was heavily influenced by the consumption of a nutrient-dense non-arboreal diet, limited gut storage capacity, and acquisition of skills relating to mastering fire, cooking, and cultivation of cereal crops. The review delves into the past to gain an appreciation of what is important in the present. A holistic view of \"healthy\" microbiota function is proposed based on the evolutionary pathway shared by humans and gut microbes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0012722"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan M Martínez-Andrade, Robert W Roberson, Meritxell Riquelme
{"title":"A bird's-eye view of the endoplasmic reticulum in filamentous fungi.","authors":"Juan M Martínez-Andrade, Robert W Roberson, Meritxell Riquelme","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00027-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00027-23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most extensive organelles in eukaryotic cells. It performs crucial roles in protein and lipid synthesis and Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis. Most information on ER types, functions, organization, and domains comes from studies in uninucleate animal, plant, and yeast cells. In contrast, there is limited information on the multinucleate cells of filamentous fungi, i.e., hyphae. We provide an analytical review of existing literature to categorize different types of ER described in filamentous fungi while emphasizing the research techniques and markers used. Additionally, we identify the knowledge gaps that need to be resolved better to understand the structure-function correlation of ER in filamentous fungi. Finally, advanced technologies that can provide breakthroughs in understanding the ER in filamentous fungi are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0002723"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Lax, Francisco E Nicolás, Eusebio Navarro, Victoriano Garre
{"title":"Molecular mechanisms that govern infection and antifungal resistance in Mucorales.","authors":"Carlos Lax, Francisco E Nicolás, Eusebio Navarro, Victoriano Garre","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00188-22","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00188-22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SUMMARYThe World Health Organization has established a fungal priority pathogens list that includes species critical or highly important to human health. Among them is the order Mucorales, a fungal group comprising at least 39 species responsible for the life-threatening infection known as mucormycosis. Despite the continuous rise in cases and the poor prognosis due to innate resistance to most antifungal drugs used in the clinic, Mucorales has received limited attention, partly because of the difficulties in performing genetic manipulations. The COVID-19 pandemic has further escalated cases, with some patients experiencing the COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, highlighting the urgent need to increase knowledge about these fungi. This review addresses significant challenges in treating the disease, including delayed and poor diagnosis, the lack of accurate global incidence estimation, and the limited treatment options. Furthermore, it focuses on the most recent discoveries regarding the mechanisms and genes involved in the development of the disease, antifungal resistance, and the host defense response. Substantial advancements have been made in identifying key fungal genes responsible for invasion and tissue damage, host receptors exploited by the fungus to invade tissues, and mechanisms of antifungal resistance. This knowledge is expected to pave the way for the development of new antifungals to combat mucormycosis. In addition, we anticipate significant progress in characterizing Mucorales biology, particularly the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis and antifungal resistance, with the possibilities offered by CRISPR-Cas9 technology for genetic manipulation of the previously intractable Mucorales species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0018822"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10966947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}