Mikrobiyoloji bulteni最新文献

{"title":"[A Case of Dengue Fever Presenting with Fever and Atypical Skin Rash and A Literature Review].","authors":"Emine Çelik Tellioğlu, Aziz Ahmad Hamidi, Furkan Karagöz, Ercan Yenilmez","doi":"10.5578/mb.202502146","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202502146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Dengue virus (DENV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus that causes Dengue fever. While it is\u0000frequently seen in tropical and subtropical regions such as the Americas, Southeast Asia, Africa, the Eastern\u0000Mediterranean and Western Pacific countries, it has been observed to spread to wider geographical areas\u0000in recent years. Dengue fever is currently the most widespread mosquito-borne infection worldwide. In\u0000our country, the reported cases are imported cases with a history of travel to these regions. However,\u0000factors such as the presence of Aedes mosquitoes in our geography, global climate change and increasing\u0000international travel suggest that these mosquitoes could become infected with the virus and potentially\u0000cause outbreaks in the future. Following mosquito exposure, the incubation period is typically three\u0000to seven days, and the disease usually presents with fever and rash. It has a broad clinical spectrum\u0000ranging from asymptomatic infection to hemorrhagic syndromes, shock, and even death. Diagnostic\u0000methods include nucleic acid detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), detection of\u0000non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen, and serological testing for IgM and IgG antibodies. This report\u0000presents a case of imported dengue fever that developed after the patient returned to our country from\u0000Costa Rica. A 39-year-old female patient presented to our outpatient clinic with complaints of fever,\u0000myalgia, fatigue, and rash on the legs, which began two days after her return to the country. Additional\u0000symptoms included sore throat, dry cough, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. Physical examination revealed\u0000fever and prominent maculopapular rash on the feet. She was admitted to our inpatient unit for close\u0000clinical monitoring and supportive care. Her laboratory tests showed leukopenia (3500/μL), lymphopenia\u0000(700/μL), and an elevated C-reactive protein (14 mg/L). The DENV-PCR test conducted by the National\u0000Arbovirus and Viral Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory of the General Directorate of Public Health was found\u0000to be positive. Dengue IgG and IgM antibodies tested by the immunofluorescent antibody method\u0000were also positive. The patient was hospitalized for the first five days and subsequently followed up\u0000on an outpatient basis. During the follow-up, complete recovery of clinical symptoms and laboratory\u0000findings was observed. This case report and literature review emphasized the importance of travel-related\u0000infections and the consideration of Dengue fever in the differential diagnosis of these infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 2","pages":"250-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Approach to Hepatitis C Microelimination through Re-Engagement of Missing Patients Registered in Hospital Information Management System].","authors":"Elif Doyuk Kartal, Özlem Bayrak, Gonca Demirbüken","doi":"10.5578/mb.202502138","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202502138","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With the availability of effective treatments today, HCV elimination has become possible. The study\u0000aimed to raise awareness about increasing micro-elimination strategies towards achieving global elimination by communicating with existing anti-HCV positive cases through the Hospital Information Management System (HIMS) used in health institutions and to complete the diagnosis and treatment process\u0000of the cases. Patients over 18 identified as anti-HCV positive in our hospital’s HIMS system between\u0000January 2013 and January 2022 were included in the study. The study was conducted retrospectively\u0000and prospectively. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine whether HCV RNA testing\u0000had been performed, whether treatment had been administered and which departments had ordered\u0000the tests. Patients without HCV RNA test results or treatment records were contacted and informed by\u0000a competent physician via phone. These patients were invited to the hospital to complete the diagnosis\u0000and treatment process. Those meeting treatment criteria among the patients who presented to the\u0000hospital were treated with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. The anti-HCV seropositivity rate was detected in 1658 patients (1.38%). Among the anti-HCV seropositive cases, 1282 (77.3%) had undergone\u0000HCV RNA testing, while 376 (22.7%) had not. Patients without HCV RNA testing were determined to\u0000be older (mean age 64 vs. 53 years, p&lt; 0.001). A significant proportion of cases without HCV RNA test\u0000requests belonged to the unrelated medical specialties (74.5% vs. 25.5%, p&lt; 0.001). Among the cases\u0000that underwent HCV RNA testing, positive results were found in 741 patients (58%). It was determined\u0000that 494 patients (66.2%) had a treatment record in our hospital. Of those treated, 66 patients (13%)\u0000received pegylated interferon-based therapy, while 428 (86.6%) received DAA therapy. Telephone contact was established with 150 cases (39.9%) who did not have HCV RNA testing and it was understood\u0000that 37 cases (24.7%) were unaware of their status. It was determined that a total of 59 (39.3%) cases\u0000visited our outpatient clinic.Fourteen of the patients (23.7%) were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C\u0000and were offered treatment. Two patients declined treatment, while 12 were treated with DAA drugs,\u0000achieving a cure in all cases. Some of the anti-HCV positive individuals included in the HIMS of healthcare\u0000providers remain in the system as “missing patients” before the diagnosis and treatment processes are\u0000completed. As soon as these patients are identified, especially in requests made by non-hepatitis-related\u0000specialties and in individuals over the age of 60, reflex test protocols and HCV RNA analyses should be\u0000performed and alert systems should be established to direct these patients to the relevant specialties.\u0000Re-establishing contact with missing patients and completing the diagnosis and treatment processes is\u0000of great importance for both individual health gain and public health.","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 2","pages":"191-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Enzyme in SARS-CoV-2 Infection According to Disease Severity].","authors":"Mert Karaca, Gözde Arslan, Diğdem Yöyen Ermiş, Salih Haldun Bal, Esra Kunt Uzaslan, Fahir Özkalemkaş, Aslı Ceren Macunluoğlu, Ferah Budak, Emel Yilmaz, Arzu Yilmaztepe Oral, Halis Akalin, Haluk Barbaros Oral","doi":"10.5578/mb.2025131","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.2025131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The kynurenine pathway interacts with almost all immune responses through metabolites and\u0000enzymes in the pathway. The rate-limiting enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), serves as a\u0000pivotal oxidoreductase in the initial step of the pathway, catalyzing the conversion of tryptophan to\u0000kynurenine and is implicated in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases. The aim of this study\u0000was to investigate the serum concentrations of IDO-1, cytokine concentrations related to Th1-2-\u000017 and hematological parameters of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients considering the\u0000severity of the disease (mild, moderate, severe). The IDO-1 serum levels were measured using the ELISA\u0000method for 130 patients and 91 healthy controls and subsequently compared.Two single nucleotide\u0000polymorphism (SNP) regions associated with inflammation in the IDO gene locus were screened. SNP\u0000analyses were performed using melting curve analysis. The IDO-1 intronic variant rs7820268 and the\u0000IDO-2 inactivating region rs4503083 SNPs of 40 coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients were\u0000compared to 52 healthy controls. All results were statistically analyzed and compared. The IDO-1 serum\u0000concentrations were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the healthy control group\u0000(p< 0.0001). Additionally, the IDO-1 serum levels in the severe patient group were lower than those in\u0000the mild patient group (p= 0.026). IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α serum levels were significantly higher whereas\u0000IFN-γ was lower in the patient group. A negative correlation was found between IDO-1 and IL-6 levels\u0000(r= -0.3503, p= 0.0391). Significant differences were found in the values of lymphocytes, monocytes,\u0000neutrophils and acute phase reactants in the patient groups classified according to disease severity.\u0000As a result of SNP genotype analysis, the CC genotype for the rs7820268 IDO-1 region was found to\u0000be significantly higher in the COVID-19 patient group when compared with those of healthy controls\u0000(p= 0.0017). These data suggest that polymorphism in the IDO-1 rs7820268 SNP region may be\u0000associated with susceptibility to COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 2","pages":"174-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The Investigation of Blastocystis Frequency and Subtypes in Routine Laboratory Faecal Samples].","authors":"Yeliz Çetinkol, Savaş Aslan, Betül Fatmanur Yildirim, Hatice Ertabaklar, Erdoğan Malatyali","doi":"10.5578/mb.202502150","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202502150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blastocystis is a zoonotic protist that colonizes the human colon and has been widely studied in recent\u0000years, with particular focus on its genetic diversity and pathogenicity. Molecular epidemiology studies in\u0000different regions provide an opportunity to investigate the distribution of Blastocystis in society and its\u0000associated factors. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Blastocystis, subtype (ST) distribution\u0000and clinical findings in stool samples obtained from a routine laboratory. In the study, stool samples sent\u0000to Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Laboratory for routine\u0000parasitology examination were evaluated. The presence of Blastocystis was investigated initially with direct\u0000microscopy (DM) of 252 faecal samples collected in two months. Genomic DNA was isolated from all\u0000stool samples and Blastocystis positivity was determined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). STs were\u0000determined through databases and phylogenetic analysis based on the partial sequences of Blastocystis\u0000small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene. In addition, the presence of possible mixed\u0000STs was further studied using ST-specific primers. The age, gender, location, clinical findings, enteric\u0000adenovirus and rotavirus positivity of the cases were statistically evaluated. Blastocystis forms were detected\u0000in 11 (4.3%) of the 252 faecal samples with DM method and 16 samples (6.3%) were positive with PCR.\u0000After sequence analysis, ST distribution was detected as follows: ST3 (nine isolates, 56.2%), ST2 (four\u0000isolates, 25%) and ST1 (three isolates, 18.8%). Mixed STs were not found in any of the samples. There\u0000was no statistically significant difference between women (5.8%) and men (6.8%) in terms of Blastocystis\u0000positivity (p> 0.05). However, the average age of Blastocystis positive cases was statistically higher than\u0000that of negative cases (p< 0.05). Enteric adenovirus and rotavirus positivity were examined using an\u0000immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test in 172 cases. All of them were negative for adenovirus\u0000and 19 (11%) were positive for rotavirus. When clinical findings were evaluated with Blastocystis positivity,\u0000no significant difference was detected. In our study, the ST distribution of Blastocystis appeared to be\u0000compatible with those reported from other regions. When the clinical findings were evaluated, the idea\u0000of asymptomatic colonization of Blastocystis was also supported by this study.The combined use of more\u0000than one method in Blastocystis diagnosis increases the chance of detecting positive samples. It is highly\u0000believed that comprehensive studies about the coexistence of Blastocystis and viral factors, including the\u0000microbiota, are expected to provide valuable contributions to Blastocystis pathogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 2","pages":"217-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of the Combination of Silver Nanoparticles Hybridized with Essential Oil Components with Antileishmanial Drugs].","authors":"Yener Özel, İbrahim Çavuş, Umut Yilmaz, Ayşegül Dalmizrak, Feyzullah Tokay, Sema Bağdat, Gülhan Vardar Ünlü, Mehmet Ünlü, Ahmet Özbilgin","doi":"10.5578/mb.202502139","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202502139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis is an important tropical disease affecting approximately 12-15 million people in countries\u0000where preventive measures such as hygiene, infrastructure and vector control are insufficient. Despite\u0000intensive research, a fully effective prevention and treatment strategy for leishmaniasis has yet to be\u0000established. Due to the side effects of antiparasitic drugs and their potential to cause severe complications,\u0000there is a need to discover and develop appropriate treatment methods or identify potent antileishmanial\u0000compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity, antileishmanial efficacy and synergistic\u0000potential of hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using volatile oil components namely cinnamaldehyde\u0000(Cin), carvacrol (Car) and thymol (Tim) combined with silver nanoparticles, in conjunction with standard\u0000antileishmanial drugs. Amylose was preferred as the reducing agent during the synthesis of silver (Ag) as\u0000a NP. As a result of the synthesis, three different hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized, namely Cin Ag\u0000(OA-CinAgNP), Car Ag (OA-CarAgNP) and Tim Ag (OA-TimAgNP), which have oxidized amylose at the\u0000core. The synthesized NPs were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, as well as transmission electron\u0000microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The cytotoxicity of the NPs was\u0000determined on L929 fibroblasts and their antileishmanial activity was assessed against the Leishmania\u0000tropica (MHOM/AZ/1974/SAF-K27) strain using the broth microdilution method. The interactions of\u0000NP complexes with the antileishmanial drugs pentostam and miltefosine were determined using the\u0000checkerboard method. Characterization analyses show that the amylose surface was successfully coated\u0000with Ag, Cin, Car and Tim and the resulting hybrid complexes were successfully synthesized. SEM analyses\u0000of the hybrid NP complexes revealed that the Ag ions and essential oil components were deposited on\u0000the surfaces of oxidized amylose at the core of the structure, confirming the successful synthesis of the\u0000NP complexes. The obtained images showed that the morphological shapes of the NPs varied from\u0000round to irregularly edged structures. TEM analysis indicated that the NP sizes were varied from 9.34 to\u000014.45 nm for OA-CinAgNP, 9.88 to 32.3 nm for OA-CarAgNP and 12.01 to 20.01 nm for OA-TimAgNP.\u0000The cytotoxic activities of OA-CinAgNP, OA-CarAgNP and OA-TimAgNP hybrid NP complexes against\u0000fibroblast cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours were observed to be in the ranges of 209.6-169.5 µg/mL, 190.4-\u0000172.3 µg/mL, and 286.4-259.8 µg/mL, respectively. Antileishmanial activities of NPs were observed\u0000to be in the ranges of 66.04-53.87 µg/mL, 54.44-47.01 µg/mL, and 78.14-58.33 µg/mL, respectively. It was found that the NPs exhibited high antileishmanial activity with a selectivity index of > 3. Synergistic\u0000interactions were observed in all successfully synthesized hybrid NP complexes when combined with\u0000pentostam and miltefosine. Investigation of ","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 2","pages":"228-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of Rapid Syndromic Molecular Test in the Diagnosis of Patients with Central Nervous System Infections].","authors":"Ajda Turhan, Gözde Akkuş Kayali, Furkan Polat, Feriha Çilli, Dilek Yeşim Metin, Murat Ersel, Çağrı Uslu, Eylem Ulaş Saz, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Bedriye Karaman, Dilara Aktert Ayar, Seyfi Durmaz, Candan Çiçek","doi":"10.5578/mb.202502145","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202502145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) infections is challenging and time-consuming. The\u0000FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis panel (BioFire Diagnostics®, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America)\u0000(FA-ME) is designed for the rapid detection of 14 microorganisms that are common causative agents of\u0000community-acquired meningitis/encephalitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of\u0000the FA-ME panel by comparing panel test results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of 1588 patients who\u0000admitted to our hospital with a preliminary diagnosis of CNS infection between 01.06.2018-31.08.2022\u0000with conventional microbiological tests, CSF biochemical tests, clinical findings and radiological imaging\u0000results. The results of the FA-ME panel from the 1588 patients tested were assessed together with Gram\u0000staining, culture-antibiogram, cryptococcal antigen tests, other viral multiplex polymerase chain reaction\u0000tests performed for confirmation, CSF biochemical test results, clinical findings, and radiological imaging\u0000results. The results were obtained through the examination of archive and confirmation test records from\u0000our hospital medical microbiology laboratories, as well as electronic patient files. The data were evaluated\u0000using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0. An average positivity rate of approximately 10% was found among\u0000the 1588 samples. The most frequently detected agent was herpes simplex virus type 1. In this study,\u000010 samples (7.8%) were evaluated as false positive and 17 positive samples (13.4%) were found to be\u0000clinically insignificant. When evaluating 1488 negative samples, microorganisms not included in the panel\u0000were identified in 27 cases using conventional methods. Additionally, one Cryptococcus neoformans was\u0000assessed as a false negative. The neurology clinic was the department sending the most samples (728)\u0000with 28 positive samples but this number decreased to 14 when false positive and clinically insignificant\u0000results were excluded. The average time from sample acceptance in the laboratory to diagnosis was found to be 3.2 hours (200 minutes). When the FA-ME panel results obtained from the CSF samples of 1588\u0000patients were evaluated together with traditional test results, the overall positivity rate was determined\u0000approximately as 10% which was consistent with the literature. In the analysis of corrected positive\u0000results, it was found that the positivity rate was significantly higher in male patients (p= 0.008), which\u0000was consistent with the literature. In neurology patients, when considering modified Reller criteria, the\u0000positivity of the FA-ME panel did not indicate a true CNS infection, leading to the conclusion that the test\u0000was unnecessarily applied to exclude infection. By ensuring that the FA-ME test requested only upon the\u0000opinion of an infectious disease specialist, unnecessary use of an expensive test was prevented. It has been\u0000concluded that human herpesvirus-6 positivity detected in the panel should","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 2","pages":"158-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and Biofilm Formation in Sequential Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Pediatric Patients with Cystic Fibrosis].","authors":"Öznur Gürpinar Tosun, Özgen Köseoğlu Eser","doi":"10.5578/mb.20250232","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20250232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that causes chronic infections due to the buildup of thick\u0000mucus in the airways. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common and significant pathogen in CF patients,\u0000contributing to long-term infections and colonization. This study aimed to evaluate and compare\u0000the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and biofilm-forming capacities of sequential P.aeruginosa isolates\u0000recovered from respiratory tract specimens of pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Sequential\u0000chronic P.aeruginosa isolates (n= 80) were obtained from respiratory samples of CF patients who were\u0000prospectively monitored at the Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital CF Unit\u0000between 2021 and 2023. Identification of the bacteria to the species level was performed using MALDITOF MS and confirmed by conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted by\u0000broth microdilution and gradient test methods according to EUCAST recommendations. Antibiotic\u0000resistance genes (blaVIM, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaKPC) were investigated by PCR. Biofilm formation was evaluated\u0000using the crystal violet microtiter plate assay. The most frequently observed systemic manifestations\u0000accompanying CF were exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (n= 58) and bronchiectasis (n= 44). In addition\u0000to P.aeruginosa, co-isolation of other pathogens was detected in 56 patients, including methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus (n= 46), methicillin-resistant S.aureus (n= 31), Acinetobacter spp. (n=\u00002), and nontuberculous mycobacteria (n= 2). The highest antibiotic resistance rate among P.aeruginosa\u0000isolates was observed against ceftazidime (3.75%), while the lowest resistance was detected against\u0000colistin (1.25%). Resistance to tobramycin, meropenem, and levofloxacin was identified at a rate of\u00002.5%, whereas no resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected. The most prevalent antibiotic resistance\u0000gene was blaVIM, detected in 12.5% of the initial isolates and 10% of the subsequent isolates. None of\u0000the isolates harbored blaKPC, blaIMP, or blaNDM genes. Biofilm formation was observed in 77.5% of the\u0000initial isolates and 73.7% of the subsequent isolates. Quantitative analysis revealed biofilm formation\u0000in 59 (73.7%) of the 80 sequential isolates, with 11 (18.6%) classified as strong biofilm producers, 33\u0000(55.9%) as moderate biofilm producers and 15 (25.4%) as weak biofilm producers. In conclusion, our\u0000results indicate that P.aeruginosa isolates exhibited a high biofilm formation capacity in CF patients, while\u0000antibiotic treatment played a limited role in bacterial eradication. The study revealed that sequential\u0000isolates did not demonstrate significant alterations in biofilm production or antibiotic resistance patterns\u0000over time. The persistence of P.aeruginosa isolates with similar antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm\u0000formation capacities in CF patients underscores the necessity of performing anti-biofilm susceptibility\u0000testing and developing novel anti-biofilm th","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 2","pages":"145-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of the In Vitro Synergistic Effect of CeftazidimeAvibactam, Fosfomycin and Meropenem in CarbapenemResistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates].","authors":"Büşra Güneysu Yarar, Mücahide Esra Koçoğlu, Tuncer Özekinci","doi":"10.5578/mb.202502135","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202502135","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is preferred to use antibiotics in combination because of the difficulties encountered in the treatment\u0000of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) isolates. Combination therapies result in a broader antibacterial spectrum, synergistic effects and a reduced risk of resistance during\u0000treatment. This study aimed to determine the resistance rates of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and fosfomycin (FOS) in CRKp strains isolated from various clinical samples, to investigate the molecular patterns of\u0000carbapenem resistance and to explore the synergistic effect of CZA combined with FOS and meropenem\u0000(MEM) in CZA resistant isolates. One hundred carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae isolates from various clinical samples sent to Medical Microbiology Laboratory of İstanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe\u0000Training and Research Hospital between 2019 and 2023 were included in the study. The carbapenem\u0000resistance genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-23/blaOXA-58) of the isolates were\u0000investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The agar dilution method was used to determine\u0000fosfomycin susceptibility and the broth microdilution method was used for MEM and CZA susceptibility.\u0000The checkerboard method was used to study the combinations of CZA with MEM and CZA with FOS\u0000in 15 CRKP isolates resistant to CZA. The in vitro synergistic effect of the combinations was analyzed\u0000based on the calculated fractional inhibitory concentration index (ΣFIC). Forty-nine percent of our strains\u0000were isolated from patients in the intensive care unit. Fifteen percent of the 100 carbapenem-resistant\u0000K.pneumoniae isolates were resistant to CZA and 38% to FOS. According to the resistance patterns, at least\u0000one of the carbapenem resistance genes was detected in 85 isolates. Thirty-nine percent of the isolates\u0000produced blaOXA-48, 10% blaKPC, 2% blaNDM, and 1% blaOXA-51, indicating that 52 isolates carried only\u0000one resistance gene. Thirty three isolates carried more than one resistance gene which were detected as\u0000follows: 17% blaOXA-48+blaKPC, 9% blaOXA-48+blaNDM, 3% blaOXA-48+blaNDM+blaKPC, 2% blaOXA-48+blaOXA-51,\u00001% blaOXA-48+blaOXA-23/58, and 1% blaOXA-48+blaOXA-51+blaKPC. No blaIMP or blaVIM enzymes were detected\u0000in any of the isolates. A partial synergistic effect was found in 100% of the CZA and MEM combinations\u0000by the checkerboard method in the fifteen CZA resistant isolates, while a partial synergistic effect was\u0000found in 33% of the CZA and FOS combinations. The presence of the OXA-48 gene in CRKp isolates\u0000in our hospital, the detection of multiple resistance genes in 33% of the isolates and the production of\u0000metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) in 14% of the isolates highlight the importance of determining resistance\u0000patterns in resistant strains. CZA, which is a frequently preferred antibiotic in the treatment of CRKp\u0000isolates, is not effective against isolates that produce metallo-beta-lactamases. It was concluded that the\u0000c","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 2","pages":"121-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of Chlorhexidine Gluconate Bathing Applied to Cancer Patients on MRSA and VRE Colonization: A Cross-Over Design Study].","authors":"Gül Hatice Tarakçioğlu Çelik, Leyla Dinç, Serhat Ünal, Pınar Zarakolu, Serpil Öcal","doi":"10.5578/mb.20250189","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20250189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence shows that bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) solution reduces the colonization of\u0000microorganisms that cause healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The aim of this study was to evaluate\u0000the effects of CHG bath on MRSA and VRE colonization in cancer patients hospitalized in the intensive\u0000care unit (ICU). This crossover design study compared standard soap + water baths and 2% CHG baths\u0000in cancer patients. Between September 2018 and July 2019, 78 patients were divided into two arms.\u0000Patients in the first arm were washed with soap + water for the first three days, followed by 2% CHG for\u0000three days. Interventions were administered to patients in the second arm in reverse order. During the\u0000control and intervention periods, a washout day was left between bath applications. Swab samples were\u0000taken from the nasal, groin and rectal areas before and after bathing. Samples inoculated on sheep blood\u0000medium were examined after 16-18 hours of incubation. Gram-positive isolates with positive catalase\u0000and coagulase tests were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin resistance was determined by\u0000disk diffusion test using cefoxitin discs on Mueller-Hinton agar and confirmed by real-time PCR (Rt-PCR)\u0000BD MAX MRSA XT test (BD Diagnostics, BD-MAX system, Canada) showing the presence of mecA gene.\u0000Samples inoculated on chromID® VRE selective medium were examined after 24 hours of incubation. The\u0000suspicious colonies were identified as Enterococcus faecium by API-ID Strep. Vancomycin resistance was\u0000confirmed by Rt-PCR VIASURE test (BD Diagnostics, BD-MAX system, Amsterdam) for the presence of\u0000vanA and vanB genes. MRSA colonization was detected in six patients and VRE colonization was detected\u0000in nine patients. After starting the CHG bath, nasal MRSA colonization decreased in the first arm. When\u0000the arms were compared, MRSA colonization in nasal samples and VRE colonization in rectal samples were\u0000found to be higher in the first arm than in the second arm. Bathing practices in the ICUs are essential\u0000in preventing HAIs, which is one of the patient safety problems. The results of this study show that daily\u0000bathing with 2% CHG reduces nasal MRSA and rectal VRE colonization in cancer patients in the ICU.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 1","pages":"15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of Virulence Genes in Campylobacter Species Isolated from Patients with Acute Diarrhea].","authors":"Masma Shahbazova, Nurullah Çiftçi, Hatice Türk Daği, Uğur Arslan","doi":"10.5578/mb.20250192","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20250192","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. This disease causes\u0000child deaths and economic losses in developing countries. Campylobacter spp. is the most common cause\u0000of gastroenteritis in both adult and pediatric patients. Although the disease typically presents as common\u0000diarrhea, in some cases, it can lead to severe complications and even death. This study aimed to identify\u0000Campylobacter species isolated in stool samples from patients admitted to the hospital with gastroenteritis\u0000complaints and to investigate their virulence genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In order to\u0000determine the frequency of Campylobacter species, 850 stool samples were taken from patients suspected\u0000with gastroenteritis. For the isolation of Campylobacter, the stool samples were inoculated on modified\u0000charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar and incubated at 42 °C for 48-72 hours in a microaerophilic\u0000atmosphere. Gram staining, catalase, and oxidase tests were applied for Campylobacter suspected\u0000colonies. During the macroscopic examination, the stool consistency, presence of mucus and leukocytes\u0000were evaluated. DNA isolation was performed from freshly grown colonies according to the commercial\u0000QIAampDNA mini kit (Qiagen, Germany) protocol. Identification of the species and the presence of\u0000virulence genes were studied by PCR. The 816 bp long C412F and C1228R primer pair specific to the\u000016S rRNA gene for the molecular identification of Campylobacter isolates were used. The specific 735 base\u0000pair (bp) long HipO1 and HipO2 primer pair, targeting the hippurase gene of Campylobacter jejuni was\u0000used. 500 base pair long CC1 and CC2 primers specific to the asperkinase gene of Campylobacter coli were\u0000used. In our study, Campylobacter spp. growth was detected in 122 of the 850 samples. 107 (87.7%) of\u0000the positive samples were taken from the patients at the outpatient clinic, while 15 (12.3%) were taken\u0000from patients in the ward. The highest rate of positivity was among children aged 0-5, with 39.4% (48\u0000cases). By using PCR, 106 of the Campylobacter species were identified as C.jejuni, 11 as C.coli and five as\u0000Campylobacter spp. The ciaB gene was found in 102 (83.6%) of the Campylobacter strains; the dnaJ gene\u0000was found in 93 (76.2%); the cdtC gene was found in 106 (86.8%); and the cdtA gene was found in 115\u0000(94.2%) strains. cdtB, pldA, and cadF genes were detected as follows: 110 (90.1%), 85 (69.6%), and 110\u0000(90.1%), respectively. When examining the distribution of virulence genes by species, it was observed\u0000that the cadF gene was present in all C.coli strains, while the cdtA and ciaB genes were detected in all\u0000five Campylobacter spp. strains. All genes were detected as positive in 68 of the C.jejuni isolates, three of\u0000the C.coli isolates and one of the Campylobacter spp. strains. The data obtained in this study showed that\u0000the frequency of Campylobacter is high in patients with acute gastroenteritis. As a result of this study, it is\u0000","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}