Mikrobiyoloji bulteni最新文献

{"title":"[Molecular Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in CarbapenemResistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Isolated from Clinical Samples].","authors":"Gülşah Altan, Erva Rakici, Osman Birol Özgümüş","doi":"10.5578/mb.202498200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.202498200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes increased morbidity and mortality in risky patient groups. Nowadays, carbapenem resistance has become a threat and resistance genes are spreading among species through mobile genetic elements. The dissemination of carbapenemases among P.aeruginosa is a serious public health concern due to its limited options for the treatment of bacterial infections. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of 47 carbapenem resistant P.aeruginosa (CRPA) isolates derived from various clinical samples from the Central Laboratory Bacteriology Unit of Kocaeli University Research and Training Hospital between October 2021 and March 2023. The rates of resistance to the antibiotics, some carbapenemase and virulence genes, conjugative resistance plasmids, integron gene cassette contents and the clonal similarity of the isolates were investigated and then epidemiologically evaluated. In the study, identification of the bacterial isolates and their susceptibility to some antibiotics (imipenem, meropenem, aztreonam, amikacin, netilmicin, tobramycin, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) were determined by the VITEK® 2 Compact automated system. Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production of the isolates was demonstrated by the imipenem/meropenem-EDTA (IMP/MEM-EDTA) combined disc method. Conjugation experiments were performed by the broth mating method. Alkali lysis method was used in plasmid DNA isolations. Co-transferred antibiotic resistances in transconjugants were detected by disc diffusion method. Carbapenemase genes (blaIMP , blaVIM , blaNDM , blaKPC and blaOXA-48 ), integron gene cassettes (class 1 and class 2) and virulence genes (lasR and rhlR) were screened by specific polymerase chain reactions (PCRs). Clonal relationships of the CRPA isolates were investigated by evaluating the DNA f ingerprintings obtained from the ERIC (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus)-PCR assay. The highest resistance rate of the isolates were to levofloxacin, while the lowest resistance rates were observed against tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacin. MBL production was detected in 25 (53.2%) isolates. In conjugation experiments, 12 (25.5%) isolates were detected to harbour conjugative resistance plasmids. In 90% of the CRPA isolates, lasR and rhlR biofilm genes (encoding for the transcriptional activator protein) were detected by PCR. The blaVIM gene was detected in six (12.8%) isolates. The blaNDM gene was detected in five (10.6%) isolates and the blaOXA-48 gene was detected in three (6.4%) isolates. The blaKPC and blaIMP genes were not detected in CRPA isolates. It was determined that two (16.6%) of the isolates that carried the blaVIM gene, one (8.3%) carried the blaNDM gene and one (8.3%) carried the blaOXA-48 gene contained conjugative plasmids.In integron-specific PCRs, intI1 gene was positive in 39 (82.9%) isolates, while","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 2","pages":"148-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of the Antibacterial Synergistic Activity of Fosfomycin-Teicoplanin Combination in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Various Clinical Sample].","authors":"Rümeysa Tuba Biçer, Tuncer Özekinci, Mücahide Esra Koçoğlu","doi":"10.5578/mb.202498156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.202498156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the detection of teicoplanin and fosfomycin antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains by different methods and to evaluate the antibacterial synergistic effect of teicoplanin-fosfomycin combination by using checkerboard assay and time kill curve assay. Forty-five MRSA strains isolated from clinical samples in routine medical microbiology laboratory of Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital were included in the study. In the first stage of the combination study, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were investigated by broth microdilution for teicoplanin and by both broth microdilution and agar dilution methods for fosfomycin. The combination of teicoplanin and fosfomycin was tested by the checkerboard method in 45 MRSA strains and combination effect was determined according to fractional inhibitory concentration index (ΣFIC) calculation. The synergistic effect and bactericidal activity of antibiotic combination were studied against a randomly selected strain from the strains used in the study by using time-kill method for 24 hours. As a result of teicoplanin and fosfomycin antibiotic susceptibility studies, all isolates were found to be susceptible to both antibiotics according to the susceptibility breakpoints determined by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). A synergistic effect was found in 22 (49%), additive effect in 22 (49%) and indifferent effect in one (2%) of the 45 strains studied with the checkerboard method. The mean ΣFIC of 45 isolates was found to be 0.5. In the combination study of the antibiotics of the isolate that was studied with time-kill method, synergism was detected for 1/8 MIC concentrations at 12th hour and 24th hour and synergism at 1/4 MIC concentration at sixth hour, 12th hour and 24th hour. In the combination study of 1/4 MIC concentrations of antibiotics, bactericidal effect was detected at sixth hour and this effect was observed to disappear at 12th and 24th hours. High rate of synergistic antibacterial effect of teicoplanin-fosfomycin combination on MRSA isolates was demonstrated as a result of in vitro tests. Such studies conducted on antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections will provide clinicians different treatment options and will contribute to increasing survival. As a result of this study, provided that it is supported by future clinical studies, it can be stated that the teicoplanin-fosfomycin combination may be an effective treatment option in community and hospital-acquired infections caused by MRSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 2","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Determination of Capsule Types, Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and Phylogenetic Relationships of Group B Streptococcus Isolates Isolated from Patients Followed in Various Clinics and Polyclinics].","authors":"Suna Kızılyıldırım, Tülay Kandemir, Berfin Sucu, Fatih Köksal","doi":"10.5578/mb.20249901","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20249901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group B streptococci (GBS) are microorganisms that cause various systemic infections. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the capsule serotypes, antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic similarity relationship between GBS isolates. One hundred and ten GBS isolates isolated from female patients who admitted to Adana City Hospital with various complaints were included in the study. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for the antibiotic resistance patterns and evaluated with CLSI criteria. The genes ermB, ermTR, mefA for erythromycin resistance and linB genes for clindamycin resistance were investigated by multiplex PCR method. Multiplex PCR method was used for GBS capsule serotyping. Similarity relationship between the isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. As a result of the study; all strains were found to be sensitive to penicillin and vancomycin. Erythromycin, clindamycin ofloxacin, and ceftriaxone resistance rates were observed as 60%, 11.8%, 6.4%, and 4.5%, respectively. The mefA gene was not found while 53% and 47% of the erythromycin-resistant isolates carried ermTR and ermB genes, respectively. The linB gene was not found in clindamycin-resistant GBS isolates. The capsule serotype distributions of GBSs were found as, Ib 42.7%, Ia 35.5%, III 10%, II 8.2%, and V 3.6%, respectively. In the analysis of the similarity relationships between GBS isolates with the PFGE method, no significant relationship was found. In conclusion, it was thought that more studies should be conducted to show the prevalence of GBS capsule serotypes and patterns of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of the Inhibition Effect of Acanthamoeba Cell-Free Supernatants Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa].","authors":"Çise Kebabcı, Zuhal Zeybek","doi":"10.5578/mb.20249950","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20249950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Free-living amoebae belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba are microorganisms that live in air, soil and aquatic environments. In humans, they cause infections such as amoebic keratitis, graulamotous amoebic encephalitis that are difficult to treat and can be fatal. In addition, it is known that they contribute to the replication of bacteria and increase their pathogenicity by being a host for various bacteria. However, information on its inhibitory properties against bacteria and its production of antimicrobial agents is very limited. In this context, in this study, it was aimed to investigate whether cell-free supernatants of Acanthamoeba strains have antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Four different Acanthamoeba strains (A10, A13, A14, U.GÖL) isolated from aquatic environments in our country were selected and used in the study, P.aeruginosa isolates (PA2, PA3, PA4, PA5) were selected from clinical strains belonging to patients in our country. Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC 50373 and P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were used as standard strains. P.aeruginosa isolates were grown on nutrient agar at 37 °C and Acanthamoeba strains were grown on E.coli spread non-nutrient agar at 30 °C under aerobic conditions. Pepton yeast extract glucose (PYG) medium supplemented with penicillin and streptomycin was used to obtain axenic cultures of Acanthamoeba strains. After the centrifugation of axenic cultures at 3000 rpm for five minutes, Acanthamoeba-cell-free supernatants were obtained by filtering the supernatant part through a sterile filter with a pore diameter of 0.22 µm. The antibacterial activities of these supernatants against P.aeruginosa isolates were determined using the colony counting method. Analysis of each Acanthamoeba-cell-free supernatants was performed according to the GC-MS method. Acanthamoeba-cell-free supernatants were found to have varying degrees of inhibitory effects (3.9-91.5%) against tested P.aeruginosa isolates. It was determined that the cell-free supernatant of A.castellanii ATCC 50373 strain showed the highest antibacterial effect (91.5%) against PA5 isolate. A14 strain showed similar inhibitory effects (89.4%) against the same Pseudomonas isolate. The average inhibitory effect of most of the Acanthamoeba strains of our country was found to be higher than that of the reference strain A.castellanii ATCC 50492. It is thought that the compounds responsible for the anti-Pseudomonas activity of the tested Acanthamoeba strains may be fructose, phosphoric acid, galactose, N-Acetylphenylalanine and glucopyranose determined as major compounds. This is the first study showing the anti-Pseudomonas activity of microorganisms of the genus Acanthamoeba living in the waters of our country. Acanthamoeba, which is widely found in nature, appears to be a good source for new antimicrobial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 1","pages":"71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of the Relationship Between Akkermansia Genomic Diversity in Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease Dementia].","authors":"Muzaffer Arıkan, Tuğçe Kahraman Demir, Zeynep Yıldız, Nesrin Helvacı Yılmaz, Aysu Şen, Lütfü Hanoğlu, Süleyman Yıldırım","doi":"10.5578/mb.20249951","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20249951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although it is known that the relative abundance of Akkermansia, a bacterial genus commonly associated with health, increases in the gut microbiota of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, the exact reason for this increase remains unclear. This study was aimed to identify potential changes in Akkermansia within the gut microbiota of PD patients in Türkiye. For this purpose, shotgun metagenomics and a novel Akkermansia genus-specific amplicon sequencing technique was used to investigate the presence of specific Akkermansia strains associated with cognitive impairment (CI) stages in PD and to examine potential genes within these strains. In this context, four gut microbiota samples from Türkiye -three PD with dementia (PDD) and one healthy control without CI (HC)- were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics and metagenome-assembled genomes assigned to Akkermansia genus were reconstructed. Then, a custom database was created by combining these genomes with the Akkermansia genomes in public databases and next generation sequencing (NGS) compatible primers specific to the genus Akkermansia were designed using this database. After optimization of amplification and library preparation steps for genus-specific next generation sequencing, gut microbiota samples from 64 PD patients [32 PDD and 32 PD with mild CI (PD-MCI)] and 26 HCs were analyzed by genus-specific amplicon sequencing. The results revealed the presence of seven strains assigned to Akkermansia muciniphila in gut microbiota samples, two of which showed significant distribution differences (p< 0.05) between demented (PDD) and non-demented groups (PD-MCI, HC). When gene contents of the detected Akkermansia genomes were examined through comparative genomic analysis, the presence of 12 genes only in Akkermansia genomes specific to non-demented groups were predicted. The annotations of these genes showed that they were not reported before with unknown functions. In this study, for the first time, gut microbiota samples from PD patients in Türkiye were analyzed using shotgun metagenomics, a novel genus-specific amplicon sequencing method was developed specifically for the analysis of Akkermansia genus, and then Akkermansia strains and genes potentially associated with CI stages in PD were identified using this method. The results underscore that investigating the species or strain level differences could help better understanding of the changes associated with PD in the human gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 1","pages":"13-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Distribution of the Prevalence of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-B*57:01 Positivity in HIV-1 Infected Individuals and Its Effects on Treatment: Türkiye Map-Buhasder Working Group].","authors":"Seyit Ali Büyüktuna, Caner Öksüz, Alper Tahmaz, Figen Sarıgül Yıldırım, Melda Türken, Özgür Günal, Şeyma Topal, Ali İrfan Baran, Burak Sarıkaya, Semiha Çelik Ekinci, Selçuk Kaya, Sevil Alkan Çeviker, Adalet Aypak, Pınar Yürük Atasoy, Dilara İnan, Adem Köse, Nevind Koç İnce, Seniha Şenbayrak, Şafak Kaya, Müge Özgüler, Emine Kübra Dindar Demiray, Şükran Köse","doi":"10.5578/mb.20249903","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20249903","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immundeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a critical global public health problem that significantly affects both life expectancy and the overall quality of life of individuals in all age groups. The landscape of HIV infection has changed significantly in recent years due to the introduction of effective combination antiretroviral therapies (ART). A key component of first-line ART regimens for HIV treatment is abacavir, a nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Although abacavir is effective in suppressing viral replication and managing disease, its clinical utility is overshadowed by the potential for life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions in HLA-B*57:01-positive patients. In our country, local data obtained from various centers regarding the prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 in HIV-1-infected patients are available. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of the HLA-B*57:01 genotype in HIV-infected patients who were followed up and treated in many regions of our country. This retrospective study consists of the data of the patients aged 18 years and over diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between 01.01.2019 and 31.07.2022. Age, gender, place of birth, mode of transmission of the disease, death status, CD4+ T cell count and HIV RNA levels at the first clinical presentation, HLA-B*57:01 positivity, and the method used, clinical stage of the disease, virological response time with the treatment they received were recorded from the patient files. Data were collected from 16 centers and each center used different methods to detect HLA-B*57:01. These methods were sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (SSOP), DNA sequence-based typing (SBT), single-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR), allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). A total of 608 HIV-infected individuals, 523 males (86%) and 85 females (14%), were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 36.9 ± 11.9 (18-73) years. The prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 allele was found to be 3.6% (22 patients). The number of CD4+ T lymphocytes in HLA-B*57:01 allele-positive patients was &gt; 500/ mm3 in 10 patients (45.5%), while the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes in HLA-B*57:01 negative patients was &gt; 500/mm3 in 216 patients (36.9%) (p&gt; 0.05). Viral load at the time of diagnosis was found to be lower in patients with positive HLA-B*57:01 allele but it was not statistically significant (p&gt; 0.05). Although different treatment algorithms were used in the centers following the patients, it was observed that the duration of virological response was shorter in HLA-B*57:01 positive patients (p= 0.006). Although the presence of the HLA-B*57:01 allele has a negative impact due to its association with hypersensitivity, it is likely to continue to attract interest due to its association with slower progression of HIV infection and reduced risk of developing AIDS. In addition, although the answer to the questi","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 1","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of the Effect of Farnesol on Biofilm Formation by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis Complex Isolates].","authors":"Berna Erdal, Bensu Baylan, Bahadır Batar, Ali Öztürk, Birol Topçu","doi":"10.5578/mb.20249905r","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20249905r","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The incidence of infections caused by Candida species has significantly increased over the past three decades. Candida albicans is commonly recognized as the primary causative agent in cases of candidiasis; however, non-albicans Candida species, including Candida parapsilosis, are also frequently defined as pathogens. Treatment-resistant infections arise as a result of biofilm formation, which is one of the effective mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Candida infections. However, the mechanisms of action of farnesol, a quorum sensing (QS) system molecule, on biofilm formation by Candida species remain unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the changes in the biofilm biomass of C.albicans and C.parapsilosis complex isolates in the presence of farnesol and reveal the expression of the EFG1 and BCR1 genes, which are believed to play a role in the production of QS molecules, using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. C.albicans (n= 91) and C.parapsilosis complex (n= 29) isolates obtained from different clinical samples were included in the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of farnesol were determined using the broth microdilution method according to the M27-A3 protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The biofilm biomass of the isolates was examined without farnesol and at the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol. Changes in the expression of the biofilm-associated EFG1 and BCR1 genes were investigated using qRT-PCR. According to the results of the study, the MIC values of farnesol were detected in the range of 1-2 mM in 82.4% (n= 75) of the C.albicans isolates and in the range of 0.5-1 mM in 72.4% (n= 21) of the C.parapsilosis complex isolates. Of the C.albicans isolates, 27 (29.7%) exhibited a strong biofilm formation and 58 (63.7%) demonstrated a weaker biofilm formation, while these rates were 34.4% (n= 10) and 62.1% (n= 18), respectively, for the C.parapsilosis complex isolates. At the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations, farnesol was observed to reduce biofilm biomass among C.albicans (n= 24, 88.9%) and C.parapsilosis complex (n= 8, 80.0%) isolates that formed strong biofilms and observed to increase biofilm biomass among those that formed weak biofilms [60.3% (n= 35) and 55.6% (n= 10), respectively]. On completion of the qRT-PCR analysis supporting the results of the biofilm experiment, it was determined that the expressions of the EFG1 and BCR1 genes decreased at the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol among the strong biofilm-forming C.albicans and C.parapsilosis complex isolates, but there was an increase in gene expressions among the weak biofilm-forming isolates. In addition to the antifungal effect of farnesol on Candida species, this study provided data on the efficacy of the MIC-0 and MIC-2 concentrations of farnesol against Candida biofilm biomass. Although our results suggest that farnesol can be used as an alternative agent to","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 1","pages":"49-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A Case Report of Monkeypox Disease in an Adolescent].","authors":"Leyla Beşel, Önder Kılıçaslan, Çiğdem Kırmacı, Didem Kızmaz İsançlı, Irmak Emre, Adem Karbuz","doi":"10.5578/mb.20249909","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20249909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection is a zoonotic disease characterized by smallpox-like rashes. It is endemic in Central and West Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease as an epidemic due to a significant increase in the number of reported cases, starting from Europe and spreading to other regions, particularly in certain areas, in May 2022. On July 23, 2022, it was recognized as a public health problem of international importance. Our country has also been affected by this epidemic, and the official number of reported cases is twelve. In this case report, an adolescent case diagnosed with MPXV infection was presented. A 17-year-old male patient admitted with the complaints of sores around the mouth and genital area, fever and headache. The patient had a history of sexual contact with three different males in the last six months. Honey-colored crusted papules and plaques were observed in the perioral area, as well as crusted papules on the penile and gluteal areas. Ulcerative sores were present in the oral cavity. Laboratory tests for sexually transmitted diseases confirmed the patient's HIV-positive status and MPXV infection through PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing. Antiviral treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was initiated after the HIV RNA level resulted in 263000 copies/mL. Additionally, a glycopeptide was added to the treatment regimen when methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus growth was detected in the swab culture taken from the wounds on the patient's face. No specific treatment was administered for MPXV due to the patient's uncomplicated clinical course and overall well-being. This case report aims to raise awareness about monkeypox disease in children by highlighting the clinical findings and potential risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 1","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of Cryptococcus Colonization and Mating Genotype in Environmental Samples].","authors":"Deniz Alkaya, Engin Kaplan, Çağrı Ergin, Macit İlkit, Aylin Döğen","doi":"10.5578/mb.20249904","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20249904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptococcus species are fungal pathogens that pose a serious threat to human life and can cause meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised and healthy individuals. It was estimated that approximately 112000 people die every year due to cryptococcal-related infections all over the world, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Cryptococcus species can be found in soil, bat dung, pigeon droppings, and various tree species in addition to humans. Despite the majority of Cryptococcus species being haploid opportunistic human pathogens, it is known that the ability to undergo sexual reproduction plays a significant role in the expansion of species distribution and the increase in virulence. In Cryptococcus species, sexual reproduction is governed by the mating genotype gene region called the MAT locus. Pathogenic Cryptococcus species have two mating types (MATa and MATα), defined by the presence of one of two alternative alleles at a single MAT locus. In this study, various tree species (eucalyptus, olive and carob) in a total of seven regions in Mersin (Gülnar, Göksu, Narlıkuyu, Ayaş, Kızkalesi, and Tarsus) and Hatay provinces were examined to detect Cryptococcus species. The aim of this study was to determine the environmental distribution and sexual genotypes of Cryptococcus species in these regions. In the present study, samples were collected from a total of 750 trees, including olive, eucalyptus, and carob trees. The samples were incubated on Staib agar medium containing 0.1% biphenyl and 0.5% chloramphenicol. Colonies that formed brown pigment were identified as C.neoformans using conventional and molecular methods. The sexual genotypes were determined by comparing the lengths of the STE20 gene from the isolates compared with those of reference C.neoformans strains. Growth was observed in 97 (12.9%) of 750 samples collected from eucalyptus (n= 236), olive (n= 303) and carob (n= 211) trees. All 97 isolates were determined to be C.neoformans var. grubii. The highest positivity was found in Narlıkuyu (78.2%), and from carob (9.4%) and olive (3.5%) trees. Cryptococcus species was not detected in any of the samples derived from eucalyptus trees. Based on the lengths of the STE20 gene, it was determined that all C.neoformans var. grubii isolates were in the MAT Aα genotype. The data obtained regarding the environmental distribution of Cryptococcus species and the distribution of genes involved in sexual reproduction are believed to provide valuable guidance in terms of the potential clinical implications of environmental Cryptococcus hotspots and regional species characteristics in our country.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 1","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A New Case of Fournier's Gangrene Caused by Actinotignum schaalii].","authors":"Hanife Tutan, Cemil Kutsal, Özlem Gül, Elif Seren Tanrıverdi, Ayşe Barış, Mehmet Emin Bulut, Elif Aktaş","doi":"10.5578/mb.20249908","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20249908","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Actinotignum schaalii (formerly known as Actinobaculum schaalii) is an anaerobic or facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacillus that can be found commensally in the urogenital region. It can be overlooked because it grows slowly and is difficult to identify with classical microbiology laboratory techniques. Colonies become visible after 48-72 hours of incubation on blood agar in anaerobic or CO₂-rich media. While it typically causes urinary tract infection in older individuals, cases of bacteremia, vertebral osteomyelitis, endocarditis and cellulitis have been reported. Fournier's gangrene caused by A.schaalii has been reported very rarely so far. Fournier's gangrene has been defined as necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia, perineal and perianal region. Diabetes, immunosuppression, peripheral vascular disease, urethral anomalies, chronic alcoholism and smoking are important predisposing factors. In addition, approximately 25% of the cases have no known or identifiable etiology. The bacteria causing the infection may originate from skin, urogenital or intestinal microbiota. In this case report, a new case of Fournier's gangrene caused by A.schaalii was presented. A 65-year-old male patient admitted to the emergency department with the complaints of pain, swelling, redness in the left testis and also nausea, vomiting and chills that started three days ago. Physical examination revealed increased diameter of the scrotum, intense hyperemia of the skin and foci of necrosis. It was learned that the patient had no known chronic disease other than benign prostatic hyperplasia. The patient reported smoking of 25 packs of cigarettes per year. Routine laboratory tests revealed leukocyte= 32.41 x 109/L, neutrophil= 89.9%, procalcitonin= 1.62 ug/L, CRP= 265.07 mg/L and the patient was operated with the diagnosis of Fournier's gangrene. Gram staining of the abscess specimen obtained during the operation showed gram-positive bacilli both inside and outside the leukocytes. After 24 hours, grampositive bacilli were detected in the Gram staining of thin, transparent/gray colonies grown on 5% sheep blood and chocolate agar. The isolate was identified as A.schaalii by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) VITEK® MS (bioMérieux, France) microbial identification system. VITEK®2 ID ANC (bioMérieux, France) bacterial identification card was also used for comparison but the bacteria could be identified. As a result of the sequence analysis performed for confirmation, it was shown to be 100% homologous with Actinobaculum schaalii (GenBank accession no: FJ711193.1). For susceptibility tests, 5% sheep blood Schaedler agar was used and incubated in anaerobic environment. According to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) results evaluated after 48 hours, penicillin was found to be 0.032 mg/L, clindamycin 0.125 mg/L, ciprofloxacin 0.19 mg/L, ceftazidime 4 mg/L, and amoxicillin 0.19 mg/L. The primary ","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 1","pages":"80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}