Mikrobiyoloji bulteni最新文献

{"title":"[Effects of Efflux Pump Inhibitors and Antileishmanial Drug Combinations on Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum Isolates].","authors":"Yener Özel, İbrahim Çavuş, Varol Tunali, Tülay Aksoy, Mehmet Ünlü, Ahmet Özbilgin","doi":"10.5578/mb.202501110","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202501110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug resistance, one of the most important public health problems facing humanity, necessitates\u0000new strategies and approaches in the development of antileishmanial agents. Although developments\u0000regarding efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) and other candidate agents are promising, the search continues\u0000to increase the duration of use and efficacy of existing antileishmanials. The aim of this study was to\u0000investigate the antileishmanial effects of three EPIs, namely reserpine, berberine and verapamil. The\u0000antileishmanial activities of EPIs, pentostam and miltefosine against Leishmania tropica and Leishmania\u0000infantum strains were determined by broth microdilution method. Minimum parasiticidal concentration\u0000(MPC) values were determined by inverted microscope and IC50 values were determined by MTT\u0000viability assay method. The effects of EPIs with determined antileishmanial activities on miltefosine\u0000and pentostam were investigated by checkerboard method. The MPC values of antileishmanial drugs\u0000miltefosine and pentostam for L.tropica and L.infantum were determined as 64 and 196 µg/mL at 24 and\u000048 hours, respectively. The MPC values of EPIs reserpine and berberine were determined as 314 and 64\u0000µg/mL for the same incubation times and for verapamil, they were determined as 80 µg/mL at 24 hours\u0000and 40 µg/mL at 48 hours. Among anti-leishmanials, the IC50 values of miltefosine were calculated as\u00004.91/3.47 and 4.05/2.91 µg/mL for L.tropica and L.infantum at 24 and 48 hours, respectively and that\u0000of pentostam were calculated as 34.58/59.86 and 18.48/40.63 µg/mL at the same incubation times,\u0000respectively.The IC50 values of EPIs, reserpine, berberine, and verapamil were calculated as 74.05/50.61,\u00007.27/6.1, and 12.52/4.53 µg/mL for L.tropica at 24/48 hours, respectively and 64.52/51.72, 8.21/8.01,\u0000and 11.59/7.69 µg/mL for L.infantum. When miltefosine was combined with reserpine, berberine or\u0000verapamil, synergistic interactions were observed at 24 and 48 hours of incubation. When pentostam\u0000was combined with reserpine, partial synergy was observed at 24 hours and synergy was observed at\u000048 hours. When pentostam was combined with berberine or verapamil, synergistic interactions were\u0000observed at both incubation conditions. Synergy results were found to be the same in both L.tropica\u0000and L.infantum strains. In recent years, the speed of research on the discovery of new antimicrobials\u0000has significantly decreased and it has become necessary to investigate new molecules that can affect\u0000resistance mechanisms. It is thought that EPIs may be a promising approach that can increase the clinical\u0000performance of antileishmanial agents and reduce the level of side effects in the fight against drug\u0000resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 1","pages":"71-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of Molecular Differences in Plasmodium spp. Isolates Obtained from Malaria Patients].","authors":"Emrah Erdoğan, Merve Yürük, Eda Sivcan, Makbule Sallanbaş, Ozan Yaman","doi":"10.5578/mb.202501124","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202501124","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Malaria continues to pose a serious threat to more than half of the world’s population each year.\u0000The Plasmodium parasites that cause disease are not limited to humans alone; they have a wide range\u0000of infections that extend to reptiles, birds, mammals and other vertebrates. Plasmodium species have\u0000extraordinary genetic flexibility that allows them to adapt to changes in the environment, giving\u0000them the potential to rapidly develop resistance to therapeutics such as antimalarials and to change\u0000host specificity. Parasites multiply dynamically in the erythrocytes of vertebrate hosts and during the\u0000development of these parasites, numerous reactive oxygen species are produced that damage biological\u0000macromolecules in the cell. The severe form of malaria, cerebral malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum,\u0000is a complex neurological syndrome. Survivors have behavioral difficulties, cognitive deficits and a risk of\u0000epilepsy. Cerebral malaria is associated with multiple organ dysfunction. Adhesion and accumulation of\u0000infected erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes (macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and monocytes)\u0000in the cerebral microvessels play a major role in disease progression. Microvascular obstruction with\u0000coagulation and endothelial dysfunction contribute to neurological damage and disease severity. The\u0000aim of this study was to investigate the molecular differences of Plasmodium spp. isolated from imported\u0000and domestic patients diagnosed with malaria in the routine diagnostic laboratories of the Erciyes\u0000University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Parasitology. Thin smears were prepared from the\u0000peripheral blood of patients who applied to our hospital with the complaints of fever, shivering and chills,\u0000stained with Giemsa and examined under a microscope with a x100 objective. When the thin smears of\u0000the patients were examined, trophozoites and gametocytes belonging to the Plasmodium genus were\u0000detected. As a result of routine microscopic examination and molecular probe-based quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRt-PCR) studies for species identification, the Plasmodium spp. that\u0000infected the patients were identified. Of the 17 Plasmodium spp. isolates included in the study, 10 were\u0000P.falciparum, five were Plasmodium vivax, one was Plasmodium ovale and one was Plasmodium knowlesi.\u0000DNA sequence analysis was applied to the PCR products obtained as a result of conventional PCR studies\u0000targeting mitochondrial COX-1 gene regions for P.vivax and P.falciparum and 18S rRNA gene regions\u0000for P.ovale and P.knowlesi. DNA sequencing results were evaluated by BLAST analysis and phylogenetic\u0000analysis with the MEGA program. The data obtained were found to be compatible with similar isolates\u0000previously entered into Genbank by BLAST search. Malaria is one of the leading causes of death from\u0000infectious diseases. When malaria control programs are evaluated within eradication studies, it is thought\u0000that revealing the existing species and their","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 1","pages":"90-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The Effects of Temoporfin-Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation on Leishmania tropica Promastigotes and Molecular Docking Analysis].","authors":"Metin Çalişkan, Hilal Şimşek, Erdi Can Aytar, Hatice Ertabaklar, Serçin Özlem Çalişkan","doi":"10.5578/mb.202501142","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202501142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis is a serious and endemic infectious disease reported in over 90 countries and regions.\u0000Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) manifests on exposed areas of the body, with its main symptoms being\u0000single or multiple ulcerative or nodular lesions on the skin, which can become chronic within six months\u0000after a bite from the Phlebotomus vector or heal spontaneously. Although not fatal, the disease can\u0000leave permanent scars. Conventional treatment methods present a range of issues, including challenges\u0000in administration, the development of resistance and side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows\u0000significant potential as an effective, easy-to-apply, and non-invasive treatment for CL. As a new modality\u0000for antileishmanial treatment, PDT aims to enhance antileishmanial effects through the concurrent\u0000combination of light and a photosensitizer. In this study, the aim was to investigate the antileishmanial\u0000effect and possible mechanisms of temoporfin-mediated photodynamic inactivation on Leishmania tropica\u0000promastigotes in vitro. Parasites were incubated with temoporfin at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and\u000016 (μM) for 50 minutes and then exposed to red light at a flux of 1.71 J/cm² for 50 minutes. The MTT\u0000assay was used to assess cell viability and morphological changes were analyzed using Giemsa staining.\u0000Molecular docking was employed to identify the highest binding affinity to overexpressed receptors\u0000in L.tropica promastigotes. It was found that the combination of temoporfin and red light significantly\u0000reduced the viability of L.tropica promastigotes compared to the group treated with temoporfin alone.\u0000The IC50 value observed for L.tropica in the temoporfin and red light combination group was 1.924\u0000μM. At this concentration (1.924 μM), neither temoporfin alone nor red light alone had a significant\u0000effect on the viability of L.tropica promastigotes. Additionally, typical morphological features, such as\u0000loss of fusiform shape, flagella and nucleus, were observed in the temoporfin-mediated red light group.\u0000According to the molecular docking analysis, Amphotericin B and temoporfin exhibited binding affinities\u0000of -7.4 kcal/mol and -6.9 kcal/mol, respectively, to the three-dimensional model of the 5WB5 protein.\u0000Temoporfin combined red light has the potential to inactivate L.tropica promastigotes as a non-invasive\u0000treatment. The absence of any cytotoxic effects from the PDT components, red light and temoporfin in\u0000the treatment group provides an important opportunity for further studies with amastigote or animal\u0000models, paving the way for potential clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 1","pages":"57-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[An Endemic Disease in the Black Sea Region: Leptospirosis].","authors":"Esma Aslıhan Aydemir, Aybike Begüm Özdemir Demirdelen, Özgür Günal, Mehmet Hakan Taşkin, Eda Türe, Süleyman Sırrı Kiliç","doi":"10.5578/mb.202501106","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202501106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infectious disease that affects humans and animals, is found in all continents\u0000except for Antarctica and is caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. It is an important disease\u0000in terms of public health because it can cause epidemics. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively\u0000evaluate 11 cases followed up in our clinic with the diagnosis of leptospirosis in terms of epidemiological\u0000features, detected agents, clinical and laboratory findings.The patients were diagnosed with microscopic\u0000agglutination test (MAT) and/or ELISA IgM methods. Nine (81.8%) of the cases were male, two (18.1%)\u0000were female and the average age was determined as 54.18 (26-68) years. Two of the cases applied in the\u0000summer and nine in the autumn-winter months. All patients came from rural areas (collecting hazelnuts,\u0000owning vineyards and dealing with animal husbandry) and one of our cases had a history of fishing in\u0000the lake. All the 11 cases had fatigue, nine (81.8%) had fever, six (54.5%) had nausea-vomiting, three\u0000(27.2%) had headache, four (36.3%) had diffuse muscle-joint pain, five (45.4%) had diarrhea, three\u0000(27.2%) had jaundice, one (9. 09%) had shortness of breath, three (27.2%) were unable to urinate,\u0000two (18.1%) had rash (one was defined as vasculitis and the other as drug eruption), two (18.1%)\u0000had abdominal pain and one (9.09%) had bilateral conjunctival redness. At the time of admission to\u0000the hospital, one patient had acute respiratory distress syndrome, one patient had vasculitis and one\u0000patient had truncal ataxia. As a result of MAT sent for diagnostic purposes: Leptospira interrogans serovar\u0000icterohemorrhagiae strain Wijnberg was detected in seven cases, L.interrogans serovar Bratislava strain Jez\u0000Bratislava in two cases, L.interrogans serovar Hepdomadis strain Hebdomadis in one case, L.interrogans\u0000serovar Copenhageni strain Winjberg in one case. L.interrogans was detected in all cases and the most\u0000common serovar was icterohemorrhagiae. The most common symptoms of leptospirosis are fatigue,\u0000fever, chills, nausea and vomiting. While these symptoms may mimic many diseases, the presence of\u0000conjunctival hyperemia may be helpful in the diagnosis. Leptospirosis may present in different clinics\u0000due to multisystemic involvement (vasculitis, truncal ataxia, etc.). In laboratory tests, thrombocytopenia\u0000is frequently associated and total bilirubin, creatinine, creatinine phosphokinase may be elevated. In our\u0000study, procalcitonin was also found to be elevated in most patients. The most common causative agent\u0000was L.interrogans serovar icterohemorrhagiae and rodents were thought to be the most common source.\u0000The detection of other serovars suggested that farm animals and domestic animals other than rodents\u0000may have played a role as possible reservoirs. The causative agents and identifying possible sources is\u0000important for the formulation of health policies. Outbreaks can be prevented in disasters such as floods\u0000by continuing educational","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 1","pages":"102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of the Antifungal Susceptibility and Virulence Factors of Fusarium Strains Isolated from Clinical Samples].","authors":"Berkay Yüksel, Berna Gültekin Korkmazgil","doi":"10.5578/mb.20250194","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.20250194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium species are filamentous fungi which can cause various invasive and non-invasive conditions\u0000in humans, most notably keratitis and onychomycosis. Fusarium genus is divided into species complexes\u0000(SC), which are further separated into species. It is recommended to use molecular methods for species\u0000complex/species identification due to the difficulties of morphological species diagnosis. Identification of\u0000Fusarium strains is crucial since antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors are likely to vary between\u0000species. In the present study, it was aimed to identify Fusarium strains by molecular methods and to\u0000investigate their susceptibility to frequently used antifungals and some virulence factors. In our study,\u0000Fusarium strains obtained from clinical specimens in the Aydın Adnan Menderes University Hospital\u0000Medical Microbiology Laboratory between 2017 and 2022 were identified to the species complex\u0000level using internal transcribed spacer sequencing analysis. The susceptibility tests of the strains to\u0000amphotericin B, voriconazole and posaconazole were performed by standard broth microdilution\u0000method according to the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility\u0000Testing. Protease, phospholipase, esterase activities and biofilm forming abilities of Fusarium strains were\u0000investigated by phenotypic tests. It was investigated whether there was a statistical relationship between\u0000the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values determined for species complexes, virulence factors\u0000and antifungals.Of the 22 Fusarium strains, 10 were identified as Fusarium solani species complex, six\u0000as Fusarium fujikuroi SC, five as Fusarium oxysporum SC, and one as Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti SC.\u0000The MIC90 values of the strains were determined as 16 µg/mL for amphotericin B, > 32 µg/mL for\u0000voriconazole and > 32 µg/mL for posaconazole with the antifungal susceptibility test. Posaconazole MIC\u0000values in F.oxysporum SC strains were significantly lower than others. Seven (32%) Fusarium strains had\u0000positive protease, 21 (95%) had positive esterase, 13 (59%) had positive phospholipase and 12 (55%)\u0000had positive biofilm test. F.solani SC strains have significant higher biofilm formation rate compared\u0000to F.oxysporum SC and F.fujikuroi SC strains. However, no significant difference was found between\u0000species for other virulence factors. In our study, no statistically significant correlation was found between\u0000amphotericin B, voriconazole, posaconazole MIC values of Fusarium strains and protease, phospholipase\u0000and esterase enzyme activities. As a result,the use of molecular methods is necessary for the identification\u0000of Fusarium species and more comprehensive studies on the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility\u0000of Fusarium species are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 1","pages":"44-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Can Coronavirus HCoV-229E be Used as a Model Virus Instead of SARS-CoV-2 in Antiviral Efficacy Studies?]","authors":"Arzuhan Koç Büyüker, Aynur Karadenizli","doi":"10.5578/mb.202501126","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202501126","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In recent years, due to the pandemic, many in vitro studies have been conducted to develop\u0000therapeutic methods for the diagnosis and treatment of viruses and to test antivirals. Studies examining\u0000whether the use of HCoV-229E for modeling SARS-CoV-2 is safe and sufficient are limited in the literature.\u0000Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether HCoV-229E culture and quantitation studies,\u0000which can be performed under BSL-2 conditions, can be a preliminary model for SARS-CoV-2 experiments\u0000requiring BSL-3 conditions through antiviral efficacy assays. In our study, MRC5 cells were used for\u0000HCoV-229E propagation and analysis and Vero-E6 cells were used for SARS-CoV-2 propagation and\u0000analysis. During propagation, cell morphology and cytopathic effects (CPE) were examined daily with\u0000an inverted microscope and the logarithmic increase in viral RNA loads in the cultures was confirmed by\u0000real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using samples taken from the culture\u0000supernatants. Subsequently, the plaque assay (PFU/ml), which is frequently used in the literature for virus\u0000quantitation and the revised tissue culture infectious dose 50% assay (TCID50/ml) quantitation test with\u0000crystal violet staining, a new method developed in our laboratory, were performed. For antiviral assays,\u0000remdesivir, molnupiravir and oseltamivir, which have been used clinically against SARS-CoV-2 infection,\u0000were used and the efficacies of these drugs tested on HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 were studied in parallel\u0000cultures before and after virus inoculation. Viral RNA suppression in the groups as a result of the drug\u0000treatments was analyzed by quantitative PCR method. It was found that the antiviral effect of remdesivir\u0000on SARS-CoV-2 lasted at least 12 hours longer than its effect on HCoV-229E and that the drug was more\u0000effective in suppressing viral load in the first 24 hours when applied prophylactically in cultures inoculated\u0000with HCoV-229E. For SARS-CoV-2, no difference was observed in the timing of remdesivir administration\u0000(24 hours or 48 hours). Molnupiravir and oseltamivir administered prophylactically in the first 24 hours\u0000had higher antiviral efficacy against both viruses than after virus inoculation. Furthermore, molnupiravir\u0000and remdesivir had no cytotoxic effect on cell morphology in virus inoculated cultures, while the negative\u0000effects of oseltamivir on cell viability were detected by inverted microscopy. In conclusion, remdesivir\u0000and molnupiravir prophylactically administered at a dose of 10 μM to cells inoculated with SARS-CoV-2\u0000and HCoV-229E in vitro showed the highest antiviral activity in the first 24 hours and remdesivir caused\u0000the least cytotoxicity on cell viability. In this study, standardized versions of HCoV-229E production,\u0000quantitation and drug administration protocols were performed in comparison with SARS-CoV-2. The\u0000suppression of viral RNA loads at 12 and 24 hours by all prophylactically administered drugs was simil","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 1","pages":"29-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Urinary Salmonella Enteritidis Carriage in a Patient Living with HIV].","authors":"Hanife Tutan, Özlem Gül, Hakan Karaca, Elif Seren Tanriverdi, Mehmet Emin Bulut, Elif Aktaş","doi":"10.5578/mb.202501122","DOIUrl":"10.5578/mb.202501122","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), a major public health problem worldwide, frequently causes\u0000gastrointestinal infections and can develop asymptomatic carriage. Isolation of NTS in urine and urinary\u0000carriage, are extremely rare and their frequency increases in the presence of predisposing factors. In today’s\u0000world where the rates of quinolone-resistant Salmonella spp. are rapidly increasing, the implementation\u0000of the correct treatment protocol, especially in patients in the risk group, is the most fundamental step\u0000to prevent the development of carriage. In this case report, an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-\u0000infected patient with urinary carriage of Salmonella Enteritidis was presented. A 59-year-old male patient\u0000applied to the outpatient clinic with dysuric complaints. He was being followed for HIV infection and\u0000was receiving appropriate antiretroviral therapy. He had coronary artery disease, hypertension, chronic\u0000renal failure and nephrolithiasis. Physical examination was normal without fever. Salmonella spp. grew\u0000in urine culture and S.Enteritidis was reported by serotyping. The susceptibility profile was determined\u0000as sensitive to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole by disk diffusion\u0000and resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC= 0.19 mg/L) by gradient test. Lower urinary tract infection (UTI)\u0000was considered and five-day cefixime treatment was started. The patient’s complaints did not improve\u0000after treatment and S.Enteritidis was grown again in the culture. Salmonella spp. was not grown in the\u0000stool sample obtained from the patient who was learned to have gastroenteritis recently. The patient\u0000was treated with cefixime for two more weeks and there was no growth in the control culture. A few\u0000weeks later, urinary symptoms recurred and S.Enteritidis growth was again observed in urine culture and\u0000treatment was planned. Urological evaluation revealed bilateral multiple stones and cortical cysts and\u0000it was stated that operation was not possible. Twelve isolates determined from the urine cultures of the\u0000patient for 27 months were genotyped using AP-PCR and it was shown that all isolates were of the same\u0000genotype. During the patient’s follow-up, bacteriuria persisted for 27 months whether the patient was\u0000symptomatic or asymptomatic and this was associated with HIV infection and underlying nephrolithiasis.\u0000The present case was considered as NTS-induced UTI after possible Salmonella gastroenteritis and\u0000asymptomatic urinary carriage during follow-up. When NTS-induced UTI is detected, patients should\u0000be evaluated for the presence of risk factors. Elimination of risk factors is critical to achieve complete\u0000cure and prevent carriage. Otherwise, even long-term antibiotic therapy may be inadequate. Increasing\u0000resistance rates to fluoroquinolones, one of the first choices for the treatment and decolonization of\u0000Salmonella infections, are alarming. In addition to rational drug use, it is important to carefully regulate\u0000policies on","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"59 1","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Examination of Capsule Genotypes, Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles and Biofilm Forming Abilities of Group B Streptococcus Isolates Isolated from Pregnant Women].","authors":"Suna Kizilyildirim, Fatih Köksal","doi":"10.5578/mb.20249663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.20249663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group B Streptococcus (GBS) or Streptococcus agalactiae is a pathogen that causes infections during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic sensitivity profiles, capsule genotypes and biofilm forming capabilities of GBS isolates obtained from pregnant women . The study included 252 pregnant women who applied to Adana Gynecology and Children's Hospital between 2018 and 2023. The disk diffusion method was used to test antibiotic susceptibility. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction method was used to examine capsule genotypes (Ia-IX) and the genes responsible for resistance to erythromycin (ermB, ermTR, and mefA), clindamycin (linB) and tetracycline (tetM and tetO). The polystyrene microplate method was used to determine the presence of biofilm production. As a result of the study; It was observed that GBS isolates consisted of 44.8% III, 29% Ib, 20.6% Ia, 2.4% V, 1.6% IV, 1.2% II and 0.4% VI genotypes, respectively. All of the isolates were found be susceptible to cefotaxime, ampicillin, vancomycin, penicillin, and linezolid; however, 42.5% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 33.3% to erythromycin and 24.2% to clindamycin. Erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes were mostly detected in the capsule III genotype. It was observed that 6.3% of GBS isolates produced strong biofilm, 56% produced moderate biofilm and 37.7% produced weak biofilm. In the study, the distribution of capsule genotypes and changes in antibiotic susceptibility profiles of GBS isolates over the years were revealed. The results of this study contributed to the epidemiological studies on GBS infections by providing data.</p>","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 4","pages":"380-392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Determination of Gene Mutations Associated with Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Patients Infected with Mycoplasma genitalium].","authors":"Zeynep Cansu Çalışkan, Elif Seren Tanrıverdi, Mertcan Uzun, Barış Otlu, Pınar Zarakolu","doi":"10.5578/mb.20249624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.20249624","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A sexually transmitted bacterium, Mycoplasma genitalium has varying rates of reported resistance to macrolide and some fluoroquinolone group antimicrobials recommended for the treatment of its infections. It is currently recommended that the treatment of these must be planned according to macrolide resistance status. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of macrolide resistance associated mutations (MRM) and fluoroquinolone resistance associated mutations (QRM) in patients infected with M.genitalium. Sixty-one patients who were ≥ 18 years old, presented to our outpatient clinic between March 2017-March 2022, had symptoms of urethritis/cervicitis according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition were included in the study. By nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), the presence of M.genitalium (Mycoplasma-Ureaplasma-OSR for BD MAX, BioGX, the Netherlands) as well as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis (BDMAX system, BD Diagnostics, USA) in the first stream urine samples was determined. Patients' age, gender, sexual orientation if indicated, diagnostic test results for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis, history of antibiotic use in the last three months, presence of concomitant microorganisms detected by NAAT and urine culture results of the symptomatic period were also recorded. Urine samples in which M.genitalium was detected were stored at -80 °C until the study day. On the study day, they were thawed and a modified real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR) test was performed targeting the V region (147 bp) of the 23S rRNA gene for MRM and gyrA (nucleotides 172-402), gyrB (nucleotides 1256-1480), parC (nucleotides 164-483) and parE (nucleotides 1210-1489) gene regions for QRM. IBM SPSS 25 (IBM Inc., Armonk, NY, USA) software was used for descriptive statistical analysis of the patient data. Of the patients; 49 were male, 12 were female. The age range was 20-57 years. Sexual orientation of 15 (30.6%) male patients was men who have sex with men (MSM). Sixteen (26.2%) were individuals living with HIV and 14 (87.5%) were MSM. Four patients had previous syphilis infection. By NAAT, a second microorganism was present in 30 patients with M.genitalium; Ureaplasma urealyticum in 27 (90%), C.trachomatis in two (6.7%) and N.gonorrhoeae in one (3.3%) patient. Urine cultures performed in 42 (68.8%) of 61 patients during the symptomatic period yielded Lactobacillus delbrueckii in one patient. Eighteen (29.5%) patients had a history of antimicrobial use in the last three months. Macrolide resistance associated mutations was detected in 45 (73.8%) and QRM in 20 (32.8%) of M.genitalium infected individuals. Of those with MRM, 17 (37.8%) had concurrent QRM. Macrolide resistance associated mutations were detected at positions A2071G (75.6%) and A2072G (24.4%) in the 23S rRNA gene. The presence of QRM was detected in parC (85%) and gyrA regions (15%). C234T mutation in parC","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 4","pages":"353-365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Investigation of Resistance Nodulation Division (RND) Efflux Pump and OPRD Expression Levels in Antibiotic Resistance of Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates].","authors":"Muhammed Furkan Kürkçü, Tuğba Fatsa, Elif Seren Tanriverdi, Hasan Karakuş, Tuğrul Hoşbul, Barış Otlu","doi":"10.5578/mb.20249666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.20249666","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The increasing antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, responsible for both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections, is of global significance. The primary mechanisms contributing to resistance development in P.aeruginosa include the increased activity of efflux pumps, decreased permeability of outer membrane porins and the production of carbapenemases. This study aimed to determine the effects of resistance nodulation division (RND) efflux pumps, outer membrane porin D (OprD) outer membrane protein and carbapenemase production on the development of resistance to different antibiotics in P.aeruginosa isolates. Eighty P.aeruginosa isolates obtained from clinical samples in our hospital between 2019 and 2021 were included in the study. Species-level identification of the isolates was performed using MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined using the VITEK® 2 (bioMérieux, France) system according to the criteria of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The expression levels of the outer membrane porin protein OprD and the regulatory genes of efflux pumps (mexB, mexC, mexE, and mexX) were investigated using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Rt-qPCR). The rpsL gene was used as the reference gene and P.aeruginosa PAO1 strain was used as the control strain in Rt-qPCR. Comparative expression analysis was calculated using the delta-delta cycle threshold (ΔΔCt) method. The presence of blaOXA-48, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaKPC and blaOXA-10 was investigated by PCR. Clonal relationships among the isolates were determined by AP-PCR using the M13 primer. Band profiles were analyzed using GelCompar II (Applied Maths) software. Decreased OprD expression was detected in 63.7% of the isolates and 74% of carbapenem-resistant isolates. The decrease in OprD expression was found to be significant only between the carbapenem-susceptible (n= 30) and carbapenem-resistant (n= 50) groups (p= 0.014). The overexpression rate of mexB was 82% in carbapenem-resistant isolates and 33% in carbapenem-susceptible isolates; 76.6% in multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates and 45.5% in non-MDR isolates (p= 0.001 and p= 0.004, respectively). The overexpression rate of mexX was 68% and 40% in the amikacin-resistant and susceptible groups, respectively; and 64.3% and 40.4% in the gentamicin-resistant and susceptible groups, respectively (p= 0.02 and p= 0.041, respectively). Overexpression of mexX was found in 61.7% of MDR isolates and 30.3% of non-MDR isolates (p= 0.006). No significant difference was found in the expression of mexC and mexE between antibiotic-susceptible and resistant groups. While blaOXA-10 was detected in 32% (16/50) of carbapenem-resistant isolates, blaOXA-48, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaKPC were not detected in any of the isolates. AP-PCR analysis identified 64 different genotypes and no dominant genotype was observed. The isola","PeriodicalId":18509,"journal":{"name":"Mikrobiyoloji bulteni","volume":"58 4","pages":"393-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}