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Performance comparison of two Wolter Type II telescopes in the vacuum ultraviolet 两个Wolter II型望远镜在真空紫外波段的性能比较
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mf8
D. Leviton, Geraldine A. Wright, R. Thomas, J. Davila, G. L. Epstein
{"title":"Performance comparison of two Wolter Type II telescopes in the vacuum ultraviolet","authors":"D. Leviton, Geraldine A. Wright, R. Thomas, J. Davila, G. L. Epstein","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mf8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mf8","url":null,"abstract":"The SERTS-A and SERTS-C solar telescopes are examples of Wolter Type II glancing incidence telescopes built for flight1,2 on sounding rockets to study active regions on the sun in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength range 24-45 nm. Improvements in computer-controlled polishing technology at GSFC have led to the SERTS-C telescope which has substantially improved throughput and angular resolution in that wavelength range over the earlier SERTS-A. While both telescopes are diffraction-limited in the visible, preventing an obvious selection of the better telescope for flight, laboratory results in the far ultraviolet were used to make the selection and flight data are shown to illuminate these advances.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122340419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On-Orbit Performance of the HST Fine Guidance Sensors HST精细制导传感器在轨性能研究
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mf3
D. J. Eaton, R. Whittlesey, Bruce Allen, R. Stoll, L. Abramowicz-Reed, R. Basedow, M. Margulies
{"title":"On-Orbit Performance of the HST Fine Guidance Sensors","authors":"D. J. Eaton, R. Whittlesey, Bruce Allen, R. Stoll, L. Abramowicz-Reed, R. Basedow, M. Margulies","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mf3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mf3","url":null,"abstract":"The three Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS's) of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have two principal functions: 1) providing an absolute pointing reference to the telescope pointing control system, and 2) serving as an astrometry instrument.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122940339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Silicon Carbide Telescope Mirrors 碳化硅望远镜镜
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.tuc6
J. Arnold, M. J. Laughlin
{"title":"Silicon Carbide Telescope Mirrors","authors":"J. Arnold, M. J. Laughlin","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.tuc6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.tuc6","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for \"exotic\" telescope mirrors for space applications has prompted the examination of alternate materials and fabrication approaches. These mirrors must not only have the finely finished, precise, and stable optical surfaces generally characteristic of telescope mirrors, but they must also possess high stiffness and natural frequency and low mass or areal density. A highly efficient substrate structure is, therefore, an implicit requirement. Traditionally, mirrors have been made from glassy materials that are easily figured and polished, are thermally stable, have poor structural properties and are not amenable to fabrication into efficient structural configurations. Clearly, improved material properties and structural configurations could both reduce the mass and improve the structural characteristics of mirror substrates. A unique precision forming process developed by United Technologies Optical Systems can produce precise, complex, thin-section, monolithic formations of silicon carbide (SiC) that combine excellent material properties and highly efficient structural characteristics and offers the potential to achieve the lightweight, high performance telescope mirrors required for space. An example of this technology is shown by the inset photograph.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121060769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tunable birefringent filters using liquid crystals 液晶可调双折射滤光片
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tud3
P. Miller
{"title":"Tunable birefringent filters using liquid crystals","authors":"P. Miller","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tud3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tud3","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid crystal materials may allow the construction of rapidly tunable filters with a variety of bandwidths. These filters would be built as birefringence filters which use the electro-optic properties of liquid crystals to achieve tunability. The most common liquid crystal device is the twisted-nematic cell, but the device of interest to us is called a 'flat-field' or non-twisted cell.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128679237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proposed Wavemeter for Spaceborne Laser Tuning Applications 星载激光调谐应用的拟议波长计
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb23
J. H. Goad
{"title":"Proposed Wavemeter for Spaceborne Laser Tuning Applications","authors":"J. H. Goad","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb23","url":null,"abstract":"A wavemeter is being developed to measure the wavelength centroids of two tunable Alexandrite lasers. These lasers are tuned on-line and off-line in a DIAL experiment to measure the vertical profiles of atmospheric water vapor and aerosols. The LASE (NASA-Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment) instrument will be operated in a down-looking mode from a NASA ER-2 aircraft.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121971375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calibration of the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Camera 哈勃太空望远镜暗天体相机的校准
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb20
P. Greenfield, D. Giaretta, C. Heaps
{"title":"Calibration of the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Camera","authors":"P. Greenfield, D. Giaretta, C. Heaps","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb20","url":null,"abstract":"We will briefly describe the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Camera (FOC) and its operation, and the problems and solutions in calibrating it. The FOC is a photon counting imaging system with two different detectors in two different optical relays capable of f/96, f/288, or f/48 mode imaging, the last mode having a long slit spectrograph capability also (Ref. 1). The detectors (shown schematically in Figure 1), by and large the source of calibration difficulties, detect and store photons by using a three stage image intensifier with bialkalii photocathodes coupled with a television tube followed by signal processing electronics to recognize photon events. As photon events are recognized, they are stored in a digital memory which accumulates the image. The detector is capable of imaging sections of the focal plane photocathode in a wide variety of sizes and offsets (referred to as video formats). The largest has dimensions of 512 by 1024 pixels and covers a 44” by 44” area of the sky (f/48 relay).","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114337560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
POINTS: A Stringent Test of General Relativity 要点:广义相对论的严格检验
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tub3
J. Chandler, R. Babcock, R. D. Reasenberg
{"title":"POINTS: A Stringent Test of General Relativity","authors":"J. Chandler, R. Babcock, R. D. Reasenberg","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tub3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tub3","url":null,"abstract":"We present the results of several numerically simulated missions of an orbiting astrometric dual optical interferometer (Reasenberg, in this Digest). The second-order relativistic light deflection, that is, the part associated with terms in the metric proportional to the second power of the solar potential, has been shown to be about 10 microarcseconds (μas) for a Sun-grazing ray (Epstein and Shapiro [1980], Fischbach and Freeman [1980], Richter and Matzner [1982]). Thus, the 5-μas nominal measurement accuracy of POINTS would bring us to the threshold of a new kind of test of general relativity.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126950841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innovations in Optical Technologies for Extreme Ultraviolet Astronomy 极紫外天文学光学技术的创新
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tuc2
S. Bowyer
{"title":"Innovations in Optical Technologies for Extreme Ultraviolet Astronomy","authors":"S. Bowyer","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tuc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tuc2","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) astronomy has been a late arrival to the scene of space astronomy. Part of the reason for this was an incorrect appraisal of incomplete astronomical knowledge, which lead to the belief that, intrinsically, this kind of astronomy could not be carried out. Equally important was the lack of appropriate optical technologies for this field.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130513309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coronagraphic Methods for Direct Imaging of Extra-Solar Planets 直接成像太阳系外行星的日冕法
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wa1
R. Terrile
{"title":"Coronagraphic Methods for Direct Imaging of Extra-Solar Planets","authors":"R. Terrile","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wa1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wa1","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of directly detecting the presence of planets around the nearby stars is one of great scientific interest and extreme difficulty. At visible wavelengths a Jupiter-sized planet around a nearby star 5 parsecs away is about one billion times fainter than the parent star and only 1 arcsec away. To extract such a small signal out of the background of scattered and diffracted light from the central star requires extraordinarily smooth optics at mid-spatial frequencies with instrumentation designed to reduce diffracted light.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131465918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Orbit Performance of the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance System Operating in the Coarse Track Mode 粗轨模式下哈勃空间望远镜精细制导系统的轨道性能研究
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mf1
R. Whittlesey
{"title":"On Orbit Performance of the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance System Operating in the Coarse Track Mode","authors":"R. Whittlesey","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mf1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mf1","url":null,"abstract":"The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Fine Guidance System (FGS) was designed and demonstrated to provide a robust Coarse Track capability with a pointing accuracy of .02 arc second rms when tracking a Mv 14.5 star. Orbital data indicates that tracking performance varies from .02 to .065 arc second (Bely and Liu). Two HST hardware characteristics are identified as contributing to the higher than expected pointing errors. High jitter levels are induced by Solar Array Assembly mechanical shocks during and following day/night orbital transitions. Reduced signal to noise performance occurs in the Coarse Track control loop because of the spherically aberrated images from the telescope optics. A Computer simulation has been developed to investigate the operation of the Coarse Track mode performance and to determine if performance can be enhanced by modification of up-link control variables.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131005756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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