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Advanced Fabrication Method for Corrective Telescope Optics 望远镜光学校正的先进制造方法
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mc3
G. Gunnarsson, C. G. Hull-Allen, O. Engelbrecht
{"title":"Advanced Fabrication Method for Corrective Telescope Optics","authors":"G. Gunnarsson, C. G. Hull-Allen, O. Engelbrecht","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mc3","url":null,"abstract":"Corrective optics for aberrated telescope systems are a relatively inexpensive way to improve image performance. Both refractive and reflective corrective components may be used. Work is currently being performed on the fabrication of the Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement, COSTAR, program. This paper discusses the fabrication methods used to produce the non-spherical COSTAR optics. The overall fabrication strategy is presented first followed by a detailed discussion on the polishing approaches. Finally, metrology results and convergence data of the polishing process are presented.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122502957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of a silicon carbide telescope mirror for the vacuum ultraviolet 对真空紫外线用碳化硅望远镜镜面的评估
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mf10
D. Leviton, T. Saha, Geraldine A. Wright, R. Keski-kuha, R. Boucarut
{"title":"Evaluation of a silicon carbide telescope mirror for the vacuum ultraviolet","authors":"D. Leviton, T. Saha, Geraldine A. Wright, R. Keski-kuha, R. Boucarut","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mf10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mf10","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluations of the SiC demonstration telescope mirror for the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) instrument for the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission have been carried out at the Diffraction Grating Evaluation Facility (DGEF)1 at Goddard Space Flight Center. These evaluations include: image quality at 124 nm; scatter into off-specular angles at 124 nm; visible image quality; figure assessment using a ZYGO Mark IV interferometer; microroughness evaluation of the surface using a WYKO optical interference heterodyne profilometer; and scatter photographs of the mirror surface illuminated with a collimated beam at off-specular angles. An analytical model of the vacuum ultraviolet experiments has been developed2 to predict the experimental outcomes. Experiments are described and results are compared to analytical predictions based on the surface metrologic data gathered.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127208572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Airborne Visible and Infrared Spectrometer 机载可见和红外光谱仪
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tha1
G. Vane
{"title":"Airborne Visible and Infrared Spectrometer","authors":"G. Vane","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tha1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tha1","url":null,"abstract":"Summary not available.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114912271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optical Calibration of the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors 哈勃空间望远镜精细制导传感器的光学校准
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mf2
L. Abramowicz-Reed, H. L. Hallock, W. Jefferys, G. Welter
{"title":"Optical Calibration of the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors","authors":"L. Abramowicz-Reed, H. L. Hallock, W. Jefferys, G. Welter","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mf2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mf2","url":null,"abstract":"Important objectives of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) mission are to place targets within a science instrument aperture to an accuracy of 10 milliarcseconds and to perform astrometric measurements to an accuracy of 2.7 milliarcseconds, rms. In order to achieve these goals, ground-to-orbit changes in magnification and optical distortion must be characterized for each erf the three Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS). An additional step, not presented in this paper, aligns the three FGSs to a common reference frame via the FGS-to-FGS alignment calibration. This paper identifies the sources of distortion, describes the calibration philosophy and pre-launch feasibility studies and finally, discusses on-orbit performance pertaining to the 10 milliarcsecond pointing requirement.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115000220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Evolution of Ground and Space based Optical Systems during the Past 30 Years 近30年来地面和空间光学系统的演变
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wc1
A. Meinel, M. Meinel
{"title":"Evolution of Ground and Space based Optical Systems during the Past 30 Years","authors":"A. Meinel, M. Meinel","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wc1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wc1","url":null,"abstract":"The challenge today seems to be shifting from the question of technological feasibility to one of affordability. The demands of terrestrial and space astronomers continue to grow as new exciting results are obtained from their explorations. For two decades no major advances in telescope size have occurred, the main activity being to exploit the 4-meter class telescopes and see how the Soviet 6-meter system performs. In the space arena A pent-up demand for a dozen astronomical telescopes larger than any now in operation has evolved during the past decade, but funding realities have been such that only one is actually under construction, the 10-m keck segmented mirror telescope. The European Southern Observatory countries have now announced a governmental commitment to build a 16-meter system consisting of four 8-meter telescopes. The world optical industry has developed capabilities that will permit 8-meter class optical telescopes that in turn promise significant advances in scientific capabilities, but few observatories appear to be able to afford them. There thus is a maximum effort to achieve major cost reductions to bring this new class into affordability.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128350504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Findings of Hubble Independent Optical Review Panel 哈勃独立光学评审小组的发现
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.ma1
D. Moore
{"title":"Findings of Hubble Independent Optical Review Panel","authors":"D. Moore","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.ma1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.ma1","url":null,"abstract":"Summary not available","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127804913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microstructure of Metal Coatings Deposited Using Ion Beam Deposition Processes 离子束沉积金属镀层的微观结构
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.tud6
D. Coulter, G. Al-Jumaily, N. Raouf
{"title":"Microstructure of Metal Coatings Deposited Using Ion Beam Deposition Processes","authors":"D. Coulter, G. Al-Jumaily, N. Raouf","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.tud6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.tud6","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between microstructure and film properties is the most important issue in the study of thin films and their applications. Microstructure of thin films can be influenced by many factors; most significant are the deposition process conditions, and the physical properties of the coating material. We have been interested in the investigation of the relationship between optical scattering and surface microroughness and finding optimum process conditions which yield lowest optical scattering. In this paper we present the results of our investigation of the microstructure of gold films using scanning tunneling electron microscopy (STEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116222823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Optical System for the On-Orbit Calibration of the Wide Field/Planetary Camera 大视场/行星相机在轨定标光学系统
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mc5
S. T. Smith
{"title":"Optical System for the On-Orbit Calibration of the Wide Field/Planetary Camera","authors":"S. T. Smith","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mc5","url":null,"abstract":"In order to perform photometric measurements of astronomical objects with the Wide Field/Planetary Camera (WF/PC), the relative pixel-to-pixel response as a function of wavelength must be calibrated for each of the eight WF/PC CCDs. The current on-orbit camera does this by taking streak flats, which are obtained by pointing the entire Hubble Space Telescope at the Pacific Ocean. The operational costs in performing calibrations in this manner are considerable. Therefore, an in-flight calibration system is being added to the Wide Field/Planetary Camera II. This system will provide uniform illumination across each of the eight CCD detectors in the Camera for a wavelength range of 122 nm to 1100 nm.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126111728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Thin Film Filters for the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Satellite 极紫外探测卫星用薄膜滤光片
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.pdp1
P. Vedder, J. Vallerga, O. Siegmund, R. Malina
{"title":"The Thin Film Filters for the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Satellite","authors":"P. Vedder, J. Vallerga, O. Siegmund, R. Malina","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.pdp1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.pdp1","url":null,"abstract":"The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite will conduct an all-sky survey in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) between 80 and 900 Å. The survey mission will be performed using three grazing incidence EUV telescopes equipped with microchannel plate (MCP) detectors. A fourth telescope will provide a deeper survey over a limited portion of the sky and contains three spectrometers for pointed EUV spectroscopic observations of selected objects. Thin film filters are used directly in front of the imaging MCP detectors to define four separate photometric bandpasses for the survey and act as order filters for the spectrometers.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131283400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Instrumentation for Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Extended Solar Corona 扩展日冕的紫外光谱仪器
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tuc1
J. Kohl
{"title":"Instrumentation for Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Extended Solar Corona","authors":"J. Kohl","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tuc1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tuc1","url":null,"abstract":"Instrumentation and plasma diagnostic techniques are being developed to obtain a detailed empirical description of solar wind acceleration regions at heights between the coronal base and about 10 solar radii from sun center (R⊙). The goal of this work is to determine a sufficient number of observational parameters to constrain, significantly, theories of solar wind acceleration, coronal heating and solar wind composition. Although a substantial amount of data on the electron density structure of the corona already exists, there are only isolated measurements of other critical plasma parameters, except for observations of regions near the base of the corona. Ultraviolet spectroscopy provides a capability to expand greatly the number of plasma parameters that can be specified by means of remote sensing techniques. Ultraviolet measurements of spectral line profiles determine the random velocity distributions and effective temperature of protons, minor ions and electrons. Ion densities, and chemical abundances are derivable from the collisional component of the observed resonant line intensities. Outflow velocities can be determined from Doppler shifts and Doppler dimming of spectral lines. The instruments which are being developed for remote sensing of the extended corona, consist of an occulted telescope system and a high resolution spectrometer. The basic design was proven on three sounding rocket flights. Initial data on proton temperatures, and solar wind outflow velocities for heliospheric heights between 1.5 and 3.5 solar radii from sun center have been obtained. More powerful instruments are being developed for Spartan (a shuttle deployed subsatellite) and for the SOHO Mission.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130943142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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