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A Space Station Millimeter Facility 空间站毫米设施
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1986-06-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb21
K. Weiler, B. Dennison, R. Bevilacqua, J. Spencer, K. Johnston
{"title":"A Space Station Millimeter Facility","authors":"K. Weiler, B. Dennison, R. Bevilacqua, J. Spencer, K. Johnston","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb21","url":null,"abstract":"The design and use of a large millimeter facility for construction on the planned Space Station (the Space Station Millimeter Facility, SSMF) will be described. A facility consisting of a number of small antennas distributed over the structure of the Station and linked to form a coherent interferometric array operating at millimeter-submillimeter wavelengths will have manifold applications in both basic and applied research. Earth surface surveying, atmospheric studies, communications research, and, especially, astronomy will be greatly enhanced by such an instrument.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125195355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The GSFC Diffraction Grating Evaluation Facility - Capabilities and Application GSFC衍射光栅评估设备-功能和应用
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tud4
D. Leviton, J. Osantowski
{"title":"The GSFC Diffraction Grating Evaluation Facility - Capabilities and Application","authors":"D. Leviton, J. Osantowski","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tud4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tud4","url":null,"abstract":"The Optical Research Section at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is developing the diffraction grating evaluation facility (DGEF) to evaluate the performance of new technology diffraction gratings for future space flight instrumentation. Because grating performance is most accurately assessed with the grating in the optical configuration for which it is designed, the DGEF has been devised to evaluate gratings in an optical breadboard scheme that emulates design concepts or design options. The working volume of the DGEF was sized to accomodate proposed spectrographic designs for future missions, e.g. Lyman or the Far Ultraviolet Spectrographic Explorer (FUSE), and second generation Space Telescope Instruments such as the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS).","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120939997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
USNO/RL Optical Interferometer Project USNO/RL光学干涉仪项目
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.tuc1
K. J. Johnson
{"title":"USNO/RL Optical Interferometer Project","authors":"K. J. Johnson","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.tuc1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.tuc1","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and U.S. Naval Observatory are engaged in fabricating optical interferometers for imaging and astrometry. This presentation will summarize the progress in these programs accomplished to date.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125274224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imaging Spectrograph for the Hubble Space Telescope 哈勃太空望远镜的成像光谱仪
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.thb1
M. Bottema
{"title":"Imaging Spectrograph for the Hubble Space Telescope","authors":"M. Bottema","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.thb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.thb1","url":null,"abstract":"The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) has been selected by NASA as a second-generation instrument for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Its main advantage over the first-generation spectrographs, i.e., the Faint-Object Spectrograph (FOS) and the Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS), lies in the use of area detectors. Two of these are 51.2 mm × 51.2 mm, 2048 × 2048 pixel Multiple-Anode Microchannel Arrays (MAMA), covering the wavelength ranges 105 nm - 170 nm (Band I, CsI photocathode) and 170 nm - 300 nm (Band II, CsTe photocathode). The other two are 55.3 mm × 55.3 mm, 2048 × 2048 pixel CCDs for the wavelength ranges 300 nm - 600 nm (Band III) and 550 nm - 1100 nm (Band IV). Each detector serves five or six different modes of operation, including low and medium-resolution first-orderspectral imaging (R = 1000 and R = 14,000), medium and high-resolution echelle modes (R = 15,000 and R = 120,000) and also a 50 arcsec × 50 arcsec camera. The optical system consists of a collimator, a grating/mirror wheel and separate refocussing optics for each individual mode. The collimator is an off-axis elliptical toroid, preceded by a 25-position slit selector.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125321031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A High Efficiency Coronagraph for Astronomical Applications 一种用于天文学的高效率日冕仪
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wa5
C. Ftaclas, E. Siebert, R. Terrile
{"title":"A High Efficiency Coronagraph for Astronomical Applications","authors":"C. Ftaclas, E. Siebert, R. Terrile","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wa5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wa5","url":null,"abstract":"Direct detection of extra-solar planetary systems is one of a class of astronomical problems requiring a significant reduction of diffracted light within a few arcseconds of a bright point source. Traditional approaches to diffraction reduction control have included pupil plane apodization, which extracts enormous penalties in effective collecting area to obtain small angle performance, and coronagraphs, in which high efficiency requires extensive occultation of the central source giving up a valuable portion of the field of view. We have developed a hybrid, high efficiency, coronagraph which is optimized for diffraction reduction within a few Airy radii of a bright unresolved source. The coronagraph utilizes a graded, or apodized transmission mask to occult the central source. Theoretical models have shown that the mask renders the Lyot stop more efficient while allowing some transmission very close to the parent star. For targets near the parent star we have found that the coronagraphic efficiency remains virtually independent of radius even when transmission losses through the mask are taken into account. Instead of being used to reduce the wings of a focal plane diffraction pattern, apodization is used in this design to reduce the diffraction wings of the pupil plane image. With a more compact pupil plane image, the application of a Lyot stop becomes much more efficient resulting in greatly improved performance without the loss of a valuable portion of the field of view. Theoretical results will be presented as well as data from a breadboard experiment.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116567633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An Array of Large Deployable Reflectors on the Moon 月球上的大型可展开反射器阵列
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb7
M. Scholl, J. Breckinridge, J. Scholl
{"title":"An Array of Large Deployable Reflectors on the Moon","authors":"M. Scholl, J. Breckinridge, J. Scholl","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb7","url":null,"abstract":"Exploration of planets both inside and outside the Solar System requires continued improvements in optical systems used to collect the light from the planet. Recently, the large deployable reflector1 (LDR) has been proposed as a novel telescope for infrared exploration. Thus, it is particularly suitable for the search for planets outside the Solar System or for more detailed remote exploration of the planets inside the Solar System. Infrared astronomy is more appropriately performed in space because the atmosphere attenuates IR radiation. The Space Station has been considered a suitable site for a single telescope. However, for an array of telescopes, a lunar site is preferable; it offers a rigid base, required either for interferometry or for phasing of individual telescopes.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122581260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Geometrical Ray-Tracing Calculations for a Space-Borne, Single-Aperture Astrometric Telescope Facility 星载单口径天文望远镜的几何光线追踪计算
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb14
A. Buffington, E. Mendoza
{"title":"Geometrical Ray-Tracing Calculations for a Space-Borne, Single-Aperture Astrometric Telescope Facility","authors":"A. Buffington, E. Mendoza","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb14","url":null,"abstract":"A 1.5 m telescope in space could achieve unprecedented differential astrometric precision, using essentially present-day technology. A Ronchi ruling in the prime focal plane moves over the images, and photoelectric detectors view the modulated starlight to determine angles between the target and reference stars within a 5 arcminute radius. A 10 microarcsecond precision can be achieved, after about an hour s integration time, for 13th magnitude targets. Such a telescope, operating over 20 years, could detect planets around nearby stars, and make major contributions to other stellar and galactic problems (Levy et al. 1986, 1987).","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130490981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cryogenic Performance of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility Prototype Secondary Mirror Assembly 空间红外望远镜设施原型副镜组件的低温性能
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.tub3
M. Stier, J. Doyle, M. Duffy, K. S. Gottschalck, S. Gullapalli, J. Neuner
{"title":"Cryogenic Performance of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility Prototype Secondary Mirror Assembly","authors":"M. Stier, J. Doyle, M. Duffy, K. S. Gottschalck, S. Gullapalli, J. Neuner","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.tub3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.tub3","url":null,"abstract":"The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), planned for an early 21st century launch, is the fourth of NASA's Great Observatories. It contains a 1-meter class Ritchey-Chretien telescope, all of whose components will be cryogenically cooled to superfluid helium temperatures. Achievement of diffraction-limited performance at wavelengths as short as 3 μm will likely require realignment of the secondary mirror following launch. Efficient use of SIRTF's limited cryogenic lifetime (5 years, with a sensitivity of 1 month/mW) requires a means for tilting the secondary mirror to rapidly relocate the telescope's line of sight and to map small regions of the sky. Furthermore, at the longest SIRTF wavelengths (200-1200 μm) the emission from the cooled telescope will be significant, thereby requiring the use of periodic tilt oscillations of the secondary mirror to modulate the signal.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129284262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polarization Imagery Obtained from the Space Shuttle 从航天飞机获得的偏振图像
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb13
W. Egan, V. Whitehead
{"title":"Polarization Imagery Obtained from the Space Shuttle","authors":"W. Egan, V. Whitehead","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb13","url":null,"abstract":"We have obtained Space Shuttle based imagery of an area of the Pacific that includes the island of Hawaii and adjacent sea and cloud areas. The imagery was obtained using two Hasselblad cameras with polarization sensing filters oriented to sense radiation polarized in mutually perpendicular directions. For the imagery obtained, the viewing plane is referenced to the principal plane defined by the solar incident and viewing directions. The range of camera acceptance angles was 40°. The phase angle to the center of the image was 142.9°, and imagery was obtained using type 2404 plus X aerographic and type 5036 Ektachrome films which were subsequently digitized at the LPL (Lunar Planetary Laboratory, NASA, Houston). Color separation in the digitized color imagery was achieved using Wratten filters for the blue, green and red. Relative photometry, and photometric differences for the mutually perpendicular polarizations are obtained permitting the absolute percent polarization to be determined.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116467469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A combined approach to HST wave-front distortion analysis 一种HST波前畸变综合分析方法
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mb5
Claude, F. Roddier
{"title":"A combined approach to HST wave-front distortion analysis","authors":"Claude, F. Roddier","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mb5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mb5","url":null,"abstract":"Stellar images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) at various focus positions have been analysed to estimate the wave-front distortion. Rather than using a single algorithm, we found that better results were obtained by combining the advantages of different algorithms, which also permitted us to avoid some of their pitfalls. Each algorithm was thoroughly tested on computer simulations and its performance was evaluated. Gershberg-Saxton iterations were used to recover the pupil geometry appropriate to each image. Error minimization algorithms were found to be more efficient to recover low-order Zemike aberration terms and were used to estimate defocus and spherical aberration. Phase retrieval techniques including a modification of the Misell algorithm were used to refine our wave-front error estimate. These algorithms are described in details in a JPL contract report [1], We summarize here the results obtained so far.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131352980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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