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Predicted X-Ray Performance of the AXAF Outer Mirror Pair AXAF外镜对x射线性能的预测
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.tue2
L. V. Van Speybroeck
{"title":"Predicted X-Ray Performance of the AXAF Outer Mirror Pair","authors":"L. V. Van Speybroeck","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.tue2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.tue2","url":null,"abstract":"The recently polished outer AXAF mirror pair soon will be tested at Marshall Space Flight Center's new x-ray facility. The expected performance is discussed.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133924469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technical challenges and science benefits of using astrometric devices to track laser-carrying spacecraft 使用天体测量设备跟踪携带激光的航天器的技术挑战和科学益处
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb15
B. L. Schumaker
{"title":"Technical challenges and science benefits of using astrometric devices to track laser-carrying spacecraft","authors":"B. L. Schumaker","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb15","url":null,"abstract":"Research and development related to the use of lasers for optical communication links with planetary spacecraft is now being pursued vigorously by NASA and other organizations worldwide. Baseline models envision a 1-Watt, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) firing through a 30-cm telescope aboard spacecraft as early as the late 1990's. At Saturn or Neptune, for example, such a laser would look to typical broadband astrometric detectors like a Sun-like star of apparent visual magnitude 12 or 15, respectively. JPL has been looking into the use of astrometric techniques to locate and track the angular motion of the spacecraft relative to nearby quasi - stationary stars or solar-system objects. This talk will discuss some of the technical challenges and advantages associated with the use of single-telescope (e.g., with Ronchi gratings) and interferometric astrometric techniques for tracking spacecraft, both from the ground and from space. Also to be discussed are some of the potential science benefits that would result from a laser on board a spacecraft and a precise astrometric tracking capability.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131818805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ultra-Violet Calibration Sources for the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera II 哈勃太空望远镜宽视场行星照相机II的紫外校准源
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mf6
L. N. Majorana, W. Morrow
{"title":"Ultra-Violet Calibration Sources for the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera II","authors":"L. N. Majorana, W. Morrow","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mf6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mf6","url":null,"abstract":"The recent difficulties with GOES satellites underline the importance of reliable calibration sources for space use. Even though the calibration component is a small fraction of the budget of any space qualified instrument, it's failure can result in a catastrophic loss of data.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123910781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Scattering Analysis Problems from Visible to X-ray 可见光到x射线的散射分析问题
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wa3
P. Glenn
{"title":"Scattering Analysis Problems from Visible to X-ray","authors":"P. Glenn","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wa3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wa3","url":null,"abstract":"Scattering due to optical surface imperfections manifests itself very differently in infra red, visible, extreme ultra violet, and X-ray systems. (In this context, we are limiting ourselves to relatively small angle scattering on the order of arc seconds or minutes, as opposed to wider angle stray light.) The differences are due not only to the very different radiation wavelengths, but also to the very different geometries required of the optical systems. For example, infra red and visible systems use conventional, near normal incidence optical surfaces, while X-ray systems use grazing incidence, near cylindrical surfaces. Extreme ultra violet systems can use surfaces which fit neither of these descriptions very well, and which have quickly changing curvatures and incidence angles.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114503575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The HST Fine Guidance Sensor Transfer Function and its Impact on Telescope Alignment and Guidance HST精密制导传感器传递函数及其对望远镜对准和制导的影响
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.ma4
C. Ftaclas, R. Basedow, A. Nonnenmacher, F. Weindling, D. Story, E. Nelan
{"title":"The HST Fine Guidance Sensor Transfer Function and its Impact on Telescope Alignment and Guidance","authors":"C. Ftaclas, R. Basedow, A. Nonnenmacher, F. Weindling, D. Story, E. Nelan","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.ma4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.ma4","url":null,"abstract":"The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) line of sight was required to be stabilized to better than 0.007 arcseconds rms in order to realize the resolution inherent in the width of the image core. Despite the redistribution of energy resulting from the presence of spherical aberration in the primary mirror, the image core remains small although with significantly less energy than that estimated for the as-built telescope. Therefore the pointing requirement for the current state of the telescope remains unchanged and, of course, would be imposed in any case when wavefront correctors are fitted to the telescope instruments. The line of sight is stabilized by a closed loop pointing control system based on a pointing error signal generated by the HST fine guidance sensors (FGS). An overview of this system as well as a description of the FGS’s can be found in references 1-3. Each of the three FGS work in a ninety degree annular segment (called a pickle) of the HST field of view and can interferometrically lock on to a star anywhere in the pickle. Two such locks are required simultaneously in order to point the telescope to the top level requirement while the third FGS is used for astrometry1-3. The system thus has redundancy and can perform science if all three sensors are working.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116424116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
HST Science Recovered by COSTAR 由COSTAR回收的HST科学
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.md1
H. Ford
{"title":"HST Science Recovered by COSTAR","authors":"H. Ford","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.md1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.md1","url":null,"abstract":"Corrective optics space telescope axial replacement (COSTAR) will restore the scientific performance of the Fair Object Camera, the Faint Object Spectrograph, and the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. The scientific programs that will be recovered by COSTAR are described.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123512627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optical challenges for the detection of extra-solar planets 探测太阳系外行星的光学挑战
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.tud1
A. Meinel, M. Meinel
{"title":"Optical challenges for the detection of extra-solar planets","authors":"A. Meinel, M. Meinel","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.tud1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.tud1","url":null,"abstract":"The next great goal for space exploration and discoveries is the discovery and characterization of planet systems about other stars. Spacecraft have visited all the planets of the Solar System except Pluto. The final step, a flyby or rendezvous with this interesting double planet is now being given serious consideration. What's next? Do some other stars have planets? And if so, are they like our Solar System planets? Are there any like the Earth?","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117248769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Theoretical Basis and Significance of Polarization in Remote Sensing 偏振在遥感中的理论基础与意义
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tha3
W. Egan, V. Whitehead
{"title":"Theoretical Basis and Significance of Polarization in Remote Sensing","authors":"W. Egan, V. Whitehead","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tha3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tha3","url":null,"abstract":"In the visible range, sunlight that is scattered from planetary and terrestrial surfaces becomes polarized. The amount of polarization and the plane of polarization is a function of the incident and scattered radiation directions, the scattering surface structure and its optical complex index of refraction. The wavelength dependence of polarization is implicit in the aforementioned parameters. When one speaks of polarization, one refers to plane polarization, which is the dominant form in nature. Circular and elliptical polarization also occurs, but is more difficult to detect: it results from scattering/reflection from high imaginary index (high absorption) materials, which produce a significant phase change in the quadrature component of scattered radiation.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128160418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
HST Aberrations and Alignment Determined by Phase Retrieval Algorithms 相位检索算法确定的HST像差和对准
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mb3
J. Fienup
{"title":"HST Aberrations and Alignment Determined by Phase Retrieval Algorithms","authors":"J. Fienup","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mb3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mb3","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to determine very precisely the aberrations of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in order to (1) design correction optics to be included in replacement instruments, (2) align the secondary mirror of the HST’s Optical Telescope Assembly (OTA) and (3) form an analytic model of the system point-spread function (PSF) that can be used for image deblurring until the telescope is repaired.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127026562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Recent Developments in Structural Composite Mirror Technology for Space Telescopes 空间望远镜结构复合反射镜技术的最新进展
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.tuc7
R. Freeland
{"title":"Recent Developments in Structural Composite Mirror Technology for Space Telescopes","authors":"R. Freeland","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.tuc7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.tuc7","url":null,"abstract":"Lightweight, low-cost, high-precision mirrors are needed to accommodate a number of near-term and far-term submillimeter, space-based astronomical telescopes. These telescopes range in size from 3 to 20 meters, and possibly larger. They will utilize mirrors from 1 to 2 meters in size with surface precision from 1 to 3 μm rms while operating in a thermal environment somewhere between 100 and 200°K. Examples of such potential missions would include the Submillimeter Imager and Line Survey (SMILS) and the Large Deployable Reflector (LDR).","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130163229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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