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Science Recovery with the HST WFPC-2 Camera System 科学恢复与HST WFPC-2相机系统
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.md2
J. Trauger
{"title":"Science Recovery with the HST WFPC-2 Camera System","authors":"J. Trauger","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.md2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.md2","url":null,"abstract":"The second Wide Field and Planetary Camera (WFPC-2) was already in development when the large surface figure error was discovered in the HST primary mirror. The WFPC-2 was envisioned as a backup for the original WFPC launched aboard the HST, designed for on-orbit replacement of the WFPC during a Shuttle servicing mission. WFPC-2 incorporates evolutionary improvements in the CCD sensor technology, the complement of 48 photometric filters, and sensitivity at far-ultraviolet wavelengths. A servicing mission now scheduled for late 1993 will be our first opportunity to correct the HST aberrations through modified science instruments and to commence science programs which require high quality imaging. The success of this servicing mission in the eyes of the science community will require imaging capabilities close to those originally promised for HST.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132098323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Dynamic Components of a Phased Array Imaging System 相控阵成像系统的动态元件
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb4
D. Marker, D. Duneman
{"title":"The Dynamic Components of a Phased Array Imaging System","authors":"D. Marker, D. Duneman","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb4","url":null,"abstract":"The phased array telescope imager or Multipurpose Multiple Telescope Testbed (MMTT) contains several important dynamic components. These components are used to maintain the critical optical geometries required to coherently combine multiple telescope apertures. Here we describe the dynamic components that manipulate the optical geometry. A more complete optical and controls description can be found in the references. The experiment contains two dynamic systems. One is used to maintain beam tilt, beam piston, and pupil geometry while the other allows the sensor system to examine the entire field of view.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115562454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vacuum ultraviolet performance of a Wolter Type II telescope: theoretical and experimental results Wolter II型望远镜的真空紫外性能:理论与实验结果
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mf11
Geraldine A. Wright, D. Leviton, C. Fleetwood
{"title":"Vacuum ultraviolet performance of a Wolter Type II telescope: theoretical and experimental results","authors":"Geraldine A. Wright, D. Leviton, C. Fleetwood","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mf11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mf11","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers at Goddard Space Flight Center have been developing fabrication and testing techniques for glancing incidence mirrors for many years.1,2 We have also been developing analytical tools to predict performance of such mirrors from their measured surface data.3 The ability to predict imaging from surface metrology would allow us to set error budgets on the surface quality of glancing incidence mirrors to obtain any imaging requirement requested. Efforts have been ongoing to verify our imaging calculations by comparison with actual imaging tests. We have succeeded in verifying our calculations by comparing predictions of the imaging of the SERTS-C4 Wolter type II telescope with actual imaging tests at 1236 Å.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115652927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On-Orbit Performance of the HST Optical Telescope Assembly HST光学望远镜组件在轨性能
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.ma2
T. Facey, M. Krim, C. Ftaclas, L. Cernoch, G. Ruthven, R. Stoll
{"title":"On-Orbit Performance of the HST Optical Telescope Assembly","authors":"T. Facey, M. Krim, C. Ftaclas, L. Cernoch, G. Ruthven, R. Stoll","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.ma2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.ma2","url":null,"abstract":"In evaluating the performance of the Hubble Space Telescope, much attention has been directed to the source of spherical aberration in the primary mirror and its impact on mission performance. However, other characteristics of both the primary and secondary mirrors, such as other low-order Zemike aberrations, mid-spatial frequency ripple, and micro-roughness merit examination since they too are crucial to image quality and straylight performance. Performance predictions using ground metrology data agree with an assessment of the on-orbit image quality based on phase retrieval results using Wide Field/Planetary Camera (WF/PC) and Faint Object Camera (FOC) images together with Wavefront Sensor (WFS) and Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) data.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"C-20 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114123989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Overview of JPL Study of Optical Imaging Interferometry in Space JPL空间光学成像干涉测量研究综述
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tua2
S. Synnott
{"title":"Overview of JPL Study of Optical Imaging Interferometry in Space","authors":"S. Synnott","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tua2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tua2","url":null,"abstract":"JPL is currently engaged in a study for NASA of possible post-HST high resolution imaging systems in space. A near term goal of the study is to develop a technology development plan for NASA Headquarters, the implementation of which could help enable future interferometric space missions.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126669697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Evaluation of Photoelectrochemically Etched Gratings in GaAs 光电化学蚀刻光栅在砷化镓中的评价
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb19
D. Leviton, M. Carrabba
{"title":"The Evaluation of Photoelectrochemically Etched Gratings in GaAs","authors":"D. Leviton, M. Carrabba","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb19","url":null,"abstract":"The GSFC Diffraction Grating Evaluation Facility has recently been used to evaluate several sets of echelle gratings in crystalline GaAs fabricated at EIC Laboratories under a small business innovative research contract. New technology echelle gratings will be required to achieve science goals for future space missions such as Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. The amount of scattered light in the plane of dispersion of these gratings was measured for orders on blaze. Also, the distribution of energy into the gratings’ zero orders and orders around blaze was measured for determinations of relative groove efficiency and blaze angle. Although substrate quality would not always permit quantitative evaluation of image quality, images were examined qualitatively to locate problem areas in the grating fabrication process and to assess progress in the technology of photoelectrochemically etched gratings. Preliminary results indicate that the GaAs gratings are obviously blazed at or near angles predicted by theoretical considerations relating to crystallography and to the measured stoichiometry during the photoelectrochemical etching process.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117297880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Imaging Optical Interferometry Using Arrays of Spacecraft 航天器阵列成像光学干涉测量的作用
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tub6
R. Stachnik
{"title":"The Role of Imaging Optical Interferometry Using Arrays of Spacecraft","authors":"R. Stachnik","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tub6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tub6","url":null,"abstract":"A number of authors have suggested employing arrays of spacecraft for high spatial resolution optical aperture synthesis. This approach to imaging interferometry is in contrast to use of a monolithic structure to define the interferometer's optical geometry. The attractiveness of the multiple spacecraft approach stems from the possibility of achieving exceptionally high spatial resolution and of easily reconfiguring the array.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126700149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Full Aperture Metrology for High Precision Astrometry 高精度天体测量的全孔径测量
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tub5
R. Babcock, H. W. Marshall, R. D. Reasenberg, S. Reasenberg
{"title":"Full Aperture Metrology for High Precision Astrometry","authors":"R. Babcock, H. W. Marshall, R. D. Reasenberg, S. Reasenberg","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tub5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tub5","url":null,"abstract":"POINTS (Precision Optical INTerferometry in Space) is a proposed dual astrometric interferometer with a nominal measurement accuracy of 5 microarcseconds for pairs of stars approximately 90 degrees apart. Each interferometer measures the arc-second-scale offset of its optical axis from a target star, and a metrology system, described by Phillips and Reasenberg (in this Digest), measures the approximately 90 degree angle between the two interferometers. To achieve the nominal accuracy will require monitoring the positions of the critical optical elements to a few picometer (pm). Even with the most stable materials and active temperature control, the larger optical elements, especially the 25 cm primaries, will experience thermal distortions much larger than this limit. In one subsystem, required in both interferometers, a novel technique called full aperture metrology is used to measure the appropriate average optical path length and correct for any changes. Laser light is injected into the interferometer at the primary beamsplitter and follows the starlight paths, but in the reverse direction, illuminating the active area of each optical element back to the primary mirrors. Most of the metrology light is sent out toward the target stars, but shallow phase-contrast zone plates on the primaries focus a few percent of the metrology light to axial points near the specular foci of the mirrors. The two metrology beams are collimated by athermal lenses and interfere at an auxiliary beamsplitter. The phase of the interference measures the path length difference between the two arms of the interferometer and is used to drive a null servo.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124543413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Optics for the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Satellite 极紫外探测卫星光学
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb17
D. Finley, S. Bowyer, R. Malina
{"title":"Optics for the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer Satellite","authors":"D. Finley, S. Bowyer, R. Malina","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb17","url":null,"abstract":"The mission of the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) will be to perform an all-sky survey and produce a map of the sky in different EUV wavelength bands in the range of 70 to 900 A. Subsequent to the survey phase, pointed observations will be used for spectroscopic investigations of selected objects. The complement of scientific instruments consists of four telescopes, which are being produced by the University of California, Berkeley. The telescope optics use Wolter-Schwarzschild grazing incidence mirrors in order to achieve high throughput in the EUV, as well as good off-axis imaging.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123701676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Photometric Nonlinearity of the Faint Object Camera 暗物相机的光度非线性
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tud5
D. Giaretta, P. Greenfield, C. Heaps
{"title":"Photometric Nonlinearity of the Faint Object Camera","authors":"D. Giaretta, P. Greenfield, C. Heaps","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tud5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tud5","url":null,"abstract":"The Faint Object Camera (FOC) of the Hubble Space Telescope builds up an image by counting individual photons. The detector consists of a three-stage image intensifier coupled to a television camera. The video signal from the television camera is processed by a video processing unit (VPU) which attempts to locate the center of the amplified event in order to increment the appropriate memory location. At low light levels essentially all the events are counted, but at higher rates an increasing number are missed by confusion with overlapping events, or by rejection of a cluster of photons as being an ion event.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121215019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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