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Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing最新文献

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Solid-State Laser Technology: Tunable Sources for Emerging Aerospace Applications 固态激光技术:用于新兴航空航天应用的可调谐光源
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tha2
F. Allario, N. Barnes, A. Jalink
{"title":"Solid-State Laser Technology: Tunable Sources for Emerging Aerospace Applications","authors":"F. Allario, N. Barnes, A. Jalink","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tha2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tha2","url":null,"abstract":"Tunable, solid-state laser sources are rapidly emerging technologies, providing continuous coverage of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM) from the ultra-violet through the far infrared. These sources provide obvious advantages for remote sensing experiments from space platforms by providing high electrical-to-optical conversion efficiencies, long lifetimes, reduced weight and volume. Several space and aircraft systems are currently under development for experiments to improve understanding of the chemistry and dynamics of the terrestrial atmosphere, using solid-state laser sources. 1Flight experiments are currently planned in the late 80’s and early 90's. Three laser facilities are planned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), for the Space Station, Earth Observing System (Eos). Under NASA's Civil Space Technology Initiative (CSTI), technology in tunable solid-state laser sources is being developed; initially the focus was 6000 to 1000 nm. This range of the EM spectrum is adequately covered by titanium-doped sapphire, pumped in the green by Nd:based materials.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128673834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optical Design of a Zero Power Corrector for HST Simulators HST模拟器零功率校正器的光学设计
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.tue1
P. Davila, P. G. Hannan
{"title":"Optical Design of a Zero Power Corrector for HST Simulators","authors":"P. Davila, P. G. Hannan","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.tue1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.tue1","url":null,"abstract":"Images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) suffer from overcorrected spherical aberration1. The optical designs of the second generation instruments, such as the Wide Field/Planetary Camera (WFPC-2), the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), and the Near Infrared Camera (NIC), are being modified to correct or compensate the spherical aberration of the HST.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116158556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technique for vacuum ultraviolet image dissection 真空紫外图像解剖技术
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mf9
D. Leviton
{"title":"Technique for vacuum ultraviolet image dissection","authors":"D. Leviton","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mf9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mf9","url":null,"abstract":"Image evaluation for optical components in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) having subarcsecond resolution has been developed at the Goddard Space Flight Center's Diffraction Grating Evaluation Facility (DGEF)1 using raster scan image dissection. A microscopic, rectangular aperture2 is discretely positioned along scan lines throughout an image area and the light passing through it is detected to build up an image irradiance map. The technique simulates a \"one pixel at a time,\" VUV-sensitive, photon counting, area array detector with high dynamic range and pixel sizes down to below 2 um. Image statistics provide encircled energy and angular resolution profiles for imaging systems in the VUV. Comparisons of raytrace data and experimentally obtained images are presented.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132491784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Effects of Coatings on the Optical Scatter and Related Roughness of Coated Surfaces 涂层对光散射及涂层表面粗糙度的影响
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wa4
G. Al-Jumaily, J. McNeil
{"title":"Effects of Coatings on the Optical Scatter and Related Roughness of Coated Surfaces","authors":"G. Al-Jumaily, J. McNeil","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wa4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wa4","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of coatings on the optical scatter and surface microroughness have been investigated by many authors recently. In previous publications [1-3] we have presented experimental results which indicate that coated surfaces, under certain conditions, may be smoother than the bare substrate. For example, it was reported that coating a polished copper (Cu) surface with a thin, 0.1 to 1 um, Cu film caused a significant reduction optical scatter and related surface microroughness. Different factors such as film thickness, deposition conditions, and the microroughness of the substrate, determined the magnitude of surface smoothing. In this report we present experimental results that illustrate the role of deposition mechanism and substrate morphology in the smoothing of coated surfaces. A model for the smoothing process will be presented.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133938956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combining Beams in a Multi-Telescope Interferometer 多望远镜干涉仪中的光束组合
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb5
E. Ribak
{"title":"Combining Beams in a Multi-Telescope Interferometer","authors":"E. Ribak","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb5","url":null,"abstract":"An interferometer is under study that is comprised of a number of small telescopes mounted in the same structure. Fibre optics or a succession of mirrors lead the light from the foci of the telescopes to the vicinity of the detector, at which point one of the following schemes can be employed:","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116463302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Artificial Neural Network for Phase Recovery from HST Stellar Images HST恒星图像相位恢复的人工神经网络
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1991.mb4
D. Sandler, T. Barrett
{"title":"An Artificial Neural Network for Phase Recovery from HST Stellar Images","authors":"D. Sandler, T. Barrett","doi":"10.1364/soa.1991.mb4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mb4","url":null,"abstract":"During the last two years, we have developed and refined a novel approach to estimate phase distortion across an optical beam directly from focused images of starlight. The method, applicable to real-time atmospheric compensation of large telescopes using guide stars, relies on a nonlinear neural network processor to determine the phase from two distorted point spread functions, one at the exact focus of the telescope and one intentionally out of focus. Real-time phase retrieval is possible because the network is trained using simulated data to recognize and predict the near-field phase from the characteristic shapes and features of far-field images.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123975687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Large Deployable Reflector 大型可展开反射器
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wd3
P. Swanson
{"title":"Large Deployable Reflector","authors":"P. Swanson","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wd3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wd3","url":null,"abstract":"The Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) will be a 20 meter diameter, orbiting, reflecting telescope used to observe astronomical sources at wavelengths between 50 and 1000 urn. It must operate in space because the Earth's atmosphere is largely opaque in this spectral region. Because of its tremendous scientific potential, LDR was recommended by the Astronomy Survey Committee of the National Academy of Sciences as one of four major, national programs for the 1980's. It now appears that LDR will not be launched until near the turn of the century.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127818811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Comparison of Imaging Approaches for Extrasolar Planet Detection 系外行星探测成像方法的比较
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wa2
D. Diner, E. F. Tubbs, J. F. Appleby, V. Duval, S. Gaiser, Dayton L. Jones, R. Korechoff, E. Ribak, Jakob von Zyl
{"title":"Comparison of Imaging Approaches for Extrasolar Planet Detection","authors":"D. Diner, E. F. Tubbs, J. F. Appleby, V. Duval, S. Gaiser, Dayton L. Jones, R. Korechoff, E. Ribak, Jakob von Zyl","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wa2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wa2","url":null,"abstract":"We have been examining the optical performance requirements of systems capable of directly detecting Jupiter-like and Earth-like planets around nearby stars. The system requirements are driven by (1) the desire to observe a statistically significant stellar population, such that even a null result would have scientific value, (2) the extreme brightness contrast between the parent stars and their companions, and (3) the required sensitivity owing to the intrinsically faint planetary signals. By using detection and characterization of Earth-like planets as our ultimate objective, we plan to establish a technological target which can then be used to govern near-term developmental activities, including system designs to search for larger, brighter planets around the nearest stars. Since we have no a priori information as to how many planets may exist around a given star, imaging is deemed to provide the most robust method of searching. There are two methods of producing images: directly and interferometrically, and three wavelength regions to be considered: visible, infrared, and submillimeter. Our study includes this entire matrix of possible approaches.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114547013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Ultra-Sensitive Infrared and Visible Photon Detector 超灵敏红外和可见光光子探测器
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.tud1
R. Bharat
{"title":"Ultra-Sensitive Infrared and Visible Photon Detector","authors":"R. Bharat","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.tud1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.tud1","url":null,"abstract":"The Solid State Photomultiplier (SSPM) is a photon detector based on impurity band conduction (IBC) in semiconductors. The high internal gain (over 50,000) in the device and its fast response (rise time less than 10 ns) combine to permit the detection of single photons over a wide spectrum. The SSPM is a two-terminal device that can operate continuously with a dc bias, yielding an output current pulse for each detected photon. Quantum efficiencies of over 5036 have already been achieved at wavelengths of 0.45 and 20 micrometers using arsenic-doped silicon (Si:As) for the IBC region; even higher values are possible, not only through the addition of anti-reflection coatings but also by the design of device structures optimized for specific wavelength ranges. Currently available Si:As SSPMs operate best at temperatures between 6 and 10K. Pulse count rate densities in excess of 109 per cm2−s have been achieved when an SSPM of typical size (10−4 to 10−2 cm2) is used in conjunction with suitable readout electronics. As the amplitude of the output pulses is large compared to the noise of the readout electronics and the pulse height distribution is quite tight, processing of the output signals can be handled rather conveniently by digital computers without the need for analog-to-digital converters.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124303842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Ion Bombardment on the Environmental Durability of Metal Coatings 离子轰击对金属镀层环境耐久性的影响
Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/soa.1988.wb12
G. A. Al-Junaily, T. A. Mooney, A. Smajkiewicz
{"title":"Effects of Ion Bombardment on the Environmental Durability of Metal Coatings","authors":"G. A. Al-Junaily, T. A. Mooney, A. Smajkiewicz","doi":"10.1364/soa.1988.wb12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/soa.1988.wb12","url":null,"abstract":"Metal coatings are widely used as wide band reflectors for astronomical and laser applications. Optical components exposed to the environment such as telescope mirrors suffer from corrosion due to natural elements such as rain and wind. The deloyment of optical elements in space for scientific, military, and commercial applications makes it necessary to improve the lifetime, reliability, and tolerance to radiation of optical coatings. The benefits of improving the properties of optical coatings on the performance of optical telescopes are enormous.","PeriodicalId":184695,"journal":{"name":"Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129925772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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