Microbiome最新文献

{"title":"Metatranscriptomic analysis of the microbiota of tumor tissue in colon cancer.","authors":"Elena Buetas, Kelly Conde-Pérez, Ángel Concha, Catuxa Celeiro, José F Noguera, Germán Bou, Simón Pardiñas-López, Juan A Vallejo, Margarita Poza, Miguel Carda-Diéguez, Alex Mira","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02372-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02372-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, accounting for more than 900,000 deaths a year worldwide. Microbial dysbiosis, including the presence of oral bacteria in the gut, has been linked to CRC. Some mechanisms by which specific microorganisms potentially drive tumorigenesis have been described, but there is a lack of studies elucidating whole microbiota activity in the tumor and their implication for the development of the disease. Here, the metatranscriptomic data of tumor and control tissue-associated microbiota (n = 18 pairs), as well as from subgingival sulcus (n = 15) of CRC patients, was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We confirmed that Fusobacterium nucleatum was more active in the tumor tissue than in the control gut mucosa. In addition, the activity of this species was positively correlated with other oral bacteria in the tumors, including Parvimonas micra, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, and Granulicatella adiacens, along with gut bacteria like Hungatella hathewayi, suggesting a potential relationship among them. Regarding bacterial gene expression, a change in the functional profile was observed, including a higher expression of genes associated with carbon metabolism in control in contrast to an increase of amino acid-related genes in tumor. Furthermore, genes implicated in the biosynthesis and transport of lipopolysaccharide were increased in tumors. Interestingly, a significantly higher expression in tumor than control tissue of potential virulence factors from F. nucleatum was found, supporting their relevance in niche colonization and tumorigenesis. Correlation analysis of the bacterial activity with the host transcriptional profile showed significant correlations of the Fusobacterium-Peptostreptotoccus-Hungatella cluster with human genes involved in inflammation and metastasis, confirming the association of this microbial consortium with tumor development. For the first time, the gene expression profiles of oral bacteria in the gut and the oral cavity were compared. The cluster of co-active bacteria identified in tumors was partially found in the oral samples, suggesting a stable interaction and potential synergy. Although there were thousands of differentially expressed genes between subgingival sulcus and tumor tissue, the expression of key virulence factors was not significantly different.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In short, this study discovered new traits about tumor microbial-associated composition and activity and its connection with the oral composition that would be essential to unravel the translocation, colonization, and tumorigenesis of the CRC. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13218042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of western versus agrarian diet consumption on gut microbiome composition and immune dysfunction in people living with HIV in rural and urban Zimbabwe.","authors":"Angela Sofia Burkhart Colorado, Nichole M Nusbacher, John O'Connor, Tyson Marden, Janine Higgins, Charles Preston Neff, Suzanne Fiorillo, Thomas B Campbell, Margaret Borok, Kathryn Boyd, John Sterrett, Brent E Palmer, Catherine Lozupone","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02410-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02410-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People living with HIV (PLWH) suffer from chronic inflammation even with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). A high-fat, low-fiber western-type diet has been linked with inflammation, in part through gut microbiome changes. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), a region with high HIV burden, urbanization has been linked with a shift from traditional agrarian towards westernized diets, and with changes in food security. To explore the relationship between diet, inflammation, and the gut microbiome in PLWH, we enrolled 1) ART Naïve PLWH who provided samples before and after 24 weeks of ART, 2) PLWH on ART at both timepoints and 3) HIV-seronegative controls. Individuals were evenly recruited from rural and urban Zimbabwe. Using a food frequency survey designed to measure intake of agrarian versus western-type food items in Zimbabwe, we determined how diet differs with urbanization, HIV-infection and treatment, and is related to inflammation and the gut microbiome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals residing in a rural area of Zimbabwe less frequently consumed high-fat, low-fiber western type food items and had lower consumption of diverse food items overall, except for sadza, a subsistence staple, processed from home-grown grains. Consumption of a more western-type diet correlated with lower CD4 + T cell percentage in untreated and treated PLWH and increased T cell exhaustion in PLWH on ART. PLWH on ART at time of enrollment also consumed diverse food items at a lower frequency and more often were underweight. Low food consumption correlated with muted improvements in T cell exhaustion after 24 weeks of ART. Individuals residing in the rural area had more Prevotella-rich/Bacteroides-poor microbiomes, but this was not significantly mediated by diet. Carbohydrate substrate degradation capabilities in the microbiome, based on predictions made using metagenomic polysaccharide utilization loci, correlated with dietary intake patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Taken together, this work supports that consumption of more high-fat/low-fiber type food items has the potential to exacerbate HIV pathogenesis in a sub-Saharan setting where HIV burden is high and reinforces the importance of nutritional support for promoting immunologic response to ART in PLWH in SSA. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13339530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147931155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Human DNA levels in feces reflect gut inflammation and associate with presence of gut species in IBD patients across the age spectrum.","authors":"Chiara Mazzoni, Bracha-Lea Ochana, Esther Orlanski-Meyer, Ami Ben Ya'acov, Gili Focht, Esty Harpenas, Shimrit Shmorak, Oren Ledder, Raffi Lev-Tzion, Ruth Shemer, Eyal Shteyer, Yuval Dor, Moran Yassour","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02423-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02423-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13156846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Analysis of early childhood intestinal microbial dynamics in a continuous-flow bioreactor.","authors":"Alessandra Granato, Simone Renwick, Christopher Yau, Tiffany Kong, Michelle C Daigneault, Mikael Knip, Emma Allen-Vercoe, Jayne S Danska","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02424-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02424-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13156868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic genetic divergence and ecological viral communities shape the virome of Chilo suppressalis.","authors":"Jia-Bao Lu, Ying Tian, Yi-Yuan Li, Yu-Hua Qi, Fang He, Peng-Peng Ren, Hai-Jian Huang, Ji-Chong Zhuo, Qing-Ling Hu, Gang Lu, Qian-Zhuo Mao, Jian-Ping Chen, Jun-Min Li, Chuan-Xi Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02407-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02407-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insect-specific and insect-borne viruses (particularly RNA viruses) may pose a serious threat to global rice production. However, the effects of geographic genetic divergence and ecological viral communities in shaping insect viromes remain poorly understood. The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis-a notorious chewing pest widely distributed across China-serves as an ideal model to study RNA virus evolution and cross-species transmission dynamics in rice ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Meta-transcriptomic sequencing analysis of 48 C. suppressalis samples collected nationwide revealed four major geographic populations and identified 20 high-abundance viruses (15 novel). These include the widespread core virus Hangzhou sesamia inferens peribunyavirus 1 and Chilo suppressalis sedoreo-like virus 1, as well as several climate-adapted viruses that may represent extreme-environment specialists. Diversity analyses revealed that the geographic genetic divergence of C. suppressalis influences viral species composition but not the overall virome structure. Parallel sequencing of 5 Cotesia chilonis (endoparasitoid) samples revealed 8 high-abundance viruses (5 novel). Significant variations in distribution patterns, viral loads, and vsiRNA profiles within C. suppressalis-C. chilonis parasitic system suggested host-driven adaptive evolution of these viruses. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that sympatric species (such as Sesamia inferens and rice planthoppers) and their host plant, rice, significantly influence C. suppressalis virome composition, highlighting cross-kingdom viral transmission dynamics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study elucidates the synergistic roles of geographical divergence and ecological viral communities in driving virome diversity in C. suppressalis. Our findings advance the understanding of virus-host coevolution in agricultural ecosystems and provide a framework for developing integrated strategies targeting both insect pests and their viral pathogens in rice cultivation. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13173878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proanthocyanidins inhibit methane emissions by interacting with methyl-coenzyme M reductase and reshaping rumen microbiome function.","authors":"Zihao Liu, Yuming Guo, Li Xiao, Jian Guo, Yuxuan Chen, Hui Wang, Xuemei Nan, Mengting Zhou, Fan Zhang, Yue He, Zhixue Yu, Rong Wang, Zhuqing Ren, Jian Wu, Min Wang, Xiangfang Tang, Benhai Xiong","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02406-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02406-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enteric methane (CH₄) emissions from ruminants are a major source of agricultural greenhouse gases and represent an energy loss to the host. Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) is the terminal enzyme in methanogenesis and represents a key target for CH₄ mitigation. This study integrated computational screening, in vitro fermentation, and in vivo experiments to identify plant-derived compounds capable of reducing enteric CH₄.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular docking of 3,900 phytochemicals identified proanthocyanidins (PAC) as top candidate, exhibiting strong predicted affinity to the MCR active site (-8.150 kcal/mol). In vitro rumen fermentation assays showed that PAC supplementation reduced CH₄ production by 22% while increasing dry matter degradability. In lactating dairy cows, dietary PAC supplementation (10 or 20 g/kg dry matter) decreased daily CH₄ emissions by ~ 8%, and improved ruminal nitrogen utilization without affecting milk yield or ruminal volatile fatty acid production. Amplicon sequencing and metagenomic analyses revealed PAC supplementation shifts in rumen microbial community, characterized by increased relative abundance of Bacteroidota taxa and a decreased relative abundance of methanogenesis-related genes. Functional genes associated with carbohydrate, lipid, and nitrogen turnover were more abundant, indicating potential improvements in nutrient utilization. Consistent with these changes, untargeted metabolomics likewise identified shifts in metabolite profiles that may associated with alternative routes for utilizing reducing equivalents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides integrated computational, microbial, and physiological evidence that PAC supplementation can reduce enteric CH₄ emissions in lactating dairy cows, inducing rumen microbial and functional shifts and improving nitrogen utilization. These findings support the potential of PAC as a natural approach to lowering CH₄ emissions and advancing sustainable dairy production. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13281618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant LAB vector-based multicomponent vaccine against Campylobacter jejuni potentially promoting a healthier microbial balance in the poultry gut.","authors":"Prakash Biswas, Sakil Ahmed, Samiran Mondal, Samson Oladokun, Ozan Gundogdu, Amirul Islam Mallick","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02421-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02421-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarrheal diseases remain the second leading cause of preventable death globally, particularly among children under the age of 5 in developing countries, accounting for an estimated 2-3 million deaths annually. Among bacterial pathogens causing diarrheal illness, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) remains a major contributor, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). As a common gut pathogen, C. jejuni expresses several secretory or surface-expressed colonization proteins (SECPs), namely haemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp), valine glycine repeats G (VgrG), Campylobacter adhesion to fibronectin (CadF), fibronectin-like protein A (FlpA), and jejuni lipoprotein A (JlpA). Most of these proteins play pivotal roles in bacterial self-survival, host-cell adhesion, and invasion of avian and non-avian hosts. To minimize C. jejuni adhesion and subsequent colonization in the avian gut, we explored the potential of a multicomponent mucosal vaccine composed of CadF, Hcp, and JlpA protein of C. jejuni.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For this purpose, we bioengineered a food-grade Lactic Acid-producing Bacterium, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), to express three key immunogenic subunits of C. jejuni, CadF, Hcp, and JlpA. Utilizing this live vector-based multicomponent mucosal vaccine platform, we investigated the immunoprotective potential of these antigens in chickens. Since the particular strain of L. lactis is non-colonizing, we used chitosan, a natural mucoadhesive, biodegradable polymer, to microencapsulate the engineered bacteria and increase their gut retention time for optimal interaction with local immune cells. Our in vivo immunization study demonstrated that oral administration of this multicomponent vaccine formulation elicited a strong local antibody response (sIgA) (p < 0.0001) and upregulated key pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to robust mucosal immune protection (~ 1.54 log₁₀ reduction) against the cecal colonization of C. jejuni. Beyond targeting C. jejuni, we hypothesized that the vaccine may influence the overall gut microbiota, potentially promoting a healthier microbial balance in the poultry gut. To this end, gut metagenomic analysis of vaccinated birds revealed a marked reduction in the phylum Campylobacterota (~ 2-fold), accompanied by increased abundance of the phyla Bacteroidota, as part of a beneficial microbial community.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together, this study underscores the potential of a live vector-based, multicomponent mucosal vaccine as a promising, cost-effective strategy to reduce the cecal load of C. jejuni, potentially limiting the risk of foodborne transmission in poultry production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unleashing the potential of mRNA-seq to uncover the microbiome structure and their crosstalk with host cells: the vulvar ecosystem.","authors":"Emanuele Monteleone, Marco Amato Cianci, Alessia Albano, Federica Loperfido, Gloria Griffante, Luna Brasi, Fulvio Borella, Niccolò Gallio, Mario Preti, Alessandra Marchi, Barbara Gardella, Ivan Molineris, Giacomo Donati, Valentina Proserpio","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02420-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02420-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To describe both host gene expression and microbiome composition in a single sample, parallel experimental and computational workflows (mRNA-sequencing and either 16S rRNA gene or metagenomics) have been traditionally applied. The vulvar milieu represents an area of emerging research for its role in health and disease. Located at the interface between the vagina and the perineum, the vulvar microbiome displays an intermediate signature, with influx from both ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following validation of the reliability of poly(A)-enriched mRNA-sequencing in reconstructing the microbiota composition using both a quantitative microbial standard (mock) and metagenomic analysis, we analyze a full cohort of 30 healthy vulvar samples. Crucially, the analysis of the entire cohort relies solely on mRNA-sequencing without the use of parallel DNA metagenomics. This unified approach allows us to analyze not only the vulvar cell transcriptome, but also the composition and dynamics of microbial communities, including the microbial gene expression signatures. This three-level analysis (host-mRNA, individual bacterial species, bacterial gene pathways) on the very same specimens further enables a gene-level exploration of host-microbe molecular crosstalk. Using this unified framework, we reveal marked heterogeneity and high inter-individual variability in the vulvar microbiota, identifying community state types that mirror those described in the vagina. Importantly, we show that distinct microbial configurations are associated with specific host transcriptional programs: Lactobacillus crispatus correlates with epithelial differentiation and barrier integrity, whereas communities enriched in Gardnerella vaginalis, or other taxa associated with dysbiosis, exhibit transcriptional signatures linked to inflammation. Interestingly, Lactobacillus gasseri, which has been associated with lower protection, shows an intermediate effect on vulvar cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Beyond providing new biological insights into an understudied anatomical niche, our study introduces a broadly applicable strategy with substantial impact for the field. With tens of thousands of human RNA-seq datasets already available in public repositories, our approach enables retrospective extraction of microbiome information and host-microbe interaction signals from existing transcriptomic data, without the need for additional sequencing or specialized microbiome protocols. This unlocks a powerful and cost-effective opportunity to revisit archived RNA-seq studies across tissues, diseases, and low-biomass environments, revealing previously inaccessible layers of host-microbiome crosstalk and maximizing the scientific value of published data. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13154700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil pH as an external filter shaping stink bug-Burkholderia gut symbiosis.","authors":"Hideomi Itoh, Hiroyuki Shimoji, Daisuke Nakane, Seonghan Jang, Yoshitomo Kikuchi","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02402-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02402-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many animals and plants establish intimate symbiotic relationships with specific microorganisms acquired from the environment. Given the immense diversity of environmental microbiomes, selecting appropriate partners from such a vast microbial pool poses a critical challenge for host organisms. To meet this challenge, hosts have evolved sophisticated internal partner-choice mechanisms that ensure stable associations with beneficial microbes. However, because these symbionts primarily inhabit external environments, environmental conditions themselves are also expected to influence the establishment of symbiosis. Despite this expectation, the mechanistic role of external environmental filters in shaping the intended symbiosis remains largely unexplored. Focusing on stink bugs, which acquire their symbiotic bacteria from soil each generation, we investigated how soil properties influence the establishment of gut symbiosis in terrestrial insects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microbiome analyses confirmed that Burkholderia sensu lato overwhelmingly dominates a specific gut organ in six stink bug species from the superfamilies Coreoidea and Lygaeoidea, including serious agricultural pests (relative abundance ranging from 74.5 to 100%). Rearing experiments with isolated Burkholderia revealed that insects were strictly dependent on this symbiont; failure to acquire it from soil severely reduced host growth and reproduction, indicating that the availability of symbionts from soil can represent an ecological constraint. Field surveys identified patches of exceptionally high stink bug density in weedy fields with soil pH < 7.0, whereas such aggregations were absent in fields with pH ≥ 7.0. Laboratory experiments with collected field soils showed that the abundance of Burkholderia in soils was negatively correlated with soil pH, and stink bugs readily acquired their symbionts from soils with pH < 7.0 but rarely from soils with pH ≥ 7.0. Experimental manipulations of soil pH followed by rearing experiments confirmed that increasing soil pH to 7-8 markedly suppressed symbiont acquisition by the host, likely by impairing symbiont growth and motility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrate that, beyond host-intrinsic mechanisms, a soil chemical property can act as an externally filter that constrains symbiont acquisition prior to colonization inside the host in a stink bug-Burkholderia symbiosis. This finding highlights how local environmental conditions can shape the assembly of environmentally acquired insect-microbe symbioses. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics induce liver inflammation in cattle through the rumen microbiota-gut-liver axis.","authors":"Zhiqing Li, Yu Ge, Xinwei Ma, Shuyu Jiang, Zan Liang, Lei Liu, Yongle Luo, Chunqiu Xia, Hu Liu, Qianglin Liu, Jishan An, Zuo Wang, Xinyi Lan, Anwei Cheng, Weijun Shen, Fachun Wan","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02399-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02399-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microplastics (MP) pollution is widespread in livestock farming environments. Exposure to MP can impair the gastrointestinal barrier, alter the structure and metabolism of the microbiota, and subsequently lead to organ damage. MP not only hinder cattle farming but also enter the food chain, posing a potential risk. Polyethylene (PE), a type of MP commonly detected in ruminant feed, has not yet been studied for its specific effects on cattle. Using calves as an animal model, this study investigates how exposure to MP induces toxicity via the rumen microbiota-gut-liver axis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to MP impaired weight gain and liver development in cattle, altered liver tissue pathology, increased blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, and triggered a systemic inflammatory response, identifying the liver as the primary target organ. Inflammation was closely associated with the dysbiosis of rumen microbiota and metabolites. MP exposure also damages the barrier integrity of the rumen, jejunum, and colon. The underlying mechanism involves MP altering the rumen microbial composition, which in turn triggers metabolic disorders, activates LPS synthesis pathways, and inhibits tight junction protein expression in the jejunum and colon. Although MP do not cause significant architectural damage to muscle tissue, they disrupt lipid homeostasis and nutrient composition, thereby promoting the deposition of pro-inflammatory LPS within muscle tissue. Rumen fluid metabolomics analysis revealed that differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) pathway, with 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid and isovalerylglutamic acid being significantly correlated with levels of LPS, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Notably, the concurrent increase in TNF-α and LPS in both the bloodstream and liver, alongside altered blood metabolomics, indicates that MP induce hepatic damage by disrupting the rumen microbiota-gut-liver axis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that liver inflammatory injury was closely associated with NF-κB activation. Further mechanistic analysis supported the central role of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MP impair liver function in cattle by disrupting the rumen microbiota-gut-liver axis. This process involves the perturbation of rumen flora and intestinal barriers, triggering LPS translocation into the bloodstream, and ultimately causing liver damage. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}