Microbiome最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Human DNA levels in feces reflect gut inflammation and associate with presence of gut species in IBD patients across the age spectrum.","authors":"Chiara Mazzoni, Bracha-Lea Ochana, Esther Orlanski-Meyer, Ami Ben Ya'acov, Gili Focht, Esty Harpenas, Shimrit Shmorak, Oren Ledder, Raffi Lev-Tzion, Ruth Shemer, Eyal Shteyer, Yuval Dor, Moran Yassour","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02423-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-026-02423-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Analysis of early childhood intestinal microbial dynamics in a continuous-flow bioreactor.","authors":"Alessandra Granato, Simone Renwick, Christopher Yau, Tiffany Kong, Michelle C Daigneault, Mikael Knip, Emma Allen-Vercoe, Jayne S Danska","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02424-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-026-02424-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proanthocyanidins inhibit methane emissions by interacting with methyl-coenzyme M reductase and reshaping rumen microbiome function.","authors":"Zihao Liu, Yuming Guo, Li Xiao, Jian Guo, Yuxuan Chen, Hui Wang, Xuemei Nan, Mengting Zhou, Fan Zhang, Yue He, Zhixue Yu, Rong Wang, Zhuqing Ren, Jian Wu, Min Wang, Xiangfang Tang, Benhai Xiong","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02406-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-026-02406-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enteric methane (CH₄) emissions from ruminants are a major source of agricultural greenhouse gases and represent an energy loss to the host. Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) is the terminal enzyme in methanogenesis and represents a key target for CH₄ mitigation. This study integrated computational screening, in vitro fermentation, and in vivo experiments to identify plant-derived compounds capable of reducing enteric CH₄.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular docking of 3,900 phytochemicals identified proanthocyanidins (PAC) as top candidate, exhibiting strong predicted affinity to the MCR active site (-8.150 kcal/mol). In vitro rumen fermentation assays showed that PAC supplementation reduced CH₄ production by 22% while increasing dry matter degradability. In lactating dairy cows, dietary PAC supplementation (10 or 20 g/kg dry matter) decreased daily CH₄ emissions by ~ 8%, and improved ruminal nitrogen utilization without affecting milk yield or ruminal volatile fatty acid production. Amplicon sequencing and metagenomic analyses revealed PAC supplementation shifts in rumen microbial community, characterized by increased relative abundance of Bacteroidota taxa and a decreased relative abundance of methanogenesis-related genes. Functional genes associated with carbohydrate, lipid, and nitrogen turnover were more abundant, indicating potential improvements in nutrient utilization. Consistent with these changes, untargeted metabolomics likewise identified shifts in metabolite profiles that may associated with alternative routes for utilizing reducing equivalents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides integrated computational, microbial, and physiological evidence that PAC supplementation can reduce enteric CH₄ emissions in lactating dairy cows, inducing rumen microbial and functional shifts and improving nitrogen utilization. These findings support the potential of PAC as a natural approach to lowering CH₄ emissions and advancing sustainable dairy production. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic genetic divergence and ecological viral communities shape the virome of Chilo suppressalis.","authors":"Jia-Bao Lu, Ying Tian, Yi-Yuan Li, Yu-Hua Qi, Fang He, Peng-Peng Ren, Hai-Jian Huang, Ji-Chong Zhuo, Qing-Ling Hu, Gang Lu, Qian-Zhuo Mao, Jian-Ping Chen, Jun-Min Li, Chuan-Xi Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02407-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-026-02407-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insect-specific and insect-borne viruses (particularly RNA viruses) may pose a serious threat to global rice production. However, the effects of geographic genetic divergence and ecological viral communities in shaping insect viromes remain poorly understood. The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis-a notorious chewing pest widely distributed across China-serves as an ideal model to study RNA virus evolution and cross-species transmission dynamics in rice ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Meta-transcriptomic sequencing analysis of 48 C. suppressalis samples collected nationwide revealed four major geographic populations and identified 20 high-abundance viruses (15 novel). These include the widespread core virus Hangzhou sesamia inferens peribunyavirus 1 and Chilo suppressalis sedoreo-like virus 1, as well as several climate-adapted viruses that may represent extreme-environment specialists. Diversity analyses revealed that the geographic genetic divergence of C. suppressalis influences viral species composition but not the overall virome structure. Parallel sequencing of 5 Cotesia chilonis (endoparasitoid) samples revealed 8 high-abundance viruses (5 novel). Significant variations in distribution patterns, viral loads, and vsiRNA profiles within C. suppressalis-C. chilonis parasitic system suggested host-driven adaptive evolution of these viruses. Co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that sympatric species (such as Sesamia inferens and rice planthoppers) and their host plant, rice, significantly influence C. suppressalis virome composition, highlighting cross-kingdom viral transmission dynamics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study elucidates the synergistic roles of geographical divergence and ecological viral communities in driving virome diversity in C. suppressalis. Our findings advance the understanding of virus-host coevolution in agricultural ecosystems and provide a framework for developing integrated strategies targeting both insect pests and their viral pathogens in rice cultivation. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant LAB vector-based multicomponent vaccine against Campylobacter jejuni potentially promoting a healthier microbial balance in the poultry gut.","authors":"Prakash Biswas, Sakil Ahmed, Samiran Mondal, Samson Oladokun, Ozan Gundogdu, Amirul Islam Mallick","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02421-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-026-02421-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarrheal diseases remain the second leading cause of preventable death globally, particularly among children under the age of 5 in developing countries, accounting for an estimated 2-3 million deaths annually. Among bacterial pathogens causing diarrheal illness, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) remains a major contributor, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). As a common gut pathogen, C. jejuni expresses several secretory or surface-expressed colonization proteins (SECPs), namely haemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp), valine glycine repeats G (VgrG), Campylobacter adhesion to fibronectin (CadF), fibronectin-like protein A (FlpA), and jejuni lipoprotein A (JlpA). Most of these proteins play pivotal roles in bacterial self-survival, host-cell adhesion, and invasion of avian and non-avian hosts. To minimize C. jejuni adhesion and subsequent colonization in the avian gut, we explored the potential of a multicomponent mucosal vaccine composed of CadF, Hcp, and JlpA protein of C. jejuni.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For this purpose, we bioengineered a food-grade Lactic Acid-producing Bacterium, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), to express three key immunogenic subunits of C. jejuni, CadF, Hcp, and JlpA. Utilizing this live vector-based multicomponent mucosal vaccine platform, we investigated the immunoprotective potential of these antigens in chickens. Since the particular strain of L. lactis is non-colonizing, we used chitosan, a natural mucoadhesive, biodegradable polymer, to microencapsulate the engineered bacteria and increase their gut retention time for optimal interaction with local immune cells. Our in vivo immunization study demonstrated that oral administration of this multicomponent vaccine formulation elicited a strong local antibody response (sIgA) (p < 0.0001) and upregulated key pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to robust mucosal immune protection (~ 1.54 log₁₀ reduction) against the cecal colonization of C. jejuni. Beyond targeting C. jejuni, we hypothesized that the vaccine may influence the overall gut microbiota, potentially promoting a healthier microbial balance in the poultry gut. To this end, gut metagenomic analysis of vaccinated birds revealed a marked reduction in the phylum Campylobacterota (~ 2-fold), accompanied by increased abundance of the phyla Bacteroidota, as part of a beneficial microbial community.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together, this study underscores the potential of a live vector-based, multicomponent mucosal vaccine as a promising, cost-effective strategy to reduce the cecal load of C. jejuni, potentially limiting the risk of foodborne transmission in poultry production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unleashing the potential of mRNA-seq to uncover the microbiome structure and their crosstalk with host cells: the vulvar ecosystem.","authors":"Emanuele Monteleone, Marco Amato Cianci, Alessia Albano, Federica Loperfido, Gloria Griffante, Luna Brasi, Fulvio Borella, Niccolò Gallio, Mario Preti, Alessandra Marchi, Barbara Gardella, Ivan Molineris, Giacomo Donati, Valentina Proserpio","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02420-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02420-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To describe both host gene expression and microbiome composition in a single sample, parallel experimental and computational workflows (mRNA-sequencing and either 16S rRNA gene or metagenomics) have been traditionally applied. The vulvar milieu represents an area of emerging research for its role in health and disease. Located at the interface between the vagina and the perineum, the vulvar microbiome displays an intermediate signature, with influx from both ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following validation of the reliability of poly(A)-enriched mRNA-sequencing in reconstructing the microbiota composition using both a quantitative microbial standard (mock) and metagenomic analysis, we analyze a full cohort of 30 healthy vulvar samples. Crucially, the analysis of the entire cohort relies solely on mRNA-sequencing without the use of parallel DNA metagenomics. This unified approach allows us to analyze not only the vulvar cell transcriptome, but also the composition and dynamics of microbial communities, including the microbial gene expression signatures. This three-level analysis (host-mRNA, individual bacterial species, bacterial gene pathways) on the very same specimens further enables a gene-level exploration of host-microbe molecular crosstalk. Using this unified framework, we reveal marked heterogeneity and high inter-individual variability in the vulvar microbiota, identifying community state types that mirror those described in the vagina. Importantly, we show that distinct microbial configurations are associated with specific host transcriptional programs: Lactobacillus crispatus correlates with epithelial differentiation and barrier integrity, whereas communities enriched in Gardnerella vaginalis, or other taxa associated with dysbiosis, exhibit transcriptional signatures linked to inflammation. Interestingly, Lactobacillus gasseri, which has been associated with lower protection, shows an intermediate effect on vulvar cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Beyond providing new biological insights into an understudied anatomical niche, our study introduces a broadly applicable strategy with substantial impact for the field. With tens of thousands of human RNA-seq datasets already available in public repositories, our approach enables retrospective extraction of microbiome information and host-microbe interaction signals from existing transcriptomic data, without the need for additional sequencing or specialized microbiome protocols. This unlocks a powerful and cost-effective opportunity to revisit archived RNA-seq studies across tissues, diseases, and low-biomass environments, revealing previously inaccessible layers of host-microbiome crosstalk and maximizing the scientific value of published data. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil pH as an external filter shaping stink bug-Burkholderia gut symbiosis.","authors":"Hideomi Itoh, Hiroyuki Shimoji, Daisuke Nakane, Seonghan Jang, Yoshitomo Kikuchi","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02402-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-026-02402-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many animals and plants establish intimate symbiotic relationships with specific microorganisms acquired from the environment. Given the immense diversity of environmental microbiomes, selecting appropriate partners from such a vast microbial pool poses a critical challenge for host organisms. To meet this challenge, hosts have evolved sophisticated internal partner-choice mechanisms that ensure stable associations with beneficial microbes. However, because these symbionts primarily inhabit external environments, environmental conditions themselves are also expected to influence the establishment of symbiosis. Despite this expectation, the mechanistic role of external environmental filters in shaping the intended symbiosis remains largely unexplored. Focusing on stink bugs, which acquire their symbiotic bacteria from soil each generation, we investigated how soil properties influence the establishment of gut symbiosis in terrestrial insects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microbiome analyses confirmed that Burkholderia sensu lato overwhelmingly dominates a specific gut organ in six stink bug species from the superfamilies Coreoidea and Lygaeoidea, including serious agricultural pests (relative abundance ranging from 74.5 to 100%). Rearing experiments with isolated Burkholderia revealed that insects were strictly dependent on this symbiont; failure to acquire it from soil severely reduced host growth and reproduction, indicating that the availability of symbionts from soil can represent an ecological constraint. Field surveys identified patches of exceptionally high stink bug density in weedy fields with soil pH < 7.0, whereas such aggregations were absent in fields with pH ≥ 7.0. Laboratory experiments with collected field soils showed that the abundance of Burkholderia in soils was negatively correlated with soil pH, and stink bugs readily acquired their symbionts from soils with pH < 7.0 but rarely from soils with pH ≥ 7.0. Experimental manipulations of soil pH followed by rearing experiments confirmed that increasing soil pH to 7-8 markedly suppressed symbiont acquisition by the host, likely by impairing symbiont growth and motility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrate that, beyond host-intrinsic mechanisms, a soil chemical property can act as an externally filter that constrains symbiont acquisition prior to colonization inside the host in a stink bug-Burkholderia symbiosis. This finding highlights how local environmental conditions can shape the assembly of environmentally acquired insect-microbe symbioses. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13151246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics induce liver inflammation in cattle through the rumen microbiota-gut-liver axis.","authors":"Zhiqing Li, Yu Ge, Xinwei Ma, Shuyu Jiang, Zan Liang, Lei Liu, Yongle Luo, Chunqiu Xia, Hu Liu, Qianglin Liu, Jishan An, Zuo Wang, Xinyi Lan, Anwei Cheng, Weijun Shen, Fachun Wan","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02399-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-026-02399-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microplastics (MP) pollution is widespread in livestock farming environments. Exposure to MP can impair the gastrointestinal barrier, alter the structure and metabolism of the microbiota, and subsequently lead to organ damage. MP not only hinder cattle farming but also enter the food chain, posing a potential risk. Polyethylene (PE), a type of MP commonly detected in ruminant feed, has not yet been studied for its specific effects on cattle. Using calves as an animal model, this study investigates how exposure to MP induces toxicity via the rumen microbiota-gut-liver axis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to MP impaired weight gain and liver development in cattle, altered liver tissue pathology, increased blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, and triggered a systemic inflammatory response, identifying the liver as the primary target organ. Inflammation was closely associated with the dysbiosis of rumen microbiota and metabolites. MP exposure also damages the barrier integrity of the rumen, jejunum, and colon. The underlying mechanism involves MP altering the rumen microbial composition, which in turn triggers metabolic disorders, activates LPS synthesis pathways, and inhibits tight junction protein expression in the jejunum and colon. Although MP do not cause significant architectural damage to muscle tissue, they disrupt lipid homeostasis and nutrient composition, thereby promoting the deposition of pro-inflammatory LPS within muscle tissue. Rumen fluid metabolomics analysis revealed that differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) pathway, with 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid and isovalerylglutamic acid being significantly correlated with levels of LPS, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Notably, the concurrent increase in TNF-α and LPS in both the bloodstream and liver, alongside altered blood metabolomics, indicates that MP induce hepatic damage by disrupting the rumen microbiota-gut-liver axis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that liver inflammatory injury was closely associated with NF-κB activation. Further mechanistic analysis supported the central role of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MP impair liver function in cattle by disrupting the rumen microbiota-gut-liver axis. This process involves the perturbation of rumen flora and intestinal barriers, triggering LPS translocation into the bloodstream, and ultimately causing liver damage. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MdUGT88F1 enhances plant resistance to Fusarium proliferatum f.sp. malus domestica MR5 via root exudate-mediated assembly of disease-suppressive rhizosphere microbiota.","authors":"Yanan Duan, Ziqing Ma, Yiting Liu, Yiwei Jia, Zhijun Zhang, Chao Yang, Xiaoqing Gong, Zhiquan Mao, Chao Li, Fengwang Ma","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02416-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-026-02416-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Apple replant disease (ARD) is a major threat to the sustainable development of China's apple industry. It is primarily caused by the accumulation of phloridzin and the pathogen Fusarium proliferatum f.sp. malus domestica MR5 (Fpmd MR5). MdUGT88F1-mediated phloridzin biosynthesis is known to enhance disease resistance, but its role in shaping the rhizosphere microbiome and conferring resistance against Fpmd MR5 remains unclear. In this study, we used wild-type (WT) and MdUGT88F1 transgenic apple lines to systematically investigate the mechanism by which MdUGT88F1 regulates the rhizosphere microbiome to mitigate ARD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with WT and MdUGT88F1-OE plants, MdUGT88F1-RNAi plants exhibited enhanced tolerance to ARD, as indicated by reduced disease severity, decreased abundance of Fpmd MR5 in the rhizosphere soil, and lower phloridzin content. Further greenhouse experiments demonstrated that the rhizosphere bacterial communities were triggered mainly by changes in community composition. Multi-omics joint analysis revealed that members of the family Bacillaceae with multiple plant growth-promoting traits were enriched in the MdUGT88F1-RNAi plant rhizosphere but only upon Fpmd MR5 invasion. MdUGT88F1-RNAi plants exhibited significantly higher exudation of D-tagatose, D-galactose, sucrose, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, and maltitol. Interestingly, exogenous application of these compounds promoted the proliferation of Bacillus, enhancing plant resistance to Fpmd MR5. In vitro assays demonstrated that the recruited Bacillus significantly inhibited the hyphal growth and fumonisin B1 production of Fpmd MR5 and alleviated plant disease symptoms. We experimentally validated this observation by inoculating a synthetic microbial community (Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus licheniformis) into replanted soil, which led to a significant reduction in pathogen Fusarium abundance and promoted plant growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, these findings highlight that plant disease resistance is a complex trait driven by dynamic interactions among the host genetic background, rhizospheric microbial communities, and pathogens. Targeted modulation of the rhizospheric microbiome represents a potent \"prebiotic\" strategy. This approach can indirectly enhance plant disease resistance by fostering beneficial microbial activity in the rhizosphere. This study also provides a theoretical basis and practical solutions for the green control of ARD through prebiotics and synthetic microbial communities. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micheliolide ameliorates colon cancer cachexia by modulating gut microbiota-immune signaling via Phocaeicola vulgatus enrichment.","authors":"Hye-Young Youn, Sunhee Park, Huitae Min, Nguyen Bao Ngoc, Young Hyun Kim, Kwang-Hyun Cha, Young Tae Park, Hyog Young Kwon, Choong-Gu Lee, Myungsuk Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40168-026-02412-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-026-02412-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer cachexia profoundly impacts patient survival and quality of life. Current treatments fail to halt this trajectory, highlighting an urgent clinical need for host-directed therapies capable of uncoupling skeletal muscle wasting from tumor progression. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of micheliolide (MCL) across distinct tumor contexts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed immunocompetent murine models of colon cancer (CT26) and lung cancer (LLC) cachexia, pseudo-germ-free (pseudo-GF) mice, murine C2C12 myotubes, and primary human skeletal muscle cells. We evaluated MCL's impact on muscle wasting, systemic inflammation (splenic CD4⁺ T cell phenotypes), gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The direct effects of Phocaeicola vulgatus (P. vulgatus) administration were also assessed in the CT26 model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MCL functions as a potent host-directed therapy, ameliorating muscle wasting in both models-particularly CT26-completely uncoupling muscle preservation from tumor cytotoxicity. In vitro, MCL directly prevented catabolism in both C2C12 and human primary myotubes. In vivo, MCL robustly rescued muscle mass and function. This was associated with the suppression of local muscle NF-κB hyperactivation and a marked reduction in the absolute counts of activated (CD25⁺) and exhaustion marker-expressing (PD-1⁺, TIM-3⁺) splenic CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, resolving splenomegaly. Crucially, targeted microbiota depletion in pseudo-GF mice entirely abrogated these anti-cachectic benefits, establishing the gut microbiome as an indispensable mediator. MCL selectively enriched the beneficial bacterium P. vulgatus while differentially suppressing potential pathobionts like Enterococcus faecalis in CT26 and Streptococcus acidominimus in LLC. Microbial functional analysis indicated MCL increased the predicted potential for biotin biosynthesis in the CT26 model. Correlation analyses linked P. vulgatus abundance and increased SCFAs to reduced cachexia severity and modulated T cell profiles. Validating its functional significance, oral P. vulgatus administration significantly attenuated muscle wasting, increased cecal butyrate, and beneficially altered specific gut bacterial taxa in the CT26 model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By therapeutically rewiring the gut-immune-muscle axis, MCL exerts pronounced and context-dependent anti-cachectic efficacy. Through dampening of systemic inflammation via T cell modulation, beneficial remodeling of the gut microbiota, and enhancement of predicted microbial biosynthesis pathways, MCL serves as a highly translational, host-directed intervention to mitigate cancer-induced systemic catabolism independent of tumor growth inhibition. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}