Microbiome最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Interactions with native microbial keystone taxa enhance the biocontrol efficiency of Streptomyces.","authors":"Tianyu Sun, Hongwei Liu, Ningqi Wang, Mingcong Huang, Samiran Banerjee, Alexandre Jousset, Yangchun Xu, Qirong Shen, Shimei Wang, Xiaofang Wang, Zhong Wei","doi":"10.1186/s40168-025-02171-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-025-02171-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"13 1","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic analysis reveals gut phage diversity across three mammalian models.","authors":"Menghao Yu, Yunmeng Chu, Yongming Wang, Luofei Mo, Xin Tan, Shun Guo, Shengjian Yuan, Yingfei Ma","doi":"10.1186/s40168-025-02144-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-025-02144-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut virome plays a pivotal role in shaping the host's microbiota. However, gut viruses across different mammalian models, and their connections with the human gut microbiota remain largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 977 high-confidence species-level viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) in mice (hcMGV), 12,896 in pigs (hcPGV), and 1480 in cynomolgus macaques (hcCMGV) from metagenomes, respectively. Clustering these vOTUs at approximately genus level uncovered novel clades with high prevalence across animal guts (> = 60%). In particular, crAss-like phages and cas-harboring jumbophages were characterized. Comparative analysis revealed that hcCMGV had a closer relationship with hcPGV than hcMGV, despite the animal-specific characteristics, and that 55.88% hcCMGV had connections with the human microbiota.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings shed light on the diversity of gut viruses across these three animals, contributing to future gut microbial studies using model animals. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"13 1","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engrafting gut bacteriophages have potential to modulate microbial metabolism in fecal microbiota transplantation.","authors":"Shuai Ji, Freed Ahmad, Baizhao Peng, Ying Yang, Mengting Su, Xiaoshan Zhao, Tommi Vatanen","doi":"10.1186/s40168-025-02046-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-025-02046-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is widely used to treat severe infections and investigated for the treatment of complex diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of FMT is related to the successful engraftment of bacteriophages from healthy donors to recipients. However, gut bacteriophage contributions to FMT engraftment and treatment outcomes remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The gut phageome from previously published metagenomes of donors and recipients across 23 FMT studies was assembled and functionally annotated for a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gut phageome profiles of FMT recipients, especially those with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), shifted toward donor phageomes, accompanied by increased phageome alpha diversity. Engraftment of donor phages varied between recipient conditions with the highest engraftment rate, overrepresented by putative temperate phage, in patients with rCDI. Consistently, a higher proportion of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), with the potential to support and modulate bacterial metabolism, were annotated on putative temperate phages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FMT leads to significant taxonomic, functional, and lifestyle shifts in recipient phageome composition. Future FMT studies should include gut phageome characterization and consider it as a potential factor in microbial community shifts and treatment outcomes. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"13 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Longitudinal host-microbiome dynamics of metatranscription identify hallmarks of progression in periodontitis.","authors":"Ana Duran-Pinedo, Jose O Solbiati, Flavia Teles, Zhang Yanping, Jorge Frias-Lopez","doi":"10.1186/s40168-025-02170-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-025-02170-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"13 1","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal intestinal L. vaginalis facilitates embryo implantation and survival through enhancing uterine receptivity in sows.","authors":"Qianhong Ye, Yifan Hu, Haoyi Jiang, Tingting Luo, Longshan Han, Yuwen Chen, Jiaying Chen, Libao Ma, Ziyi He, Xianghua Yan","doi":"10.1186/s40168-025-02141-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-025-02141-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The embryo implantation quality during early pregnancy is the predominant factor for embryo survival and litter performance in sows. Gut microbiota is demonstrated to show a correlation to pregnancy outcomes by participating in regulating maternal metabolism. However, the specific functional microbiota and its mechanical effects on regulating embryo implantation and survival remain unclear. The objective of this study was to clarify whether embryo implantation and litter performance were affected by maternal intestinal microbiota, and to identify specific microbial communities and its mechanism in regulating embryo implantation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we first conducted 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis revealing the intestinal microbiota and metabolism of 42 sows with different litter size to select the potential functional microbiota that may contribute to embryo survival. Then, we explored the effects of that microbiota on embryo implantation and litter performance through microbiota transplantation in mice and sows. We found that maternal intestinal L. vaginalis exhibits enrichment in sows with higher litter size, which could facilitate embryo implantation and survival and ultimately increases litter size in mice. We further employed transcriptomic analysis to determine the characteristics of uterus, which found an enhanced uterine receptivity after L. vaginalis gavage. The plasma untargeted metabolomic analysis after L. vaginalis gavage in mice and targeted metabolomics analysis of in vitro cultured medium of L. vaginalis were used to evaluate the metabolic regulation of L. vaginalis and to reveal the underlying functional metabolites. Next, an increasing adhesion rate of endometrial-embryonic cells and an obvious increasing formation of pinopodes in cell surface of porcine endometrial epithelial cells were observed after treatments of L. vaginalis metabolites, especially galangin and daidzein. Also, the gene expression levels related to uterine receptivity were increased after treatments of L. vaginalis metabolites in porcine endometrial epithelial cells. Finally, we found that L. vaginalis or its metabolites supplementation during early gestation significantly increased the litter performance in sows.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, intestinal microbial-host interactions can occur during early pregnancy and may be contribute to maternal metabolic changes and influence pregnancy outcomes in mammals. Our study provides insights of maternal intestinal L. vaginalis to enhance uterine receptivity and to benefit embryo/fetal survival through a gut-uterus axis, contributing to advanced concept and novel strategy to manipulate gut microbiota during early pregnancy, and in turn to improve embryo implantation and reduce embryo loss in sows. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"13 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of early-life exposures on growth and adult gut microbiome composition is dependent on genetic strain and parent- of- origin.","authors":"M Nazmul Huda, Emer Kelly, Keri Barron, Jing Xue, William Valdar, Lisa M Tarantino, Sarah Schoenrock, Folami Y Ideraabdullah, Brian J Bennett","doi":"10.1186/s40168-025-02130-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-025-02130-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early-life exposure to environmental factors can have long-lasting impacts on offspring health into adulthood and therefore is an emerging public health concern. In particular, the impact of maternal environmental exposures such as diet and antibiotic use on the establishment of the offspring gut microbiome has been recently highlighted as a potential link to disease risk. However, the long-term effects are poorly understood. Moreover, interindividual host genetic differences have also been implicated in modulating the gut microbiome, suggesting that these differences may modulate susceptibility to environmentally induced dysbiosis and exacerbate related health outcomes. Our understanding of how the developmental environment and genetics interact to modulate offspring long-term gut microbiota and health is still limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we investigated the effects of early exposure to known or putative dietary insults on the microbiome (antibiotic exposure, protein deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency) in a novel population of mice. Dams were maintained on purified AIN93G antibiotic-containing (AC), low-protein (LP), low-vitamin D (LVD), or mouse control (CON) diets from 5 weeks prior to pregnancy until the end of lactation. After weaning, mice were transferred to new cages and fed a standardized chow diet. The parent-of-origin (PO) effect was determined via F1 offspring from reciprocal crosses of recombinant inbred intercross (RIX) of Collaborative Cross (CC) mice, where all F1 offspring within a reciprocal pair were genetically identical except for the X- and Y-chromosomes and mitochondrial genomes. We assayed offspring bodyweight and the gut bacterial microbiota via 16S rRNA gene sequencing at 8 weeks of age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealed that early developmental exposure to antibiotics, protein deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency had long-lasting effects on offspring bodyweight and gut microbial diversity and composition, depending on the genetic background. Several bacterial genera and ASVs, including Bacteroides, Muribaculaceae, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium, are influenced by developmental insults. We also observed a significant effect of PO on offspring gut microbiota and growth. For example, the offspring of CC011xCC001 mice had increased bodyweight, microbial diversity indices, and several differential bacterial abundances, including those of Faecalibaculum, compared with those of the corresponding reciprocal cross CC001xCC011.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results show that maternal exposure to nutritional deficiencies and antibiotics during gestation and lactation has a lasting impact on offspring gut microbiota composition. The specific responses to a diet or antibiotic can vary among F1 strains and may be driven by maternal genetics. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"13 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial diurnal rhythmicity in the rumen fluid impacted by feeding regimes and exogenous microbiome providing novel mechanisms regulating dynamics of the rumen microbiome.","authors":"Yangyi Hao, Wei Wang, Mengmeng Li, Youyoung Choi, Mi Zhou, Yixin Wang, Zhijun Cao, Ya Jing Wang, Hongjian Yang, Linshu Jiang, Le Luo Guan, Shengli Li","doi":"10.1186/s40168-025-02134-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-025-02134-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diurnal oscillations have been reported on ruminal prokaryotes, but the daily rhythmicity of eukaryotes remains unknown. This study investigated diurnal oscillations of ruminal prokaryotes and eukaryotes under three different feeding managements and rumen fluid transplantation conditions, aiming to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms influencing the dynamic shifts of rumen microbiome through the daily feeding cycle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantification and profiling of the microbiota of 288 rumen samples collected from lactating dairy cows (n = 12) every 6-h over 48-h feeding cycles under ad libitum, restricted feeding at daytime and nighttime, respectively, revealed the rhythmicity in the population and abundance of ruminal bacteria, archaea, and protozoa. Under restricted-feeding regimes, 61.99% bacterial genera including Prevotella and Ruminococcus, and 7.19% archaeal species including Methanosphaera sp. ISO3-F5, and 66.93% protozoa genera including Entodinium and Isotricha showed feeding-time-influenced changes in circadian rhythms. However, 4.76% bacterial genera such as Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, and 0.29% archaeal species such as group 12 sp. ISO4-H5 exhibited non-feeding-time affected circadian rhythm pattern shifts. Further analysis of 176 rumen fluid samples collected after rumen fluid transplantation showed the proportion of bacterial, archaeal, and protozoal taxa displayed consistent (including Anaeroplasma and Fibrobacter), inconsistent (including Bacteroidales_UCG-001 and NK4A214_group), gain (including Prevotella and Succinivibrio), and loss (including Butyrivibrio and Mycoplasma) of circadian rhythms over the 48-h to 7-day period after transplantation. Similar circadian patterns were found among feed intake, ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations, bacterial functions such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and deterministic assembly processes of bacterial communities. However, different circadian patterns (12-h shifts) were observed for rumination time, ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration, and bacterial functions such as chemotaxis, nitrogen metabolism, and deterministic assembly processes of archaeal communities. Additionally, cross-lagged effects were observed between the relative abundance of microbial taxa and rumen fermentation parameters, which could affect feed intake, rumination time, microbial population/diversity, and microbial interactions. Video Abstract CONCLUSIONS: The classified feeding-time responsive, multi-factor responsive, consistent, and inconsistent circadian rhythm of microbial taxa underscore the driven factors behind the daily dynamics of rumen microbes, which also filled the gaps for targeting specific microbial taxa for better animal production.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"13 1","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV infection and exposure is associated with increased cariogenic taxa, reduced taxonomic turnover, and homogenized spatial differentiation for the supragingival microbiome.","authors":"Allison E Mann, Ciara Aumend, Suzanne Crull, Lauren M O'Connell, Esosa Osagie, Paul Akhigbe, Ozoemene Obuekwe, Augustine Omoigberale, Matthew Rowe, Thomas Blouin, Ashlyn Soule, Colton Kelly, Robert A Burne, Modupe O Coker, Vincent P Richards","doi":"10.1186/s40168-025-02123-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-025-02123-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The oral microbiome consists of distinct microbial communities that colonize various ecological niches within the oral cavity, the composition of which are influenced by nutrient and substrate availability, host genetics, diet, behavior, age, and other diverse host and environmental factors. Unlike other densely populated human-associated microbial ecosystems (e.g., gut, urogenital), the oral microbiome is directly and frequently exposed to external influences, contributing to its relatively lower stability over time. In individuals with compromised immunity, such as those living with HIV, the composition and stability of the oral microbiome may be especially vulnerable to disruption. Cross-sectional studies of the oral microbiome in children living with HIV capture a glimpse of this temporal dynamism, yet a full appreciation of the relative stability, robusticity, and spatial structure of the oral environment is necessary to understand the role of microbial communities in promoting health or disease in the context of HIV. Here, we investigate the spatial and temporal stability of the oral microbiome over three sampling time points in the context of HIV infection and exposure. Individual teeth were sampled from a cohort of 565 Nigerian children with varying levels of tooth decay severity (i.e., caries disease). We collected 1960 supragingival plaque samples and characterized the oral microbiome using a metataxonomic approach targeting an approximately 478 bp region of the bacterial rpoC gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both HIV infection and exposure have significant, if subtle, effects on the stability of the supragingival plaque microbiome. Specifically, we observed (1) a slight but significant reduction in taxonomic turnover among HIV-exposed and infected children; (2) an association between HIV infection and a more homogenized oral community across the anterior and posterior dentition in children living with HIV; and (3) a relationship between impaired immunity, lower taxonomic turnover over time, and an elevated frequency of cariogenic taxa, including Streptococcus mutans, in children living with HIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the influence of various contributing factors, we observe an effect of HIV status on both the temporal and spatial stability of the oral microbiome. Specifically, the results presented here indicate that the oral microbiome shows less community change over time in children living with or exposed to HIV, which we hypothesize may be linked to a reduced capacity to adapt to environmental changes. The observed taxonomic rigidity among children living with HIV may signal community dysfunction, potentially leading to a higher incidence of oral diseases, including caries, in this cohort. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"13 1","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12168284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underground guardians: how collagen and chitin amendments shape soil microbiome structure and function for Meloidogyne enterolobii control.","authors":"Josephine M Pasche, Roshni Sawlani, Victor Hugo Buttrós, Johan Desaeger, Karen A Garrett, Samuel J Martins","doi":"10.1186/s40168-025-02132-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-025-02132-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of the guava root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii) poses a significant threat to tomato yields globally. This study evaluated the impact of collagen and chitin soil amendments on soil microbial composition and function (fungal and bacterial communities) and their effects on tomato plant health and M. enterolobii infection under standard (5000 eggs plant^-1) and high (50,000 eggs plant^-1) inoculum pressure. Conducted in a greenhouse setting, the study investigated the effectiveness of these amendments in nurturing beneficial microbial communities across both native and agricultural soils.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both collagen and chitin were effective in reducing nematode egg counts by up to 66% and 84% under standard and high inoculum pressure, respectively, and enhanced plant health parameters (biomass and chlorophyll content). Moreover, a microbiome shift led to an increase in bacterial (Kitasatospora, Bacillus, and Streptomyces) and fungal (Phialemonium) genera, known for their chitinase, collagenase, and plant-parasitic nematode control. Among the microbes, Streptomyces spp. were found among the core microbiome and associated with a lower disease incidence assessed through a phenotype-OTU network analysis (PhONA). Under standard inoculum, higher metabolite expression was observed with amino acids representing a majority among the metabolite groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight the potential of collagen and chitin to mitigate M. enterolobii infection by fostering beneficial soil microbial communities. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"13 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12160343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut bacterium Acinetobacter sp. assists Camellia weevil with host plant adaptation by degrading tea saponin via the benzoate pathway.","authors":"Feng Song, Jinping Shu, Shouke Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40168-025-02131-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40168-025-02131-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The extent to which herbivorous insects depend on gut bacteria and the molecular mechanisms by which these microbes help overcome host plant chemical defenses remain controversial. This study explored how the gut symbiont Acinetobacter sp. AS23 of a Camellia weevil (Curculio chinensis) (CW) enhances the weevil's tolerance to toxic tea saponins in host plants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We first conducted toxicity assays in which third-instar CW larvae were exposed to fermentation filtrates containing tea saponin degradation products from the weevil's gut bacterium, the AS23 strain. A combination of metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses was used to investigate the degradation pathway and key genes used by the AS23 strain in tea saponin metabolism. We then re-inoculated axenic larvae with bacterial mutants generated through CRISPR-Cas9 and verified gene functions in tea saponin degradation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Toxicity assays demonstrated that the AS23 strain exhibited time-dependent tea saponin degradation capabilities. The benzoate degradation pathway emerged as a core metabolic pathway enriched during tea saponin degradation, with the involvement of four key enzyme genes confirmed through qPCR and functional studies. Knockout strains exhibited a significantly reduced detoxification capacity and increased larval mortality when reintroduced into CWs' gut.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings elucidated the key role of the AS23 strain in mediating CW larvae tolerance to tea saponins through the benzoate degradation pathway. This study highlights the potential of leveraging microbial saponin degradation pathways for developing environmentally friendly pest control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18447,"journal":{"name":"Microbiome","volume":"13 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}