Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society最新文献

{"title":"Awareness and clinical impact of the revised FDA warning on menopausal hormone therapy among Latin American physicians. REDLINC XIV.","authors":"Juan E Blümel, María S Vallejo, Peter Chedraui, Hugo Salinas, Sócrates Aedo, Alejandra Schüle, Ana L Ribeiro Valadares, Ascanio Bencosme, Carlos Escalante, Carlos Salinas, Claudia Rey, Daysi A Navarro-Despaigne, Doris Rodríguez-Vidal, Eliana Ojeda, Erik González, Eugenio Arteaga, Félix Ayala, Flory Morera, Gabriela Ayala, Gladys Fernández, Greta Solis, Hugo Gutiérrez-Crespo, Humberto Izaguirre, Ircania Garcia, José Moreno, Juan Matzumura-Kasano, Konstantinos Tserotas, Lucia Costa-Paiva, Luis R Hernández, María A Basavilvazo, Mabel Martino, Marcela López, Marcela S Aguirre, Marcio A H Rodrigues, José Mendes Aldrighi, Maribel Dextre, Mónica Ñañez, Nilson R de Melo, Pablo Carpintero, Patricio Barriga, Rogerio B Machado","doi":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate Latin American physicians' awareness regarding the recent revised statement of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) \"black box warning\" on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and to analyze its self-reported impact on clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in thirteen Latin American countries. Physicians caring for peri- and postmenopausal women completed an anonymous survey assessing awareness of the revised FDA communication, perceived clarity, self-reported impact on clinical practice, and MHT prescribing patterns. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,166 physicians participated, mainly obstetrician-gynecologists (75.7%) and endocrinologists (9.0%). Overall, 80.7% were aware of the FDA revised statement. In addition, 90.5% considered that the previous warning had overestimated breast cancer risk, and 78.9% believed that the revised communication provides a more balanced view of risks and benefits. Changes in clinical practice were reported by 59.4% of participants, whereas 18.7% reported increased MHT prescribing. Furthermore, 53.3% modified the way they explain breast cancer risk, and 40.4% reported spending more time on patient education and shared decision-making. Physicians with ≤20 years of professional experience and those from specialties other than obstetrics and gynecology or endocrinology were more likely to report that the FDA revised statement would influence their therapeutic conduct.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The revised FDA communication appears to have influenced Latin American physicians' views and self-reported clinical practice, promoting a more balanced view of MHT and encouraging patient education and shared decision-making. However, the increase in MHT prescribing rates was relatively modest, and overall findings should be interpreted cautiously given the cross-sectional design, self-reported nature of the data, and potential selection bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":18435,"journal":{"name":"Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From black box warning to wake-up call: menopausal hormone therapy prescribing patterns at a large academic medical center.","authors":"Kimberly L Rusk, Marian G Acevedo Alvarez, Mena Cr Whalen, Nora Lee S Reinhardt, May C Norman, Gregory J Matthews","doi":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) prescribing patterns over 18 years in a large academic medical center and evaluate demographic and clinical factors associated with MHT prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective observational study using electronic health record data from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2024. The cohort included biologically female patients 45 years or older with at least one outpatient encounter (N=305,053). The primary outcome was the proportion of women with any documented MHT prescription. Prescriptions were categorized as local, systemic, or a combination (local+systemic). Associations between MHT prescription race, birth year, comorbidity burden (Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI]), insurance type, and urinary tract infection history were evaluated using χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 6.99% (21,327/305,053) of women had at least one documented MHT prescription. Among MHT prescriptions, 54.61% received local therapy, 37.66% systemic, and 7.37% combination, and 0.37% had an unknown type. In adjusted analyses, African American (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.513; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.486-0.541), Hispanic (AOR=0.644; 95% CI=0.613-0.676), and Asian women (AOR=0.760; 95% CI=0.688-0.838) had lower odds of MHT prescriptions compared with White women. Each one-point increase in CCI was associated with lower odds of MHT prescription (AOR=0.845; 95% CI=0.833-0.856). Women with a documented history of urinary tract infection had substantially greater odds of receiving an MHT prescription (AOR=11.056; 95% CI=10.556-11.580). Insurance type was also significantly associated with MHT prescribing, with lower odds observed among women enrolled in Medicare Advantage, Medicaid, Medicare, and other insurance categories relative to women with commercial insurance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MHT prescribing remained persistently low over 18 years, with significant racial disparities, lower prescribing among women with greater comorbidity burden, and differences associated with insurance coverage. These findings highlight a sustained gap between evidence-based recommendations and real-world menopause care and may suggest that both clinical and structural factors may influence access to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18435,"journal":{"name":"Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the use of technology in menopause education for patients: a scoping review of the literature.","authors":"Angella Appah, Supriya Jain, Maria Elena Cunningham, DeAshley Smith, Manvi S, Elizabeth B Chahine, Selen Bozkurt, Azra Ismail, Nadi N Kaonga","doi":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance and objective: </strong>Menopause is an underaddressed topic in the lives of women. Patient education initiatives can play a significant role in menopause care by improving patient awareness and self-advocacy, which can impact quality of life and symptomatology. This scoping review was conducted to identify and characterize menopause patient education initiatives, with a specific focus on how technology has been used in their provision.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review following the JBI method was conducted, with the following databases searched: PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and AAMC MedEd Portal. Studies included described curricula related to menopause education for patients.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>This review identified 50 publications that described patient-facing menopause education interventions. These interventions were diverse in their teaching methods and educational content, but few studies leveraged analogue and digital technology. Future research should explore how to further leverage technology-especially digital technology such as artificial intelligence-to potentially improve menopause education.</p>","PeriodicalId":18435,"journal":{"name":"Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive history and age at natural menopause in US women: a cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to March 2020.","authors":"Jingjing Feng, Jiayan Zhang, Juemeng Du, Jiahao Cai, Gaopi Deng","doi":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The associations of parity and gravidity with age at natural menopause (ANM) remain incompletely characterized. We examined parity-ANM and gravidity-ANM associations and explored non-live-birth pregnancies descriptively in a nationally representative sample of US women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analysis used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to March 2020 data and included women with confirmed natural menopause and ANM restricted to 30 to 59 years. Survey-weighted linear regression with multiple imputation estimated mean differences in ANM for parity and gravidity. Model 2, adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors, was prespecified as the primary model. Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction was applied separately to main associations, nonlinearity, and interactions. Restricted cubic splines assessed nonlinearity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analytic samples included 7,047 women for parity models and 7,058 for gravidity models. In the primary model, gravidity of 3 to 4 versus 0 was associated with 0.62 years later ANM (95% CI: 0.02 to 1.23; nominal P = 0.043), but this association did not remain significant after false discovery rate correction (q = 0.17). No categorical or continuous contrast for parity or gravidity was significant after correction. Apparent nonlinearity in minimally adjusted models was attenuated after covariate adjustment (nonlinearity q = 0.16 for both parity and gravidity). The derived non-live-birth-pregnancy measure showed no stable descriptive pattern, and no prespecified interaction was significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher gravidity showed a small, nonconfirmatory association with later ANM at moderate exposure levels. The findings do not support a robust nonlinear relationship or a simple cumulative ovulation-sparing model.</p>","PeriodicalId":18435,"journal":{"name":"Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women living with HIV.","authors":"Paula R L da Silva, Vanessa V P Corrêa, João M B B Ferreira, Marcos L B Ferreira, Rebeca S Pinheiro, Yury O Chaves, Adele S Benzaken, Paulo A Nogueira","doi":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002876","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To compare cardiovascular risk and subclinical atherosclerosis between postmenopausal women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLH) and HIV-negative women, and to identify determinants of carotid plaque, with particular focus on menopausal timing and antiretroviral exposure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This analytical cross-sectional study included 200 age-matched postmenopausal women (45-60 y; 100 WLH and 100 HIV-negative controls) in Manaus, Brazil. All participants had ≥12 months of amenorrhea. Cardiometabolic parameters, lifestyle factors, and carotid ultrasonography (carotid intima-media thickness [cIMT] and plaque) were assessed. Ten-year cardiovascular risk was estimated using the Framingham score (all participants) and the D:A:D R10 score (WLH only). Comparisons between WLH and HIV-negative women included demographic, metabolic, lifestyle, imaging, and cardiovascular risk variables. Multivariable logistic regression models using carotid plaque as the dependent variable included covariates with P&lt;0.20 in univariate analyses. A separate model restricted to WLH additionally evaluated HIV-related clinical characteristics and cumulative antiretroviral exposure variables. The discriminative performance of Framingham and D:A:D R10 scores for carotid plaque detection were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;WLH exhibited a more adverse cardiometabolic profile, including lower HDL-C, higher triglycerides, higher fasting glucose, greater metabolic syndrome prevalence (55% vs. 36%; P=0.007), and markedly higher physical inactivity (81% vs. 57%; P&lt;0.001). Framingham risk scores were significantly higher in WLH (mean 10.5±6.9 vs. 7.5±4.8; P=0.007), with nearly half classified as high risk. Carotid plaque prevalence was significantly greater among WLH (12% vs. 3%; P=0.017), despite similar cIMT between groups. In adjusted models, HIV infection remained independently associated with plaque (odds ratio [OR]=4.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.06-20.4), and older age at menopause was protective (OR=0.92 per year delay; 95% CI=0.85-0.99). Within WLH, longer non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) exposure was independently associated with lower odds of plaque (OR=0.63 per year; P=0.005), with a protective trend observed for INSTI. For discrimination of carotid plaque, D:A:D R10 demonstrated higher area under the curve than Framingham (0.69 vs. 0.60), although the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.146).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Among postmenopausal women, HIV infection was independently associated with a higher prevalence of carotid plaque, despite similar cIMT values between groups. Earlier menopause appeared to act as a cardiovascular risk amplifier in WLH. Although D:A:D R10 showed a trend toward better discrimination of carotid plaque than Framingham, further studies are needed to determine the optimal cardio","PeriodicalId":18435,"journal":{"name":"Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report of the FDA's expert panel on hormone therapy.","authors":"JoAnn V Pinkerton, James A Simon, Howard N Hodis, Mary Jane Minkin, JoAnn E Manson, Barbara Levy","doi":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002768","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The FDA convened an expert panel on July 17, 2025, to review evidence on the benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy. Several members of The Menopause Society who served on the expert panel summarize the meeting, including panelists' presentations and future directions. The FDA selected a multidisciplinary group of researchers and clinicians based on their expertise, clinical and academic credibility, leadership, and advocacy in caring for menopausal women's health. The panel emphasized the differences between systemic and local vaginal estrogen and the adverse effects of class labeling and the boxed warning, especially for local vaginal estrogen. The panel discussed differences in risk profiles between estrogen alone and estrogen combined with different types of progestogens, and the importance of formulation, route of administration, dosing, and timing of initiation. Following this discussion, a 60-day public commentary period, and an independent review of the literature, on November 10, 2025, the FDA recommended removing boxed warnings from estrogen therapies, with specific, nuanced considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18435,"journal":{"name":"Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society","volume":" ","pages":"1118-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Report of the FDA's expert panel on hormone therapy.","authors":"JoAnn V Pinkerton, James A Simon, Howard N Hodis, Mary Jane Minkin, JoAnn E Manson, Barbara Levy","doi":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002915","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002915","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18435,"journal":{"name":"Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society","volume":"33 10","pages":"1138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective study of reproductive span and menopausal hormone therapy and cognitive decline over 8 years in the Nurses' Health Study.","authors":"Namuunaa Juramt, Jae H Kang, Dong D Wang, Chirag M Vyas, Cheng Peng, Sharon Curhan, Erica T Warner, Oana A Zeleznik, Bernard A Rosner, Molin Wang, Meir J Stampfer, Francine Grodstein, Olivia I Okereke, Audrey Heather Eliassen","doi":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002782","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Higher endogenous estrogen may be associated with better cognition, but associations with menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) have been inconsistent, possibly due to differences in the timing of use. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the associations between reproductive span, as a proxy for endogenous estrogen history, MHT use, and cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed cognitive change (1995-2008) with four telephone interviews (primary outcome: global composite score average of six test z -scores) in 14,217 Nurses' Health Study participants (mean age 74.3 y) and examined associations with reproductive span ([age at menopause]-[age at menarche]), and MHT use duration, separately by 0-10 years, and 11+ years after menopause.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A longer reproductive span was associated with better cognitive trajectories (mean annual rate of change difference [95% CI] 41-46 vs. ≤33 y =0.008 [0.00005, 0.015]; P -trend=0.02). MHT use 0-10 years postmenopause was associated with faster decline (mean difference 8-10 vs. 0 y =-0.007 [-0.016, 0.002]; P -trend=0.02); use during 11+ years postmenopause was not associated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although MHT use was not inversely associated, a longer reproductive span was associated with better cognitive trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":18435,"journal":{"name":"Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society","volume":" ","pages":"1066-1079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147674985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint impact of premature age at menopause and depression on mortality in older females: an NHANES analysis.","authors":"Cheng-Yu Hou, Yung-Chieh Tsai, Tian-Ni Kuo, Ing-Luen Shyu","doi":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Premature ovarian failure and depression are independently associated with adverse health outcomes, but their combined association with long-term mortality remains unclear. We examined these associations using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data 2005-2018 linked to mortality records through 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Postmenopausal women aged older than or equal to 40 years with available information on age at final menstrual period, depression status, and mortality follow-up were included. Premature ovarian failure was defined as a last menstrual period before age 40. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with scores ≥10 indicating clinically significant depression. Participants were classified into four groups according to premature ovarian failure and depression status. Cox proportional hazards models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for all-cause mortality; cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was evaluated as an exploratory secondary outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,754 women were included, representing 27.2 million US women. Premature ovarian failure alone (aHR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.72-3.64) and depression alone (aHR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.14-2.38) were associated with higher all-cause mortality compared with neither condition. Women with both conditions had the highest observed risk (aHR: 5.04; 95% CI: 2.18-11.62). Exploratory analyses showed a similar direction of association for CVD mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Premature ovarian failure and depression were independently associated with higher all-cause mortality, and women with both conditions had the highest observed risk. Findings for CVD mortality were exploratory and require confirmation in larger studies with sufficient numbers of cardiovascular deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":18435,"journal":{"name":"Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building capacity for menopause care: a national needs assessment of menopause education in US family medicine residency programs.","authors":"Marie Claire O'Dwyer, Leigh Morrison, Shubham Kalwani, Chidera Mgbudem, Naomi Pang, Dongru Chen, John Holkeboer, Ananda Sen, Diane M Harper","doi":"10.1097/GME.0000000000002908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Family physicians care for women across the lifespan, yet little is known about the menopause education they receive during training. We conducted a national survey of US family medicine program directors to characterize the current state of menopause education, including curriculum structure, didactic content, clinical training, and program directors' perspectives on improvement and standardization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey on menopause education was embedded within the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) omnibus survey, which is administered biannually to family medicine residency program directors and collects standardized program demographic data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 313 family medicine program directors who responded to the omnibus survey (44.7% response rate), 279 completed the menopause-specific questions. The majority (94%) reported either a dedicated menopause curriculum or menopause education integrated within a broader women's health curriculum. Overall 56% of program directors agreed there was a need to improve menopause education; those with an established formal curriculum were less likely to agree (46% vs. 61%, P=0.02), although interest in a standardized national curriculum was similarly high across groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Menopause education is broadly incorporated across US family medicine residency training, reflecting a meaningful foundation for evidence-based menopause care. However, didactic volume remains limited, content coverage is variable, and training relies heavily on continuity clinic exposure, with little formal assessment. Scalable, on-demand learning modules with competency assessment represent a promising avenue for strengthening menopause training.</p>","PeriodicalId":18435,"journal":{"name":"Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}