Medical Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Transforming cancer detection and treatment with nanoflowers.","authors":"Bhupendra G Prajapati, Kanika Verma, Swapnil Sharma, Devesh U Kapoor","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02530-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02530-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoflowers, an innovative class of nanoparticles with a distinctive flower-like structure, have garnered significant interest for their straightforward synthesis, remarkable stability, and heightened efficiency. Nanoflowers demonstrate versatile applications, serving as highly sensitive biosensors for rapidly and accurately detecting conditions such as diabetes, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and foodborne infections. Nanoflowers, with their intricate structure, show significant potential for targeted drug delivery and site-specific action, while also exhibiting versatility in applications such as enzyme purification, water purification from dyes and heavy metals, and gas sensing through materials like nickel oxide. This review also addresses the structural characteristics, surface modification, and operational mechanisms of nanoflowers. The nanoflowers play a crucial role in preventing premature drug leakage from nanocarriers. Additionally, the nanoflowers contribute to averting systemic toxicity and suboptimal therapy efficiency caused by hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment during chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. This review entails the role of nanoflowers in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In the imminent future, the nanoflowers system is poised to revolutionize as a smart material, leveraging its exceptional surface-to-volume ratio to significantly augment adsorption efficiency across its intricate petals. This review delves into the merits and drawbacks of nanoflowers, exploring synthesis techniques, types, and their evolving applications in cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"41 11","pages":"295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing the ELPIS scale: a novel tool for measuring emotional empathy toward cancer patients.","authors":"Ozgur Tanriverdi, Ceren Karabay, Mehmet Burkay Kaan Topbas, Arif Nihat Demirci, Ece Atik, Sinem Karatepe, Abdullah Tosolar, Eda Kocagoz, Selçuk Uylaş, Esra Savaş, Muesser Ozcan","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02537-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02537-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Empathy, defined as the ability to understand and share another person's feelings, is crucial in the healthcare setting, particularly for patients with cancer who face significant psychosocial challenges. We aimed to develop a novel tool, the Empathy, Life with Cancer, and Psychosocial Skills (ELPIS) Scale that prioritizes emotional and cognitive components in order to determine the reflection of the negative stigmatization of cancer in societies on individuals, excluding the behavioral and ethical dimensions of empathy. The study was conducted using a quantitative research design with a sample of first- and second-year medical students in Türkiye. An initial pool of 48 items was developed based on an extensive review of the literature and existing empathy scales. Following expert review and pilot testing, the scale was refined to 24 items. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to establish the scale's factor structure and validate its reliability and validity. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure comprising \"emotional empathy,\" \"sympathetic responses,\" and \"realistic approaches,\" with a total of 20 items after refinement. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the model fit, with the scale demonstrating high internal consistency across all three dimensions. The scale's reliability was further supported by high Cronbach's alpha values. The results suggest that the ELPIS Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring emotional empathy toward cancer patients. It offers a nuanced approach by separately assessing emotional, sympathetic, and realistic components of empathy, making it a valuable tool for both educational and clinical applications. Future research should explore the scale's application in diverse populations and settings, as well as its utility in tracking empathy development over time. In conclusion, the ELPIS Scale, which focuses on the emotional and cognitive components of empathy, a multifaceted construct, fills a critical gap in the measurement of empathy in the context of cancer care and provides a comprehensive tool that can improve both patient care and the education of healthcare providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"41 11","pages":"294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"siRNA-based strategies to combat drug resistance in gastric cancer.","authors":"Abdulrahman Qais Khaleel, Mohammad Y Alshahrani, Jasur Alimdjanovich Rizaev, H Malathi, Seema Devi, Atreyi Pramanik, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Ahmed Hjazi, Ismoilova Muazzamxon, Beneen Husseen","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02528-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02528-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapy is a key treatment option for gastric cancer, but over 50% of patients develop either inherent or acquired resistance to these drugs, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of only about 20%. The primary treatment for advanced gastric cancer typically involves chemotherapy based on platinum or fluorouracil. Several factors can contribute to platinum resistance, including decreased drug uptake, increased drug efflux or metabolism, enhanced DNA repair, activation of pro-survival pathways, and inhibition of pro-apoptotic pathways. In recent years, there has been significant progress in biology aimed at finding innovative and more effective methods to overcome chemotherapy resistance. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have emerged as a significant advancement in gene expression regulation, showing promise in enhancing the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. However, siRNA therapies still face major challenges, particularly in terms of stability and efficient delivery in vivo. This article discusses the advances in siRNA therapy and its potential role in overcoming resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin, 5-FU, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel in the treatment of gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"41 11","pages":"293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in long non-coding RNA-based therapies for cancer: targeting, delivery, and clinical implications.","authors":"Muhammad Ammad, Zeeshan Javed, Haleema Sadia, Rais Ahmed, Ali Akbar, Tariq Nadeem, Daniela Calina, Javad Sharifi-Rad","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02534-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02534-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been in the spotlight for the past two decades due to their extensive role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes. Development, differentiation, regulation, and modulation are some of the vital cellular cascades coordinated by these molecules. Despite their importance, there has been limited literature on their practical implications in cancer prevention. Advancements in lncRNA biology have enabled the characterization of numerous secondary structures and sequence motifs, which could serve as potential targets for cellular therapies. Several studies have highlighted the involvement of lncRNAs in human pathologies, where they can be targeted by small molecules or antisense oligonucleotides to prevent diseases. However, progress has been hindered by the challenge of developing specific delivery vehicles for targeted delivery. Recent improvements in sequence optimization and nucleotide modification have enhanced drug stability and reduced the immunogenicity of lncRNA-based therapies, yet further advances are needed to fully realize their potential in treating complex diseases like cancer. This review aims to explore current lncRNA biology, their mechanisms of action, nanoformulation strategies, and the clinical trials focused on lncRNA delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"41 11","pages":"292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advancements in cGAS-STING activation, tumor immune evasion, and therapeutic implications.","authors":"Saiful Islam, Md Mazedul Islam, Mst Rubaiat Nazneen Akhand, Byung-Yong Park, Md Rashedunnabi Akanda","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02539-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02539-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is indeed a pivotal component of the immune system and serve as a crucial link between innate and adaptive immune responses. STING is involved in the cellular response to pathogen invasion and DNA damage, and which has important consequences for host defense mechanisms and cancer regulation. Ongoing research aiming to modulate the cGAS-STING pathway for improved clinical outcomes in cancer and autoimmune diseases is underway. Indeed, the interaction between the cGAS-STING pathway and immune evasion mechanisms is a complex and critical aspect of cancer biology. Pathogens and various host factors can exploit this pathway to reduce the effectiveness of cancer therapies, particularly immunotherapies. Thus, immunotherapies or combination therapies may assist in overcoming the immune suppression and improving clinical outcomes. This review explores recent advancements in understanding the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, with particular emphasis on its activation mechanisms and role in tumor immune evasion. The dual role of the pathway in boosting immune responses while simultaneously enabling tumors to evade the immune system makes it a crucial target for innovative cancer treatment approaches.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 2 Given name: [Md Mazedul] Last name [Islam], Author 3 Given name: [Mst Rubaiat Nazneen] Last name [Akhand] and Author 5 Given name: [Md Rashedunnabi] Last name [Akanda]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.AQ1: Here Author 4 given name: [Byung-Yong] Last name [Park] is missing. Metadata are correct.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"41 11","pages":"291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current evidence on patient precautions for reducing breast cancer-related lymphedema manifestation and progression risks.","authors":"Julie Hunley, David Doubblestein, Elizabeth Campione","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02408-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02408-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk management and self-management strategies for breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) must balance best-evidence guidelines and associated risk factor knowledge. There is an evidence-based practice gap in the understanding of whether a change in education about risk factors and whether behavioral changes actually influence BCRL manifestation or progression. The purpose of this study was to (1) review if current evidence supports or refutes patient precautions to prevent the manifestation and/or progression of BCRL, (2) review if behavioral changes result in the prevention or reduction of BCRL, and (3) identify related gaps of knowledge for future research. Evidence map methodology was used to systematically review literature related to reducing the risk of BCRL. Literature searches were conducted in Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane for the categories of trauma, blood pressure, temperature, air travel, and behavior change. One hundred and forty-eight articles were included for full-text review, of which 37 articles were included in this study. Within the confines of limb and trunk circumferential and/or volume enlargement, a 'just in case' approach to patient education on risk factors may not be appropriate for breast cancer survivors at risk of manifesting lymphedema. Patient education about precautionary risks for the onset of BCRL needs to align with research evidence. There is scant evidence about the risks of BCRL progression suggesting a need for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"41 11","pages":"262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential components of the maintenance phase of complex decongestive therapy.","authors":"Margaret L McNeely, Mona M Al Onazi, Mike Bond, Andrea Brennan, Heather Ferguson, Deborah A Gross, Fedor Lurie, Linda Menzies, Steven Norton, Yuanlu Sun, Alaina Newell","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02442-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02442-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complex decongestive therapy is the current gold standard for non-surgical clinical lymphedema management and consists of manual therapy, compression exercise, skincare, and education. Complex decongestive therapy involves an intensive volume reduction phase (Phase I) followed by a maintenance phase (Phase II). The aim of the maintenance phase is to promote life-long control of lymphedema through use of self-management strategies and the provision of ongoing reduction therapies as needed. Compression therapies are the mainstay of lymphedema self-management. Poor adherence to self-management practices has been associated with increased volume and progression of lymphedema to more advanced stages, supporting the importance of education and regular monitoring to promote adherence to the Phase II maintenance recommendations. In this editorial, we provide consensus recommendations on the essential components of the maintenance phase, including education, skin care practices, managing infection/cellulitis, compression therapies, health and weight management, exercise, and ongoing follow-up care.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"41 11","pages":"289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of compression therapies and therapeutic modalities on lymphedema secondary to cancer: a rapid review and evidence map.","authors":"M L McNeely, S M Shallwani, M M Al Onazi, F Lurie","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02447-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02447-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of effective therapeutic modalities to manage lymphedema secondary to cancer is a high priority among patients and clinicians. Complex decongestive therapy (CDT) remains a fundamental intervention for individuals with lymphedema; however, interventions involving modalities such as low level laser therapy, specially designed compression systems, and compression pumps may be helpful to improve outcomes and reduce costs of care. We conducted a rapid review of the literature examining compression therapies and therapeutic modalities in the treatment of lymphedema secondary to cancer. A search of the electronic databases from June 2018 to October 2023 was performed including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. The electronic search yielded 438 potentially relevant citations with 40 randomized controlled trials included in the review, and 30 in the mapping process. Ninety-three percent (n = 37) of the trials included participants with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Across all categories and domains, all but two trials were rated as having 'some concerns' or a 'high risk of bias'. Intervention effects ranged from clinically insignificant to large effects on lymphedema volume. Evidence mapping suggests potential for benefit from (1) compression garments for the prevention of lymphedema, (2) interventions added to CDT in the intensive reduction phase, and (3) nighttime compression and compression pump treatments in the maintenance phase. A multi-centre collaborative research approach is needed to support the conduct of high-quality large-scale trials to inform the optimal type, timing, and combination of compression therapies and therapeutic modalities in the treatment of lymphedema secondary to cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"41 11","pages":"288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11486789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized oncology in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: integrating genetic analysis with machine learning.","authors":"Abida, Abdullah R Alzahrani, Hayaa M Alhuthali, Afnan Alkathiri, Ruba Omar M Almaghrabi, Jawaher Mohammad Alshehri, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Mohd Imran","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02532-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02532-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCCs/PGLs) are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors with a significant genetic tendency. Approximately 35-40% of these tumors are associated with genetic factors. The present study performed a thorough analysis using publicly accessible genetic and clinical data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to examine the involvement of six genes, namely GBP1, KIF13B, GPT, CSDE1, CEP164, and CLCA1, in the development of PCCs/PGLs. By employing multi-omics data, this study investigates the relationship between mutational patterns and the prognosis of tumors, focusing on the possibility of tailoring treatment methods to individual patients. The study utilizes Mutect2 to detect somatic mutations with high confidence in whole-exome sequencing data from PCCG samples. The study uncovers mild effects on protein function caused by particular mutations, including GBP1 (p.Cys12Tyr), KIF13B (p.Arg847Gly), and GPT (p.Gln50Arg). A random forest classifier uses mutational profiles to predict potential drug recommendations, proposing a focused therapy strategy. This study thoroughly analyzes the genetic mutations found in PCCs/PGLs, highlighting the significance of precision medicine in developing specific treatments for these uncommon types of cancer. This study aims to improve the understanding of the development of tumors and identify personalized treatment approaches by combining genetic data with machine learning analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"41 11","pages":"290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the tumor microenvironment in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer by OncoTherad® (MRB-CFI-1) nanoimmunotherapy: effects on tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and monoamine oxidases.","authors":"Gabriela Cardoso de Arruda Camargo, Gabriela Oliveira, Bruna Nayara Silva Santos, Isadora Manzato Roberto, Monaliza Ávila, Bianca Ribeiro de Souza, João Carlos Cardoso Alonso, Nelson Durán, Wagner José Fávaro","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02533-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02533-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) presents management challenges due to its high recurrence rate and a complex tumor microenvironment (TME). This study investigated the effects of OncoTherad® (MRB-CFI1) nanoimmunotherapy on the TME of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC, focusing on alterations in monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) and immune markers: CD163, FOXP3, CD8, and CX3CR1. A comparative analysis of immunoreactivities was made before and after OncoTherad® treatment and an immune score (IS) was established to evaluate the correlation between immunological changes and clinical outcomes. Forty bladder biopsies of twenty patients were divided into 2 groups (n = 20/group): 1 (pre-treatment biopsies); and 2 (post-treatment biopsies). Our results showed stable MAO-A levels but a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in MAO-B immunoreactivity after treatment, suggesting OncoTherad®'s efficacy in targeting the tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive functions of MAO-B. Significant (p < 0.05) reductions in CD163 and FOXP3 immunoreactivities were seen in post-treatment biopsies, indicating a decreased presence of M2 macrophages and Tregs. Corroborating with these results, we observed reductions in tumor histological grading, focality and size, factors that collectively enhanced recurrence-free survival (RFS) and pathological complete response (PCR). Moreover, elevated IFN-γ immunoreactivities in treated biopsies correlated with increased counts of CD8⁺ T cells and higher CX3CR1 expression, underscoring OncoTherad®'s enhancement of cytotoxic T cell functionality and overall antitumor immunity. The IS revealed improvements in immune responses post-treatment, with higher scores associated with better RFS and PCR outcomes. These findings validate OncoTherad®'s capability to modify the bladder cancer microenvironment favorably, promoting effective immune surveillance and response.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"41 11","pages":"287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}