Medical Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Genetic analysis of HPV-16 L1 gene mutations and computational screening of therapeutic inhibitors for cervical cancer treatment.","authors":"Saima Younas, Atiqa Nosheen, Zaryab Ikram Malik, Nazim Hussain, Muhammad Umer Khan, Alaa S Alhegaili, Zakria Shabbir, Sadia Manzoor, Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman, Hafiz Muhammad Hammad","doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-02711-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-025-02711-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer, the fourth most common carcinoma in women worldwide, is predominantly caused by persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) L1 capsid protein plays a crucial role in immune recognition and viral dissemination. This study aims to conduct molecular analysis of the L1 gene from HR-HPV16 samples collected in Lahore, Pakistan, and to identify potential inhibitors against the L1 protein through in-silico analysis. The L1 gene was amplified using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), followed by gel purification and Sanger sequencing. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignments were used to assess variant regions. In silico tools, including ADMET, CB DOCK 2 and Maestro Schrodinger, were employed to evaluate different parameters of various compounds with L1 protein. The study identified mutations in L1 sequences, including V357G, V359G, S369A, AND C371W, which could impact HPV-16 behavior and cancer development. Neoechinulin was identified as a promising HPV16 L1 capsid protein inhibitor with the highest binding energy score (-7.6 kcal/mol) against the L1 protein, suggesting potential antiviral efficacy. These mutations may alter the structural integrity of the L1 protein, potentially influencing HPV-16 infectivity and its role in cervical cancer progression, while virtual screening method demonstrated a cost- effective approach for discovering biologically impactful compounds. Neoechinulin identified as a potential HPV16 L1 capsid protein inhibitor through In Silico tools, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to confirm its antiviral efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 5","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of microbiome modulation in reproductive cancers.","authors":"Mega Obukohwo Oyovwi, Benneth Ben-Azu, Kehinde Henrietta Babawale","doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-02708-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-025-02708-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human microbiome, a complex ecosystem of microbial communities, plays a crucial role in physiological processes, and emerging research indicates a potential link between it and reproductive cancers. This connection highlights the significance of understanding the microbiome's influence on cancer development and treatment. A comprehensive review of current literature was conducted, focusing on studies that investigate the relationship between microbiome composition, reproductive cancer progression, and potential therapeutic approaches to modulate the microbiome. Evidence suggests that imbalances in the microbiome, known as dysbiosis, may contribute to the development and progression of reproductive cancers. Specific microbial populations have been associated with inflammatory responses, immune modulation, and even resistance to conventional therapies. Interventions such as probiotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation have shown promise in restoring healthy microbiome function and improving cancer outcomes in pre-clinical models, with pilot studies in humans indicating potential benefits. This review explores the therapeutic potential of microbiome modulation in the management of reproductive cancers, discussing the mechanisms involved and the evidence supporting microbiome-targeted therapies. Future research is warranted to unravel the complex interactions between the microbiome and reproductive cancer pathophysiology, paving the way for innovative approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 5","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin suppresses malignant behaviors of ovarian cancer through regulation of tumor-associated macrophages.","authors":"Xi Li, Lingzi Su, Chen Qian, Wenchao Qiu, Lin Tao, Zhaowei Guo, Jun Shi, Chaoqin Yu","doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-02682-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-025-02682-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Curcumin, a natural polyphenol with established anti-tumor properties, has shown therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer. However, its mechanisms, particularly through modulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment, remain unexplored. This study aimed to elucidate how curcumin suppresses ovarian cancer progression by regulating TAM polarization. Primary TAMs isolated from ascites of ovarian cancer patients were co-cultured with SKOV3/OVCAR-3 cancer cells. Curcumin was administered at varying doses (5-80 μM) to assess its direct effects on cancer cell viability and its indirect effects via TAM modulation. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, invasion, and cytokine profiles were analyzed using CCK-8, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, Western blot, and functional assays. High-dose curcumin (40-80 μM) directly inhibited cancer cell proliferation. In contrast, low-dose curcumin (5-20 μM) suppressed TAM-induced malignant behaviors: it reduced M2 polarization (CD206⁺ TAMs decreased by 54.89% to 32.14%, p < 0.01) while increasing M1-associated cytokines (IL-12↑, IL-1β↑) and decreasing M2 markers (IL-10↓, TGF-β↓). TAM-conditioned medium primed with 20 μM curcumin significantly attenuated cancer cell migration (scratch closure: 65% vs. 85% in TAM-only group, p < 0.01), invasion, and EMT (E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, Vimentin↓). Our study uncovered the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of curcumin in low doses related to the regulation of TAMs, which might provide novel insight into the treatment of ovarian cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 5","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is activated and functions as an oncogene in pancreatic cancer.","authors":"Jianhua Lu, Qian Dong, Bingtai Zhang, Xuefeng Wang, Bin Ye, Fei Zhang, Xiaoling Song, Guofeng Gao, Jiasheng Mu, Zheng Wang, Fei Ma, Jun Gu","doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-02702-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-025-02702-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 5","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting immune cells in tumor microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer therapy: future perspective to overcome doxorubicin resistance and toxicity.","authors":"Dewajani Purnomosari, Bilqis Zahra Nabila, Sitarina Widyarini, Mustofa","doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-02712-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-025-02712-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has high recurrence and low survival rates among breast cancer types. So far, TNBC treatment has been limited to chemotherapy, which leads to high recurrence and drug resistance. The immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an important role in tumor development and cancer progression. This study aimed to explore how immune cells in TME have been used to treat TNBC cases in combination with Doxorubicin (DOX). Searching was conducted for scientific publications on several databases in the past 10 years (2013-2023). Of the 7622 articles, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria and underwent the extraction process. All articles extracted in this review were preclinical studies on experimental animals. The results indicate the combination of DOX with cyclophosphamide and aminoglutethimide, increasing CD8 + infiltration resulting in tumor growth inhibition. The combination of DOX with vorinostat and molecular PepO also induces anti-tumor activity in the TME via increased infiltration of B cells and T cells and induced transition from M2 into M1. Other results, which lead to better prognosis have been obtained from the combination of DOX with losartan and anti-PD1 that leads to overhauling the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Targeting immune cells in TME such as dendritic cells, tumor-associated macrophages, CD8 + and CD4 + T cells are potentially used as therapeutic targets for TNBC treatment to optimize anti-tumor activity using combinations of DOX and certain drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 5","pages":"150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warhead-bearing natural compounds for multi-pathway irreversible inhibition to overcome drug resistance in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Huaping Hou, Xinqi Liu, Wentao Liu, Pengfei Zhang, Bin Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-02699-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-025-02699-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with approximately 930000 fatalities recorded in 2020. Resistance to conventional therapies continues to be a major obstacle in colorectal cancer treatment, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies to enhance efficacy. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring a multi-target inhibition approach using naturally derived electrophilic compounds, offering a potential solution to overcome drug resistance. Key CRC-covalent targets-EGFR, SRC, AKT1, HER2, and ERK2-were identified through network pharmacology and protein-protein interaction analysis. A panel of natural compounds, including ophiobolin A, deoxyelephantopin, eupalmerin acetate, curcumin, andrographolide, and syringolin A, was assessed for their inhibitory potential, benchmarking their activity against reference chemotherapeutics. Covalent docking and covalent molecular dynamics (CMD) were performed for 30 ligand-protein complexes to evaluate the binding affinities of the studied compounds. Against EGFR, curcumin displayed a competitive docking score of - 9.458 kcal/mol and ΔG_bind of - 23.00 kcal/mol, closely matching the performance of afatinib (- 10.134 kcal/mol and - 24.28 kcal/mol, respectively). Syringolin A and andrographolide also exhibited strong binding affinities for EGFR. Against SRC, curcumin and andrographolide demonstrated excellent binding potential, achieving docking scores of - 8.360 and - 6.585 kcal/mol and ΔG_bind values of - 38.91 and - 34.00 kcal/mol, respectively. In the case of AKT1, andrographolide displayed a competitive performance (- 8.044 kcal/mol, ΔG_bind: - 32.00 kcal/mol), followed by curcumin and syringolin A. Andrographolide achieved the strongest binding affinity among the natural compounds against HER2 (- 7.006 kcal/mol, ΔG_bind: - 21.01 kcal/mol) and ERK2 (- 7.640 kcal/mol, ΔG_bind: - 33.00 kcal/mol), outperforming curcumin (- 7.468 kcal/mol, ΔG_bind: - 31.23 kcal/mol) and deoxyelephantopin (- 6.517 kcal/mol, ΔG_bind: - 29.01 kcal/mol). These results underscore the strong binding affinities of natural compounds to CRC targets and suggest that these compounds, either as standalone agents or in combination therapies, could complement existing chemotherapeutics by overcoming treatment resistance, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes in CRC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 5","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles coated with metal-polyphenol networks for demethylation therapy of lung cancer.","authors":"Jingsi Wang, Xufeng Deng, Manyuan Li, Xiaobing Liu, Quanxing Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-02681-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-025-02681-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of lung cancer with azacitidine (AZA) is urgently in need of a novel delivery material due to its limitations, including a short half-life, high cytotoxicity, and poor tumor targeting. To overcome these limitations, the coordination of Gallic acid-catechin-gallate with Fe³⁺ and its encapsulation on the surface of mPDA loaded with AZA (mA@EF) was prepared. mA@EF exhibited a uniform distribution of regular spherical particles with good stability and drug release properties. In cell experiments, mA@EF effectively inhibited cell viability, promoted cellular uptake, and downregulated the expression of DNA methyltransferases. Moreover, mA@EF demonstrated good biosafety. In animal experiments, mA@EF showed strong tumor-targeting and retention activity, and significantly inhibited the growth of tumor. This discovery provided a feasible dosing regimen for AZA treatment in lung cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 5","pages":"147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mcl-1 is an important target protein for kaempferol from persimmon leaves in sensitizing ABT-199 to induce apoptosis in hepatoma cancer cells.","authors":"Li Chen, Xu Dong Jiang, Xue Ping Liu, Yu Zhao Lee, Chau Ling Tham, Rohana Yusof, Si Gao, Ming Tatt Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-02696-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-025-02696-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overexpression of Mcl-1 causes hepatocellular carcinoma resistance to Bcl-2 inhibitors, but there are currently no direct Mcl-1 inhibitors available for clinical application. Our previous research demonstrated that kaempferol from persimmon leaves (KPL) can sensitize ABT-199 to inhibit liver cancer cell proliferation. This study further explored the effect of KPL sensitizing ABT-199 on liver cancer cell apoptosis and its potential mechanisms. The inhibitory effects of KPL and ABT-199, both individually and in combination, on the proliferation of HepG2, Huh7, and HCCLM3 cells were evaluated. Cell apoptosis and mitochondrial morphology were assessed with flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, respectively. Apoptosis and changes in Mcl-1 protein expression were evaluated after siMcl-1 knockdown. Molecular docking simulations were used to analyze the interactions of KPL and ABT-199, both individually and in combination, with Mcl-1 protein. The effect of KPL on Mcl-1 stability was investigated with proteasome inhibitor MG132. The results demonstrated that KPL showed a strong sensitizing effect on ABT-199 (CI value < 1), enhanced liver cancer cell proliferation inhibition and increased apoptosis rate. Combined treatment led to mitochondrial fragmentation and swelling, and significantly reduced Mcl-1 expression. siMcl-1 interference resulted in little difference in apoptosis rates and Mcl-1 expression between the combination treatment and untreated groups. Molecular docking revealed that KPL increased the affinity of ABT-199 for Mcl-1, whereas MG132 prevented KPL from downregulating Mcl-1 expression. These findings suggest that KPL enhances ABT-199-induced apoptosis in HCC cells by targeting Mcl-1 protein through increasing the affinity between ABT-199 and Mcl-1, while also promoting Mcl-1 degradation by affecting post-translational modifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 5","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin-gold nanoshell mediated near-infrared irradiation on human ovarian cancer cell: in vitro study.","authors":"Samaneh Rokhgireh, Shahla Chaichian, Abolfazl Mehdizadeh Kashi, Bahareh Haji Ali, Kobra Tehermanesh, Marziyeh Ajdary, Setare Nasir, Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi, Neda Eslahi","doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-02687-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-025-02687-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer is considered a predominant female reproductive malignancy and poses a significant threat due to its 80-90% fatality rate. The typical approach involves surgery and chemotherapy, which due to problems such as drug resistance, encourage researchers to use new methods such as nanotechnology. The current study introduces a novel strategy: leveraging Curcumin-Gold Nanoshells (Cur-AuNShs) to combat chemotherapy's adverse effects and overcome drug resistance through hyperthermia mediation. Gold-based nanoparticles that absorb laser have shown the potential to target and treat cancer selectively through highly efficient light-to-heat conversion. This experimental study focused on the synthesis of AuNShs and their subsequent conjugation with Cur. The gold shell coverage on the surfaces of silica nanoparticles was examined using UV-VIS spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential analysis were employed to evaluate the stability of particle size and surface charge. Human ovarian carcinoma cell lines (SKOV-3) were treated with a combination of Cur (15 μM) and AuNShs (75 μM), under the activation of near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation at a power of 2.5 W/cm³ for 5 or 10 min. Cell viability was then assessed using the MTT assay. Lastly, the expression levels of Bax, Bcl2, and HSPB1 genes were analyzed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) technique. The average diameter of the AuNShs was measured at 70 ± 7.1 nm. Findings revealed that after a 48 h incubation with Cur-AuNShs followed by 10 min of laser irradiation, cell viability decreased significantly from 44.3 ± 1.7 to 14.4 ± 1. Analysis using real-time PCR showed an increase in Bax expression alongside a decrease in Bcl2 expression. Additionally, the expression of the HSPB1 gene was reduced from 1.35 ± 1 to 0.9 ± 0.65 in the laser-treated Cur-AuNShs-NIR group. The AuNShs, when combined with hyperthermia at 43 °C, demonstrated potential as an effective carrier for Cur administration. This combination was associated with a greater activation of apoptosis compared to the free drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 5","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noncoding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated regulation of TLRs: critical regulator of inflammation in tumor microenvironment.","authors":"Tawfeeq Alghazali, Abdulrahman T Ahmed, Uday Abdul-Reda Hussein, Gaurav Sanghvi, Subasini Uthirapathy, Reem Turki Edan, Madan Lal, Debasish Shit, K Satyam Naidu, Ahmed Khudhair Al-Hamairy","doi":"10.1007/s12032-025-02690-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-025-02690-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are central components of the innate immune system as they recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens and cellular damage and initiate immune responses using MyD88- and TRIF-dependent pathways. In contrast to being very useful for immune defense, dysregulated TLR signaling may be involved in diseases, such as cancer and autoimmune conditions. In cancer, TLRs create an environment that supports tumorigenesis and growth. In addition to this, a class of multifunctional noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, regulate gene expression without encoding proteins. MiRNAs regulate gene expression in a fine-tuned manner, while lncRNAs and circRNAs do so via diverse mechanisms. Notably, these ncRNAs interact, where lncRNAs and circRNAs function as competing endogenous RNAs and ceRNA, affecting miRNA activity. This interaction has a vital role in cancer pathology, in influencing that of various oncogenes and tumor suppressors in the tumor microenvironment; hence, modulation of ncRNAs could also be a great promising therapeutic approach. In this context, interplay between TLRs and ncRNAs is of paramount importance as they influence various parameters of the tumor microenvironment. TLR signaling works upon the expression of ncRNAs, while ncRNAs work back to regulate TLR signaling in return. An example of this includes miRNA targeting of components of the TLR; lncRNAs induced by TLR signaling possibly would favor tumor progression. Pharmacological interventions directed toward inhibiting these TLR pathways could be the model to halt malignancy by hampering pro-tumor inflammation and boosting immune responses against neoplasms. Hence, the review will highlight the complicated contrast of ncRNAs and TLRs within human cancer. By connecting the mechanisms, the researchers may study more about tumorigenesis and gather up new, innovative notions regarding therapeutic targeting.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 5","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}