Medical Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Muqtada Shaikh, Gaurav Doshi","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02589-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02589-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer remains a leading global health challenge requiring innovative, therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. This review explores the pivotal roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNA, micro RNA, and circular RNA, in breast cancer biology. We highlight how these molecules regulate critical signaling pathways, influence tumor microenvironments, and contribute to treatment resistance. Our findings underscore the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis and as treatment targets for personalized treatment strategies. To pave the way for innovative cancer management approaches, we investigate the complex interactions of ncRNAs and their impact on tumor progression. This comprehensive review enhances our understanding of breast cancer biology while emphasizing the translational significance of ncRNA research in developing effective treatment strategies. Additional research and clinical studies are required to confirm the diagnostic and medicinal value of ncRNAs in breast cancer. Investigating the complex networks of ncRNA interactions and their links to other biological pathways can lead to the discovery of new treatment targets. Furthermore, leveraging advanced technologies, such as machine learning and multi-omics methods, will be critical in improving our understanding of ncRNAs biomarkers and translating these insights into impactful clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanobodies as innovative immune checkpoint modulators: advancing cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"Mohammad Hosseininejad-Chafi, Zohre Eftekhari, Akbar Oghalaie, Mahdi Behdani, Nazli Sotoudeh, Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02588-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-024-02588-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune system relies on a delicate balance between attacking harmful pathogens and preserving the body's own tissues, a balance maintained by immune checkpoints. These checkpoints play a critical role in preventing autoimmune diseases by restraining excessive immune responses while allowing the immune system to recognize and destroy abnormal cells, such as tumors. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become central to cancer therapy, enabling the immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells that evade detection. Traditional antibodies, such as IgGs, have been widely used in immune therapies but are limited by their size and complexity. Nanobodies (Nbs), derived from camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies, offer a promising alternative. These small, stable antibody fragments retain the antigen-binding specificity of traditional antibodies but have enhanced solubility and the ability to target otherwise inaccessible epitopes. This review explores the use of Nbs as ICIs, emphasizing their potential in cancer immunotherapy and other immune-related treatments. Their unique structural properties and small size make Nbs highly effective tools for modulating immune responses, representing a novel approach in the evolving landscape of checkpoint inhibitor therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baicalein, a natural flavonoid in gastrointestinal cancers treatment: recent trends and future perspectives.","authors":"Pooja Sharma, Deeksha Pal, Anita Rani Gill, Mahiti Gupta, Soniya Goyal, Poonam Bansal, Ujjawal Sharma, Darin Mansor Mathkor, Shafiul Haque, Damandeep Kaur, Hardeep SinghTuli","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02587-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-024-02587-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal cancer is a malignant condition of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) which affect multi-organs of digestive system, such as esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Gastrointestinal cancer is a 5th most common malignant cancer and 4th major cause in cancer-related mortality rate. Various significant facilities are available that have reduced the radio-resistance, chemo-resistance, and their adverse side effects. However, there are serious side effects associated with chemical and radiations during the process. Baicalein is a natural flavonoid extracted from dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, showing anti-cancerous property. It is also participating in inhibiting metastasis, accelerating apoptosis and elevating autophagy through inhibition of inflammation and cell proliferation. In this review, we have focused on Chemistry and pharmacokinetics of Baicalein for drug designing and clinical applications majorly in gastrointestinal cancer. Moreover, various types of cancer related to gastrointestinal, role of nanotechnology, and its synergism for reducing cancer are also discussed. Thus, the review would be beneficial to explore the role of baicalein against gastrointestinal cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotheranostics for gynecological cancers: a path forward for Africa.","authors":"Mutia Kehwalla Aza, Anavami Suberu, Mahmood Balogun, Goodness Adegbola, Mohamed Alie Sankoh, Thomas Oyediran, Nicholas Aderinto, Gbolahan Olatunji, Emmanuel Kokori, Chinonyelum Emmanuel Agbo","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02582-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-024-02582-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoparticle-based therapies represent a transformative approach to managing gynecological cancers, offering targeted treatment strategies that minimize harm to healthy tissues while maximizing therapeutic efficacy. Despite their potential, implementing these advanced treatments in Africa is needed by a complex interplay of technological, economic, regulatory, and ethical challenges. This paper examines the current landscape of nanoparticle-based therapies, identifying critical barriers to their adoption, including inadequate infrastructure, high costs, and insufficient regulatory frameworks. Technological deficiencies manifest as a need for advanced nanoparticle synthesis, delivery, and diagnostics equipment, impeding research and clinical applications. Economically, the high production costs of nanoparticles, compounded by limited access to advanced diagnostic and treatment facilities, create significant financial barriers for healthcare systems and patients alike. Additionally, the regulatory environment needs to be more cohesive, characterized by a lack of established protocols and expertise to evaluate the unique properties of nanomedicines. However, opportunities for advancement exist through focused research and development initiatives. Targeted drug delivery systems, early detection methods, and immunotherapy integration are promising avenues to enhance treatment outcomes. Collaborative partnerships between African institutions and international research entities, alongside public-private collaborations, could bolster local capabilities in nanomedicine. To facilitate the integration of nanoparticle-based therapies, African governments must prioritize funding for nanomedicine research, create robust regulatory frameworks, and ensure equitable access to these innovative treatments. A concerted effort involving policy reforms, investment, and collaboration is essential for overcoming existing barriers and realizing the full potential of nanoparticle-based therapies in improving health outcomes for gynecological cancer patients across Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase I study of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with S-1 for clinically resectable type 4 or large type 3 gastric cancer in elderly patients aged 75 years and older (OGSG1303).","authors":"Masayuki Shinkai, Motohiro Imano, Masaki Yokokawa, Jin Matsuyama, Yutaka Kimura, Toshio Shimokawa, Hisato Kawakami, Taroh Satoh, Takushi Yasuda, Hiroshi Furukawa","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02583-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02583-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose The prognosis for type 4 and large type 3 gastric cancer (GC) is extremely poor, especially in elderly patients (≥ 75 years). To improve the prognosis of these types of GC, we performed a phase I study to determine the recommended dose (RD) of S-1 combined with neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Methods Patients with clinically resectable type 4 and large type 3 GC were enrolled to successive cohorts in a conventional 3 + 3 design. Three dose levels were designed, as follows: level 0: S-1 60 mg/m²/day on Days 1-14; level 1: S-1 80 mg/m²/day on Days 1 -14; level 2: S-1 80 mg/m²/day on Days 1-14 and Days 22-35. The starting dose was level 1. Radiotherapy was delivered at a total dose of 40 Gy in fractions for 4 weeks. Results Ten patients were enrolled from July 2014 to August 2018. Six patients were registered at level 1, and one patient developed a dose limiting toxicity as gastric stenosis (grade 3). Two of four patients enrolled at level 2 developed dose limiting toxicity (inability to receive S-1 for hematological reasons). Therefore, the RD was determined as level 1. All patients underwent the protocol surgery; one patient underwent R1 resection because of positive peritoneal washing cytology. There were no treatment-related deaths, and the pathological response rate was 80%. The 5-year overall- and progression-free survival rates were both 60.0%. Conclusion The RD was determined as level 1. A phase II trial using the RD should be initiated.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic effects of bee venom-loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles on thyroid cancer cells: a promising strategy for targeted therapy.","authors":"Hasan İlhan, Dilek Kabakcı, Mücahit Seçme","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02584-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-024-02584-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid cancer continues to be a notable health issue, requiring the creation of novel treatment methods to enhance patient results. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of utilizing bee venom (BV)-loaded zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles as a novel strategy for specifically targeting and treating medullary thyroid cancer cells. Due to their wide surface area and configurable pore size, ZIF-8 nanoparticles are ideal for drug delivery. Bee venom's cytotoxic capabilities are used in ZIF-8 nanoparticles to target thyroid cancer cells more effectively. ZIF-8 nanoparticles containing bee venom were tested on TT medullary thyroid cancer cell lines. The effects of these nanoparticles on cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were investigated. IC₅₀ value at 24 h for BV-ZIF-8 nanoparticles in TT medullary thyroid carcinoma cells was determined to be 17.19 µg/mL, while the IC₅₀ value at 48 h was determined to be 16.39 µg/mL. It has been demonstrated that nanoparticle treatment upregulates the Bax and caspase-3 genes while downregulating the Bcl-2, CCND1, and CDK4 genes. Additionally, it was observed that oxidative stress was triggered in the nanoparticle-treated group. Furthermore, an examination of its mechanisms was conducted, with a specific emphasis on the modulation of critical signaling pathways that are implicated in the progression of cancer. In thyroid cancer cells, ZIF-8 nanoparticles infused with bee venom promote programmed cell death and impair key biological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LHX3 promotes EMT in hepatoma cell through β-catenin/TCF4 pathway.","authors":"Jie Xia, Ke Chen, Jiaqi Wang, Jing Wang, Yi Fan, Qian Li, Lingjun Kong, Zhonglan You","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02585-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-024-02585-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant cancer and lacks effective therapeutic targets. The role of LIM/homeobox protein Lhx3 (LHX3) has been extensively studied in various tumor tissues, where it has been identified as a promoter of tumorigenesis and malignancy. However, the specific functional role and potential mechanism of LHX3 in human HCCs are not clearly clarified. We found that LHX3 was overexpressed in HCC tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Moreover, it was observed that LHX3 promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells, leading to increased proliferation, migration, and viability, and adhesion ability in vitro. Mechanistically, LHX3 facilitated TCF4 binding to β-catenin, forming a stable LHX3/TCF4/β-catenin complex that activated downstream target genes. Disruption of the β-catenin/TCF4 interaction by Toxoflavin prevented the EMT of HCC cells. Overall, these findings highlight the critical role of LHX3 in the EMT of HCC cells through the β-catenin/TCF4 axis, suggesting the LHX3/β-catenin/TCF4 axis as a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing miRNA cancer research through artificial intelligence: from biomarker discovery to therapeutic targeting.","authors":"Raghu Aswathy, Varghese Angel Chalos, Kanagaraj Suganya, Sundaravadivelu Sumathi","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02579-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02579-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, play a vital role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Their discovery has profoundly impacted therapeutic strategies, particularly in cancer treatment, where RNA therapeutics, including miRNA-based targeted therapies, have gained prominence. Advances in RNA sequencing technologies have facilitated a comprehensive exploration of miRNAs-from fundamental research to their diagnostic and prognostic potential in various diseases, notably cancers. However, the manual handling and interpretation of vast RNA datasets pose significant challenges. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized biological research by efficiently extracting insights from complex data. Machine learning algorithms, particularly deep learning techniques are effective for identifying critical miRNAs across different cancers and developing prognostic models. Moreover, the integration of AI has led to the creation of comprehensive miRNA databases for identifying mRNA and gene targets, thus facilitating deeper understanding and application in cancer research. This review comprehensively examines current developments in the application of machine learning techniques in miRNA research across diverse cancers. We discuss their roles in identifying biomarkers, elucidating miRNA targets, establishing disease associations, predicting prognostic outcomes, and exploring broader AI applications in cancer research. This review aims to guide researchers in leveraging AI techniques effectively within the miRNA field, thereby accelerating advancements in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorcin: mechanisms of action in cancer hallmarks, drug resistance and opportunities in therapeutics.","authors":"Sushmita Ghosh, Arpana Sharma, R Suresh Kumar, Vilas Nasare","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02580-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02580-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soluble resistant related calcium binding protein (Sorcin) plays an important role in tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and multidrug resistance. Differential expression of Sorcin across different cancers significantly correlates with key clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes, underscoring its potential as a prognostic marker. Its involvement in drug-resistant cancers further advert Sorcin as a promising therapeutic target. This review summarizes the mechanistic role of Sorcin in cancer, its contribution to drug resistance, clinical relevance, and the current and emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at translating Sorcin-targeted therapies into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LncRNAs in modulating cancer cell resistance to paclitaxel (PTX) therapy.","authors":"Ali G Alkhathami, Harikumar Pallathadka, Sejal Shah, Subbulakshmi Ganesan, Abhishek Sharma, Seema Devi, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Mohammed Qasim Alasheqi, Abed J Kadhim, Ahmed Hussein Zwamel","doi":"10.1007/s12032-024-02577-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12032-024-02577-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used for treating several cancers, including breast, ovarian, lung, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and neck cancers. Despite its clinical utility, cancer recurrence frequently occurs in patients due to the development of resistance to PTX. Resistance mechanisms in cancer cells treated with PTX include alterations in β-tubulin, the target molecule involved in mitosis, activation of molecular pathways enabling drug efflux, and dysregulation of apoptosis-related proteins. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides without protein-coding potential, serve diverse regulatory roles in cellular processes. Increasing evidence highlights the involvement of lncRNAs in cancer progression and their contribution to PTX resistance across various cancers. Consequently, lncRNAs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for addressing drug resistance in cancer treatment. This review focuses on the current understanding of lncRNAs and their role in drug resistance mechanisms, aiming to encourage further investigation in this area. Key lncRNAs and their associated pathways linked to PTX resistance will be summarized.</p>","PeriodicalId":18433,"journal":{"name":"Medical Oncology","volume":"42 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}