Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3最新文献

{"title":"A Generalized Consolidated Topology Optimization and DfAM Design Approach and its Application for Assembly Design","authors":"E. Dowdell, Kevin Conklin, I. Kim","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.94","url":null,"abstract":"— As additive manufacturing (AM) is widely adopted, there is a growing need for design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) tools and design methodologies. The increased design freedom allotted by AM has facilitated the adoption of topology optimization (TO) for AM. This presents an opportunity to introduce TO into DfAM best practices to improve assembly designs. A consolidated topology optimization and DfAM design approach for general assembly design is proposed. Unlike current DfAM methodologies, all critical aspects of assembly design are incorporated to ensure a fully optimized design. The efficacy of the consolidated design approach is demonstrated by its implementation for the redesign of a Bombardier business aircraft cockpit pedestal assembly. The manufacturing cost was reduced by 18%, satisfying the primary design objective. The installation cost will be greatly lowered due to a reduced assembly complexity: A major and minor part count and fastener count reduction of 17%, 89% and 56% was achieved. The current paper contributes to the applicability and efficacy of DfAM by outlining a generalized design procedure sufficiently complex and complete for industry level assembly design problems.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115728542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Battery Charge and Discharge Behavior Based on Measured Field Data","authors":"D. Theuerkauf, J. Torrealba, A. Swingler","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.103","url":null,"abstract":"Work was completed for Delta-q based off the NSERC Engage grant awarded to Dr. Andrew Swingler. Bespoke battery monitors were installed on 48V golf cart battery packs around Prince Edward Island and monitored multiple parameters of performance on a five second interval. These monitors captured complete charge and discharge cycles of multiple charger types and discharge profiles from varied real-world courses. This data was plotted and analyzed for events and trends in the datasets. Common characteristics were found between all chargers, and interesting events were noted. This led to reasoning what the optimal traits of a golf cart charger are for longevity of batteries and end user satisfaction. From observing this data, an opportunity for improvement of battery test bench set ups was found. It was found that the dynamics of lead acid battery performance was not accounted for with existing test bench set ups, and this could substantially impact the batteries performance and longevity in real world applications.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123632720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Causality-based Concurrent Engineering Tool to Support CubeSat Conceptual Design","authors":"Stephen Peters, C. Fortin, G. McSorley","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1227","url":null,"abstract":"Modern aerospace conceptual design processes often involve large numbers of personnel from a wide variety of disciplines working on a complex electro-mechanical system. An ongoing challenge is integrating said personnel and their system-related information within a stringent systems engineering environment for the development of a technically complex product. Specific to conceptual design, there is also an intensive iteration process combined with a relative lack of product definition. This leads to problems when using traditional product lifecycle management tools, which rely heavily on the geometry-focused product structure. The objective of this research is to better support conceptual design of CubeSats by developing a software tool to address these issues. Our efforts have been focused on producing a new concurrent engineering tool specifically tailored for the conceptual design phase of CubeSats. This tool is based on the SAPPhIRE (change of S tate, A ction, P art, Ph enomenon, I nputs, o R gans and physical E ffects) model of causality. It was originally developed to be a flexible representation of both natural and artificial entities to stimulate innovation via analogy, enabling development of novel ideas during conceptual design. More specifically, the use of function, behaviour and structure constructs found in the SAPPhIRE model for illustrating causality shifts reliance from the product structure towards the more consistent system states and resultant behaviour. Despite its flexibility, the model was not originally developed as a knowledge or information management tool for systems development, and so modifications were required to accommodate typical analysis and data files found in conceptual design. To assess its feasibility as a data framework, preliminary work has involved creating high-level SAPPhIRE models consisting of pre-existing files containing conceptual design information related to each subsystem. These representations were used as blueprints for the construction of the design support tool which has been used to further evaluate the capability of the SAPPhIRE model to support conceptual design. This JavaFX software package is based on the preliminary models. Major features include a consolidated location for all engineering information, a dynamic graphical user interface, and a consistent inter-subsystem software architecture to promote integration. During the evaluation period, participants were asked to perform several practical tasks while navigating the structure, Performance and feedback were recorded regarding the software’s ability to convey causality among design domains, organize analytical data logically, and its potential to facilitate typical design activities. This presentation will discuss the results and relevant conclusions on the SAPPhIRE model as a data framework to support the conceptual design of CubeSats.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129623233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of a Sliding Mode Observer-based Sensor Fault Reconstruction Algorithm for DC Motors","authors":"Jaho Seo, K. Oh","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1179","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a sensor fault reconstruction algorithm for DC motors using a sliding mode observer. The sliding mode observer was designed through modeling the DC motor dynamics with actual system parameters and applying a linear transformation matrix for state transformation. In the designed observer, a discrete injection term was considered to achieve asymptotic stability of the error dynamics. Evaluations were conducted using an actual DC motor test platform to validate the performance of the proposed fault reconstruction algorithm. Evaluation results show that the developed algorithm can reconstruct a sensor fault signal to represent an actual fault signal with small errors. Keywords-sliding mode observer; voltage sensor fault; injection term; DC motor; fault reconstruction","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127186135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Testing of a Fluid-Cable Transmission","authors":"P. Goldsmith, Jorge Zapote Castilla, A. Irwin, R. Brennan","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.121","url":null,"abstract":"—This paper describes the principles, design, and testing of a novel transmission that combines the advantages of fluid and cable elements. The cable and fluid run concentrically inside a single flexible hose to connect a master piston to a remote slave piston. Together, the fluid and cable transmit bidirectional forces and motions. Since fluid acts on only one side of each piston, low-friction, leak-proof rolling diaphragms may be used instead of o-rings. The fluid-cable transmission eliminates the need for antagonistic cables and overcomes the friction and force limitations of conventional push-pull cables. It may be used as a low-friction remote actuation system in medical devices, assistive technology, and robotic manipulators. We analyze its transmission stiffness, describe its design and manufacture, and report on progress towards comparative testing.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134360250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Mat Design and Manufacturing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Needle-punched Flax Fiber-reinforced Composites.","authors":"Shadhin, Raghavan Jayaraman, Mashiur Rahman","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1286","url":null,"abstract":"- Flax is one of the natural fibers currently pursued as a renewable source to replace glass fibers in polymer composites. Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), used to manufacture medium to large sized composites for transportation industries, require non-woven mats. The manufacturing (permeability) and structural (volume fraction (V f ), and thickness) requirements for the non-woven mats used in VARTM process, should be met. Unlike glass, flax mats are neither optimized, to yield desired permeability for easy impregnation, compaction, final part thickness, fiber volume fraction, and properties, nor are commercially manufactured in North America. Developing this knowledge is the focus of this study. Effect of needle punch density on flax fiber mat structure (areal density, V f , thickness, and permeability) and the effect of consolidation pressure while manufacturing composites on its structure (V f , part thickness) and properties was studied. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of needle-punched flax composites, manufactured using VARTM pressure as well as compression molding pressures (subsequent to VARTM molding), were measured and used in evaluating the effect of various parameters identified above. Mats manufactured with 20, 30, and 72 punches/cm 2 needle punch density were used. The permeability decreased with increase in the punch density. The consolidation of, fiber volume fraction in, and properties of composites manufactured using mat with loosely bound (72 P with 2 mm needle punch depth) fibers were higher than the tightly bound mats (20P and 30P with 8 mm needle punch depth).","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129290882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a Low Fidelity Catenary Model Developed Using a Novel Optimization Algorithm","authors":"Rosalie Morin, B. Shiff, Kee Seung Oh, S. Roper, I. Kim","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.106","url":null,"abstract":"Contact wire pre-sag directly impacts the current quality collection in a high-speed railway catenary. Due to this, the initial configuration of the catenary geometry plays an important role on the dynamic performance of the railway. Therefore, accurately representing the initial equilibrium state of the catenary based on specific design requirements is crucial to obtain accurate dynamic results. Despite its importance, there are only a few publications in this area that present methods that can accommodate desired amount of presag in the contact wire and are computationally efficient. The goal of this paper is to present a catenary system that has been modelled using a novel optimization method and validate its dynamic response from its interaction with a pantograph system against the reference model results in BS EN 50318. The novel optimization methodology presented in this paper employs a gradient-based algorithm with a modified finite difference method to solve the initial equilibrium geometry of the catenary. The pantograph and catenary systems are modelled using a commercial finite element software and the post-processing of the results is done using in-house code. A penalty contact-force model is used to represent the contact behavior between the pantograph-catenary system and a threestep simulation procedure is used to achieve better convergence of results. The results from the simulation demonstrated good accordance with the reference model results in BS EN 50318. Keywordscatenary modelling; initial equilibrium problem; pantograph-catenary dynamic interaction; finite element analysis","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"17 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120845157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Yield Stress on the Performance of Viscosity Regularization","authors":"A. Ahmadi, I. Karimfazli","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1197","url":null,"abstract":"—In this study we investigate the effect of yield stress on the performance of viscosity regularization models in predicting unsteady flow of yield stress fluids. Viscosity regularization is popular for its simplicity of implementation into CFD codes and relatively low computational cost; however, the discussion on the limitations of this method in predicting the flow behavior has remained qualitative. We present a quantitative comparison between regularization and exact rheology in predicting natural convection of the Bingham fluids in a square cavity with differen- tially heated sidewalls. We consider a range of Bingham numbers and compare viscosity regularization results with augmented Lagrangian solutions. We show that the accuracy of viscosity regularization declines as the Bingham number increases. We also show that for high yield stress values the computational cost of viscosity regularization increases significantly.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"494 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116197059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of High-Order Schemes Using the Cartesian Cut-Stencil Method for Numerical Solution of PDEs","authors":"R. Barron, Y. Yu, K. Fukuda, R. Balachandar","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1245","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of a “cut-stencil” combined with the finite difference method has been successfully applied to numerically solve partial differential equations on arbitrary domains with complex irregular and curved boundaries. Since a Cartesian mesh can be used to discretize a complex region, it has been used to develop a new pure finite difference formulation. Most of the published research with this method has focused on achieving second-order accurate solutions of the linear convection-diffusion equation and the streamfunction-vorticity equations of 2D incompressible fluid flow. Many researchers have used the Cartesian mesh approach with the finite volume method, and all have to deal with the issue of cut cells, i.e., those rectangular cells that are cut when they intersect with the boundary of the flow domain. This leads to complicated cell connectivity, volume and face information. In the current study, our approach is based on the 5-point stencil (in 2D) attached to each node in the mesh instead of the cells surrounding each node. The mesh can be constructed so that the stencils are uniform for nodes in the domain interior, but arms of some stencils may be cut for nodes near a boundary. For this reason, we refer to this approach as the “Cartesian cut-stencil” method. In this case, standard finite difference formulae can be applied at interior nodes, but the non-uniform stencils at near-boundary nodes render the finite difference approach inapplicable at these nodes. A similar situation arises if the mesh is locally clustered as, for example, in the case of a boundary layer mesh. The Cartesian cut-stencil method overcomes this limitation by mapping non-uniform physical stencils onto a uniform computational stencil.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123672061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Study on Belleville Springs as Vibrational Element of Passive Vibration Assisted Rotary Drilling (pVARD) Tool for Drilling Performance Applications","authors":"Md. Shaheen Shah, Dipesh Maharjan, A. Abugharara, S. Imtiaz, S. Butt","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1194","url":null,"abstract":"—A novel small-scale laboratory drilling tool, passive Vibration Assisted Rotary Drilling (pVARD) was previously designed and tested through intensive laboratory experiments in the Drilling Technology Laboratory at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. The initial laboratory small-scale pVARD prototype showed promising results in enhancing drilling performance. The current laboratory drilling simulator (LDS) pVARD prototype is designed for wider-range drilling parameters of up to 100 kN of applied Weight on Bit (WOB), 1200 N-m of torque, and up to 1000 rpm of rotational speed. For optimal pVARD configurations and best drilling results, a pVARD operational detail is an important step. The study of this paper concentrates on mechanically designing the pVARD compatible to the LDS, selecting optimal Belleville Springs, conducting experimental and simulation studies to optimize Belleville Springs stacking and pVARD configurations. The mechanical and simulation studies include conducting dynamic and static compression tests as well as a numerical study using simulation on various scenarios of Belleville Spring stacking. The initial mechanical compression tests, numerical study, and subsequent planned intensive drilling experiments can collectively provide important information in optimizing the pVARD fundamentals and can provide pVARD pre-setting and configurations based on the rock types to be drilled and the drilling parameters to be applied for the optimal drilling performance. The results of spring compression tests with the results of drilling performance (planned) can be analyzed based on drilling with and without pVARD. The results can also include the analysis of vibrations produced in both drilling systems recorded by an associated laser sensor.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128638468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}