Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3最新文献

{"title":"Experimental Study of a Wind-Powered Heat Generator with Nanofluids Agitation","authors":"M. Javed, X. Duan","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.129","url":null,"abstract":"Modern wind turbines are generally used for generation of electricity, however the final form of energy required by user in many cases is thermal energy. Although conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy is a high efficiency process but the efficiency of electricity generation from wind turbines is usually low. We proposed a novel direct wind thermal energy conversion (WinTEC) device that converts the kinetic energy from wind directly into thermal energy through the process of viscous dissipation which is achieved through agitation of a working fluid in a container. Water based Aluminum oxide nanofluid is used as working fluid because of its superior thermal fluid properties. This WinTEC device uses an optimized flat blade turbine (FBT) with a baffled design. We use four standard baffles each 10% the diameter of the cylindrical container for maximum power dissipation. An electric motor is used to provide the mechanical input and a torque sensor and tachometer are used to measure the efficiency of the heat generator in converting this mechanical energy into thermal energy. Experiments are conducted at different rotational speeds and for different working fluids: distilled water and nanofluid. Our results indicate that the rate of temperature rise increases for higher rotational speed and greater nanoparticle concentration. The device will be scalable to fit the size and need of a house or a commercial building. This innovative renewable energy technology would have a beneficial impact on the economic prosperity, environmental sustainability, and social well-being in many regions of the world, particularly, in remote cold regions with rich wind energy resources.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124586390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Dynamics of SCARA Variant","authors":"P. Ouyang, Manjeet Tummalapalli, W. Yue, Luigi M. Addante","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1269","url":null,"abstract":"The SCARA robot has been extensively used for industrial applications for many years. If the applications’ requirements need to be modified, per say the physical limitation of the workspace restricts the vertical movement in the system, there may need a modification to the SCARA robot configuration that can accompany to these needed changes. The motivation behind this research is to propose a SCARA variant as an alternative, with the popularity and applications of a SCARA robot. The main objective is to relocate the vertical prismatic joint and study the computational dynamics of the SCARA variant and the performances. The work done in this research is to design a new SCARA variant of changing the order of joints that limits the vertical motion of the SCARA. The vertical prismatic joint in this modified SCARA variant is changed to axis 2 from axis 3 in the original configuration. The SCARA variant has been analyzed for the forward and inverse kinematics based on the transformation matrix method. The dynamic model for the SCARA variant has been developed by using the Lagrangian equation, and the systematic steps presented in this work can be easily applied for other robotic systems. The computational torque for each joint of the SCARA variant can be obtained for any prescribed trajectories. In this paper, linear and nonlinear trajectories, such as straight line, ellipse, and circular trajectories have been selected in the simulation study. Consistent results for torque requirements have been observed with the linear trajectory having the least values, followed by ellipse, and the circular trajectory having the highest values. For all the trajectories, the prismatic joint at axis 2 has the highest torque required and the revolute joint at axis 4 has the least. The values of the required forces on the robot are consistent and within the limits of industrial applications. Simulations for required forces show acceptable results. The computational dynamics can be used as a guide tool for the selection of the actuators in the real implementation. This design can be used as an alternative for the standard SCARA when some new requirements of the application arise. It would be interesting to use the proposed SCARA variant to study the control torques required for trajectories and the tracking errors along the desired trajectory, which can be a future work.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116620950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Time-dependent Herschel-Bulkley Model for Synthetic Bronchial Mucus","authors":"O. Lafforgue, I. Seyssiecq, S. Poncet, J. Favier, L. Morin","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1253","url":null,"abstract":"Airway mucus is a complex material from a rheological point of view exhibiting a yield stress, shear-thinning, viscoplastic and thixotropic properties. Collecting real mucus being quite challenging and inducing a huge variability of the samples, mucus simulants are usually preferred to investigate in details its rheology and derive behavioral law, which are of prime importance to develop helping clearance devices and advanced numerical models. From new measurements through series of stepwise changes of shear rate, a time-dependent HerschelBulkley model is here proposed for a synthetic mucus representative of cystic fibrosis patients. The analysis is decomposed into a simplified model for steady state conditions and a full unsteady model.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"27 21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129096779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Based Study of Impact Loads Generated by Tornadoes and Hurricanes on Safety-critical Structures for Nuclear Structures","authors":"F. M. Mohee, F. Kamal, M. Freire-Gormaly","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1256","url":null,"abstract":"— Safety-related buildings and structures for nuclear plants require the design and analysis of tornado and hurricane generated missile impact load. Several Canadian provinces, including Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta are tornado prone. In Canada during the years 1980 to 2009, a total of 1,217 tornados were observed, including one F5 scale, five F4 scale, 24 F3 scale and 119 F2 scale tornadoes. These tornadoes pose critical risks to nuclear infrastructure due to the potential for missile generated impact loads from debris present in the tornado that can impact the nuclear structures. During the years, 1918 to 2014, seven F4 scale, 18 F3 scale and 126 F2 scale tornadoes were observed in Ontario. Meanwhile, several hurricanes hit the Eastern region provinces of Canada in recent history, including Hurricane Juan in September 2003 in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, and four hurricanes in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in 1963. In this work, an ANSYS based advanced computational simulation model framework was developed to investigate the effect of the tornado and hurricane generated missile impact load on nuclear structures. The explicit dynamics module in the ANSYS software was used for simulations and the preliminary results are presented. A database of materials and potential missile impact loads were identified for future investigations. For example, concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, and reinforced concrete walls with steel liner are relevant for further study. The 0.158 meter diameter and 4.58 meter long steel pipe missiles in 103 m/sec, 89 m/sec and 72 m/sec maximum wind speeds were also identified for further investigation. Lab based impact loading tests on scaled down samples were also studied.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132401380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Pressure and High Temperature Flash-boiling Atomization","authors":"A. Akbarnozari, S. Garmeh, C. Moreau, A. Dolatabadi","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1263","url":null,"abstract":"Flash atomization is a technique to generate fine spray which can be used for effective heat and momentum transfer. Pressure and temperature of liquid are among the main parameters to control the process. Nucleation, bubble formation, and atomization are stages of this process. Rapid heating or rapid depressurizing is used to make the metastable fluid and eventually the spray. Comprehensive understanding of characteristics of the spray is essential for applications such as heating and fuel injection. Therefore, in this research the effect of superheat degree on atomization was evaluated. Moreover, the effect of pressure and temperature of the fluid on spray characteristics were studied. The spray shape, breakup length, and spray angles were experimentally investigated to provide a better understanding and interpretation of observations. The result showed that a distinct dense core was surrounded with a sheath of less dense spray. An interesting finding from high-speed imaging is that the spray pulsation is negligible. It seems a high-quality spray is achievable as a result of flash-boiling atomization at high pressure and high temperature.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132007998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proper Orthogonal Decomposition of the Unsteady Pressure Field in the Three-Dimensional Wall Jet","authors":"B. Sim, Joseph W. Hall","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1187","url":null,"abstract":"—The streamwise variation in the unsteady wall pres- sure of a turbulent three-dimensional wall jet was examined using Proper Orthogonal Decompostion. Based on the exit velocity and the nozzle diameter, the Reynolds number of the wall jet was 140,000. The fluctuating wall pressure was measured using a two-dimensional lateral-streamwise array of 89 condenser microphones from x/D=5 to 15. The instantaneous pressure fluctuations showed strong lateral antisymmetry, which appeared to be linked to the lateral development of the flow. Instantaneous intermittent events convected downstream through the entire measurement region but were observed to change speed, slow down, surge forward, and convect laterally. The first two POD modes were antisymmetric and the next few higher modes appeared to be associated with lateral meandering of the jet. Low-order reconstructions of fluctuating wall pressure displayed the intermittency and meandering observed in the unsteady pressure field.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"335 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123334672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuum Dislocations and Active Single-slip Assumption in MicroMechanical analysis of Matrix Dominated Composite Unit cell","authors":"Temesgen Takele Kasa","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1257","url":null,"abstract":"The key purpose of this paper is to propose a mono-slip dependent continuum dislocation method to MDCS (matrix dominated composite structure) analysis. The methodology focused on the dissipation energy theories using CDM (continuum dislocations method) integrated with the kinematics of small strain. The mathematical modeling of CDM comprises active mono-slip system formulations, thermodynamic dislocation analysis (TDA), energy dissipation analysis on the free form, and the progressions of dislocations. Furthermore, the dissipation energy analysis due to dislocation progression could be formulated in zero and non-zero principle by using an energy minimization technique with variational calculus. The numerical analysis performed by Wolfram Mathematica©, presented in zero and non-zero energy dissipation forms. The outcomes indicate that the formulated approach could be well-qualified to find optimal analysis results for MDC (matrix dominated composite) materials for the mono-slip system. Generally, this approach confirms its ability to investigate MDCS by including inclusions inside the UC.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"93 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126106987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Method for Achieving Minimum Distance Collision-free Tool Path for Drilling","authors":"Zahra Khodabakhshi, S. A. Hosseini, A. Ghandehariun","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1254","url":null,"abstract":"- In recent years, many researchers have studied drilling tool path generation. Tool travelling time is a major portion of overall manufacturing time particularly in large scale items to be drilled. Nowadays, tool path is selected from a set of regular tool paths offered in CAM systems. These tool paths are mostly far from being the optimum path. In this paper, a new Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is utilized for generating a safe tool path in drilling processes. The developed optimization model can handle the objective function under multiple constraints, namely, returning to the tool origin rather than the initial hole to be drilled, considering all workpiece dimensions/corners for the initial position of the drill bit, as well as an obstacle constraint to generate a collision free trajectory. Performance of the proposed model is obtained for different initial tool positions on all corners of the workpiece. The results prove that the model can solve the problem in a timely manner and is able to generate an optimum safe path for tool traverse.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134374325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Quadrotors","authors":"H. Daniali, N. Azad","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1180","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a computationally fast scheme for implementing Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) as a high-level controller for unmanned quadrotors. The NMPC-based controller is designed using a more realistic highly nonlinear control-oriented model which requires heavy computations for practical implementations. To deal with this issue, the Newton generalized minimal residual (Newton/GMRES) method is applied to solve the NMPC’s real-time optimizations rapidly during the control process. The Kalman filter and Luenberger observer algorithms are used, as well as compared, to estimate unknown states. The NMPC-based controller operation is simulated and compared with a proportional controller which shows great improvements in the response of the quadrotor. Experimental results using a commercial drone, called AR.Drone, in our laboratory instrumented by a Vicon motion capture system demonstrate that our control method is sufficiently fast for practical implementations and it can solve the trajectory tracking problem properly. Keywords-predictive control of nonlinear systems; optimal control; autonomous robots","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130528424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Principle of Minimal Potential Energy of Mixed Variables to Solve the Bending of Cantilever Rectangular Plate under Uniform Load","authors":"Xin-min Liu, Jiaqing Jiang, Jing-bo Dong, D. Guo","doi":"10.2991/iceep-18.2018.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2991/iceep-18.2018.117","url":null,"abstract":",China The bending problem of cantilever rectangular plates has always been a problem for mechanics. Usually, the solution to this kind of problem is solved by numerical calculation methods due to the complexity of its boundary conditions, or it is estimated by the classic energy principle. In this paper, the principle of the minimum potential energy of mixed variables is used to solve the bending problem of a cantilever rectangular plate under uniformly distributed load by assuming the curved surface equation of a rectangular plate through the mixed expression of hyperbolic function and triangular series. The solution process is clear, and the numerical results of MATLAB are compared with the results of ANSYS finite element analysis, which verifies the accuracy of the numerical results. The results show that the principle of mixed variable minimum potential energy is correct to solve the rectangular thin plate bending problem and can be directly applied to practical engineering.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125877361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}