Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3最新文献

{"title":"Development of a Kinematic Simulation Tool to Study Cylindrical Plunge Grinding","authors":"A. Patel, Blake Tannahill, R. Bauer, A. Warkentin","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.113","url":null,"abstract":"— This paper presents a novel cylindrical plunge grinding kinematic simulator which can be used to help predict the surface roughness of ground workpieces. To significantly reduce simulation time, an innovative linear interpolation approximation approach was used. For the conditions studied, this approach was found to reduce simulation time on subsequent wheel revolutions from 274s per wheel revolution down to only 5.37 ⨯ 10 −4 s per wheel revolution – at the expense of increasing the errors in the resulting workpiece profiles by, on average, only 1.8nm. Experiments were then carried out for three different speed ratios (4.41, 4.59 and 4.78) to validate the simulator. It was found that there was excellent agreement between the experimental and simulated arithmetic mean workpiece surface roughness for the speed ratios tested.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126640514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Study of Droplet Generation in Co-flow Microfluidics","authors":"Z. Chen, F. Huang, P. Tsai, A. Komrakova","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1143","url":null,"abstract":"Droplet-based microfluidics has recently become an emerging platform for generating useful and controllable monodisperse droplets. Consequently, microfluidic droplet devices have a variety of beneficial applications in the fields of chemical engineering, analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical, material engineering, and lab-on-a-chip technologies. During the formation process of microfluidic droplets, surfactants are often added experimentally to aid the stability of emulsions. However, additive surfactants can significantly influence the droplet dynamics because their spatially-varying concentrations can alter the interfacial tension locally, thereby inducing a Marangoni stress at the liquid-liquid interfaces and affecting the flow field. In this work, we numerically investigate the flow dynamics and emulsion size of surfactant-laden droplets in a co-flow microfluidic device for monodisperse droplet generation. As a benchmark case, we first simulate and validate the droplet generation process in a free-surfactant environment. More specifically, we perform two-dimensional numerical simulations of an immiscible liquid-liquid co-flow, with equal density and viscosity of the liquids in microchannels. A diffuse interface phase-field lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to calculate the flow field. By altering the flow rate of the dispersed and continuous phases, we observed the monodisperse droplets with varying sizes. We investigate the effect of the flow-rate ratio on the size of monodisperse droplets generated in the coflow microfluidics. Consistent with recent experimental results, we found both squeezing and dripping mode of the drop generation in the Capillary number range between 4·10-3 and 8·10-2. In addition, we study the influences of Reynolds number and Capillary number on both the dynamics of droplet generation and the final size of the emulsions. Our near-future work includes the simulations using immiscible liquids with large density and viscosity ratio. We will further discuss our simulation results of the surfactant effect on the emulsion dynamics and size in co-flow microfluidics.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127702043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment Analysis of Cutting Temperature in Near Dry Machining of Stainless Steel AISI-202","authors":"J. Singh, Gurpreet Singh","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.24","url":null,"abstract":"—The tool wear produced in metal cutting operations due to high friction at tool work interface, which affect the tool life, product quality. For reducing the friction at tool work inter- face the various lubricants are used for cooling and lubrication. But Cooling and lubrication of work piece is dependent upon type of lubricant and lubrication methods used. The different Cooling and lubrication are Conventional Flood lubrication, near dry machining, Cryogenic cooling and cooling by Nano particle mixed with different oils. But Machining in current scenario is different from few years ago, because of high productivity, accuracy and environment. So it is necessity of present day of machining to work with technology which would not affect the environment and give the better quality of products. As already been mentioned that the cooling and lubrication ability of any technique depends upon the type of lubricant but there is lack of study on the distance of cooling nozzle from the cutting zone, angle of nozzle during turning operation. So therefore the effect of varying the nozzle distance on cutting temperature. The experimentation has been conducted by turning of A1S1- 202 stainless steel with Dry, Flood and Near dry machining with vegetable based oil. The temperature has been measured by K- thermocouple. The vegetable oil has been selected because of its environmental friendly conduct and does not produce health endanger, like mineral oil at some stage in flood lubrication .The present investigations show that there is Considerable variation in cutting temperature when nozzle distance and angle is varied. NDM in present study has reduced the Cutting temperature by 30 to 50%.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133247536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating Polymer Mass Transfer by Analogy to Heat Transfer at Very Large Prandtl Numbers","authors":"Joshua White, T. Jeans, Gordon Holloway","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1141","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that a small concentration of polymer in the boundary layer can produce significant drag reduction. This has been studied extensively for internal flow and polymer injection in an external flow; though much is still not understood. Significant effort has focused on the PEG poly(ethylene glycol) / PEO poly(ethylene oxide) polymer for drag reduction. More recently external flow research has focused on drag reduction for ships. This work focuses on the novel use of an ablative polymer paint to induce drag reduction on submarine geometries. In order to simulate polymer drag reduction from an ablative polymer, first the polymer mass flux from the surface must be determined and then the polymer must be tracked as it is convected along the surface of the hull. To do this, polymer concentration is treated as a passive scalar. However, there are very few experimental high Schmidt number studies of mass transfer available and most computational fluid dynamics solvers do not have well developed passive scalar transport models. Alternatively, one can use the heat transfer models and the analogy between heat and mass transfer. It therefore becomes necessary to quantify the equivalencies between polymer concentration and temperature. It is known that approximate concentrations of PEG from 10 – 200 wppm at the wall can generate drag reduction with 200 wppm reaching the maximum drag reduction asymptote. In the analogy, this equates to a temperature rise ΔT of 2.4  10 -6 to 4.8  10 -5 °K in water, a very small equivalent temperature rise is able to cause a significant drag reduction in the analogy. High molecular weight polymers are typically used in drag reduction applications, for example being Dow Chemical WSR301 a PEG polymer of molecular weight of 4  10 6 g/mol. Polymer theory can predict, for a random coil polymer in a solvent, a diffusivity from the Stokes-Einstein equation. An estimate for diffusivity for very low concentrations of PEG for molecular weight 4  10 6 in water will be on the order of 10 -12 m 2 /s. This results in an equivalent Prandtl number (Pr) on the order of 10 6 . Mass transfer of benzoic acid dissolving into glycerine-water solutions is known to approach an analogous Pr of 10 6 . Pr >>10 2 have not been studied extensively, as oils are only in the 100s. The finite volume solver has been verified against flat plate heat transfer for air, water, and technical oil. Results will be presented for Pr up to 10 6 under steady flow.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134633029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vortex Identification around Ahmed body in turbulent flows","authors":"R. Aranha, Dipal M Patel, M. Agelin-Chaab","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133069724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of the Maximum Entropy Principle to Approximate Turbulent Probability Density Functions","authors":"R. Derksen","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.22","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental problem of turbulence is closing the infinite sequence of equations that result from the application of Reynolds averaging to the governing equations. These equations model the moments of the turbulent probability density function, PDF, such as the first, second, and higher order moments, with each equation depending on higher order moments. The ability to relate the set of moments of order n to moments of order n+1 would truncate the sequence of equations resulting in a closed, finite system of equations. Boltzmann showed that the entropy of a thermodynamic state is proportional to the log of the probability of its existence and relates entropy to chaos. This concept was fully developed for information theory by Shannon. The result of Shannon’s work is that it results in a constructive criterion to develop probability distributions based on partial knowledge, a type of statistical inference called the maximum entropy principle. This approach was proposed by Jaynes to solve problems in statistical mechanics. It can be argued that the statistical character of the fluctuations found in turbulence should also follow a maximum entropy principle as supported by Townsend’s statement that the turbulent fluctuations are an intermediate state between the energy of the flow and ultimately heat. The maximum entropy method determines the PDF that maximizes the entropy subject to several constraints. One method is to use a finite number of lower order moments. This method has a simple solution for single and multiple degrees of freedom. The presentation will review the analytical solutions to the maximum entropy method for both single and multiple degrees of freedom. A review of the comparison of the moments generated from a maximum entropy approximation for a single degree of freedom using data for velocity, skin-friction, and temperature fluctuations. The comparisons are based on constraining the first four measured moments and comparing the computed fifth and sixth moments to the corresponding measured moments. The presentation will give the maximum entropy distribution for multiple degrees of freedom. Additionally, the presentation will discuss the number of degrees of freedom, the number of constraints required, as well as the resultant constraint equations that exist for a turbulent flow.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114758508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation-the-Effect-Mixing-Grain-Size-and-Epoxy-Glue-Content-on-Index-Properties-of-Synthetic-Sandstone-Sample","authors":"Ekhwaiter Abobaker, Abadelhalim Elsanoose, M. Rahman, A. Aborig, Yan Zhang, Edison A. Sripal","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.92","url":null,"abstract":": Evaluating petroleum reserves requires an initial investigation of the relevant petrophysical characteristics of a target area’s sandstones. In general, the most common type of host rocks represented in the hydrocarbon reservoirs are sedimentary rocks, which includes sandstone. This paper presents a technique for preparing four homogenises synthetic sandstone samples that can be applied in the hydrocarbon recovery projects. The approach mixes sand together with epoxy glue and can be employed in the evaluation of synthetic sand plug characteristics and then compared with fine-grained sandstone sample. The study conducted extensive laboratory testing using lab-created synthetic sandstone samples of four sandstone grain sizes. The three synthetic sandstone samples were made from four different sandstone grain sizes, and one sample was a mixture of two different grain size with various amount of epoxy. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to first characterize and then analyze the pore morphology and index properties for the synthetic samples. The index properties included permeability, porosity, median pore diameter, tortuosity, and pore size distribution. The experimental results indicated that weak solidified sandstone index characteristics are strongly affected by both mixing and grain size. In addition, SEM map images revealing pore morphologies and homogenises grain distribution of the tested samples indicate that grains that undergo reductions in size require additional epoxy glue content, likely due to binder distribution of glue among the small grains.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125143804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Passive Vibration Assisted Rotary Drilling Tool with the Help of Bold Graphs","authors":"Dipesh Maharjan, G. Rideout, S. Butt, Jeronimo De Moura Junior","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1196","url":null,"abstract":"—The use of passive-Vibration Assisted Rotary Drilling (p-VARD) tool to improve drilling performance has been experimented and well documented in many occasions. In addition to increasing the Dynamic Downhole Weight on Bit (DDWOB), the use of this tool has also reported in improvement in the drilling rate of penetration. The works until now are limited to experimental studies and lack the explanation as to how it actually works. Theoretically, adding a p-VARD tool increases the compliance of the drill string in an axial direction allowing the drill bit to oscillate axially. In this paper, a mass-spring-damper bond graph model of p-VARD tool is built in 20-Sim. The spring is modelled with the help of Almen-Laszlo’s load-deflection equation for Belleville springs and the damper is modelled as neoprene rubbers with moderate damping ratio. The bit-rock interaction is represented in the form of a source of flow providing sinusoidal displacement to the drill bit and the oscillating portion of the p-VARD tool. A parametric analysis of the drilling system consisting of a pVARD tool shows that the resonating frequency of the system can be lowered to a workable range with the help of this tool thus allowing it to resonate and amplify the impact generated. Similarly, this modeling tool also enables us to study the parameters which may flatten the Belleville springs. A stack of flat springs is as stiff as the rigid drill string and this terminates the impact generated by the resonance. Results show that spring and damper inside the p-VARD tool can be tuned to be operated at different Weight on Bit (WOB) and excitation parameters.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126294920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Modeling of a Paraffin-based Concrete Thermal Storage System","authors":"Reza Daneshazarian, H. V. Nguyen, A. Mwesigye, Sylvie Antoun, S. Dworkin","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.95","url":null,"abstract":"Ground source heat pump systems (GSHPs) are considered a clean and sustainable alternative to conventional heating and cooling technologies and are becoming more popular as concerns of greenhouse gas emissions increase. GSHPs use the ground, which remains at a relatively constant temperature throughout the year, as a heat source in the winter heating season and as a heat sink in the summer cooling season. However, the repetition of heating/cooling cycles can lead to thermal imbalance in the ground over a period of years causing a failure to operate in the long term. Another challenge with GSHPs is the drilling space, which is largely a function of the number of borehole heat exchangers required to meet different building loads, and is often unappealing in densely populated cities. To combat these challenges, hybrid GSHP systems that integrate a thermal energy storage (TES) medium such as phase change material (PCM) offers a viable and economically beneficial retrofit option compared to conventional GSHPs. The latent heat storage medium (PCM) goes through melting/freezing cycles for charging/discharging of heat. Each PCM is characterized with a specific phase change temperature and thermophysical properties which render its selection very critical depending on the building loads and operating conditions. Determining the thermodynamic performance of the hybrid GSHP as a function of PCM material is required to fully understand the implications of integrating the proper material that is safe, sustainable and capable of meeting the different building loads. In this study, three different paraffin based PCMs with different latent heats and melting temperatures (6.5 o C, 15 o C, and 24 o C) are being investigated for three types of building: heating dominant, cooling dominant and balanced. A numerical model based on finite element analysis is developed for a storage tank with a 0.5-m diameter and 1-m height,","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129250041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Vibration Characteristics of a Thin-Walled Ring Under Different Boundary Conditions","authors":"Javad Mohammad Abedinilaksar, Jianming Yang","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1164","url":null,"abstract":"—This paper investigates the natural frequencies of a thin-walled Euler-Bernoulli ring under different boundary conditions with an analytical method. The free in-plane vibration problem of the system is solved in this work and analytical results are validated with numerical solutions obtained from simulations done in ABAQUS package. Comparing the cases of hinged and fixed supports, both analytical and FEM methods confirmed that the natural frequencies for the case of having fixed supports are considerably higher.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129281309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}