Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3最新文献

{"title":"Hardware and Software Project Management Best Practices for Small Satellite Systems","authors":"Andrada Zoltan, Richard Arthurs","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1139","url":null,"abstract":"—The Command and Data Handling Team for the ORCASat CubeSat project, funded by the Canadian Space Agency, is responsible for delivering a space-ready on-board computer, supporting testing infrastructure, and ground control mission software in a three-year timeline by the launch date in 2021. Members of this team are distributed across two universities and consist of undergraduate students contributing part-time to the project. Co-lead by two individuals, the team has implemented several techniques and practices to handle the challenges that come with managing remote work. We present the methods that have been employed in the management of this team, including meeting format, team communication software, use of version control and task tracking software, and practices for long-term planning. The standardization of a design process methodology, from requirements definition to implementation, is also discussed as it has greatly helped increase the efficiency of the team as a whole. Many of the methods employed in the management of this team were originally based upon well-known software development methodologies, adjusted to meet the needs of combined hardware and software projects. Lessons learned from the management of previous student design team projects were also incorporated into the current management strategy. These techniques are tailored to the rigorous demands of a small spacecraft development program and have contributed to the rapid development of the project and the successes of the team thus far. Employing similar methods would be useful to any other program working under a similar timeline and team composition to that of a student-driven CubeSat development program like ORCASat.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124593693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Elasto-Mechanical Behavior of Rubbers","authors":"B. Yenigun, E. Gkouti, A. Czekanski, G. Barbaraci, K. Jankowski","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1177","url":null,"abstract":"— This study aims to experimentally compare the elasto-mechanical behaviors of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM), neoprene rubber, silicone rubber, and natural rubber. Rubbers were tested under uniaxial, equibiaxial, and planar loading for five different samples of each material, and the average values have been calculated. Based on the experimental results, a rubber identification was performed by using different rubber models such as Ogden, Mooney-Rivlin, etc. presented in the literature. The result of this study demonstrated that the EPDM rubber showed the highest stress value compared to the other rubbers, silicone rubber, and natural rubber showed similar behavior. Moreover, Neoprene rubber showed the lowest stress value.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128343969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Recurrent Neural Networks Approach for Estimating the Core Temperature in Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Olaoluwa Ojo, Xianke Lin, H. Lang, Youngki Kim","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.130","url":null,"abstract":"— The safety and reliability of Lithium-ion batteries are increasingly critical, especially as more products on the market are powered by them. The core temperature of batteries is one of the important factors to consider when improving safety, longevity, and performance. To overcome the inability to practically obtain direct core temperature measurements, this paper proposes a neural network-based estimation method using a gated recurrent unit. This approach can estimate the core temperature to a high level of accuracy using commonly measured signals such as voltage, current, state of charge, ambient and surface temperatures. Experimental results demonstrate excellent estimation performances over cycling and between different batteries of the same type. The proposed method does not require a strenuous parameter tuning operation, model derivation and simplification, or a deep understanding of the electrochemical processes in the battery. It should be also highlighted that, compared to the other available options in literature, this technique has the advantage of easy implementation.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"834 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123019834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Atmospheric Water Harvesting Device","authors":"A. Adeyanju","doi":"10.32393/CSME.2020.1278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/CSME.2020.1278","url":null,"abstract":"A semi-open atmospheric water harvesting device using atmospheric water vapor processing technology was designed and built. The processor is a device which extract water molecules from the atmosphere, ultimately causing a phase change from vapor to liquid. This is done by concentrating air, containing water vapor through a solid desiccant. Then heating the desiccant to remove the air and allow it to condense and then collect the condensate. The research focuses on the development of a relationship for the amount of silica gel to the amount of water produced to determine the sufficient amount required for the specific application. This relationship was found to be 𝑀 𝑤 = 1.0776 𝑀 𝑠 − 0.4752, with a solar panel efficiency of 10.7%. The recorded values collected were then used to calculate the amount of water produced and were compared to the actual amount of water collected. The study concentrates on the extracting potable water from air especially with respect to the remote/rural arid places with deficit of natural fresh water and electricity supply. Solar energy as a power supply were focused on with discussing their strengths and limitations.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127730537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Temporal Gait Event Detection Methods in Detecting Ice-Skating Temporal Events","authors":"A. Khandan, Jason P. Carey, H. Rouhani","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.120","url":null,"abstract":"Objective assessment of an ice skater’s motions during training sessions and matches helps coaches to monitor the player performance continuously. The initial step to developing a technology to assess the performance is to detect temporal skating events precisely. Our objective is to investigate the effectiveness of gait event detection methods in detecting skating events using Inertial Measurement Units (IMU). Four highly–cited gait event detection methods using inertial sensors in literature were adopted to detect Skate Strike (SS) and Blades-Off (BO) in skating. Aminian et al. (2002) suggested an algorithmic method based on wavelet analysis to detect heel strikes and toe-offs during gait from the angular velocity of lower limbs. Salarian et al. (2004) and Mariani et al. (2010) respectively, proposed that two negative peaks of the angular velocity of the lower limb and foot are associated with heel strike and toe-off. Mariani et al. (2013) evaluated 24 feature extraction methods to obtain the gait events and suggested that the maximum and minimum of the absolute value of the foot acceleration signal ( ‖ A ‖ ) can detect heel strike and toe-off in gait better than other signal features. These studies did not elaborate on the definition of the sensors frame or a functional calibration procedure to align these frames with anatomical frames of the body segments, and thus we had to add a presumption. To implement these methods in our studies, we presumed that the angular velocity described in these studies was the angular velocity about the anatomical frame of the segment. Therefore, we virtually rotated the IMU frames and aligned them with the anatomical studies above using a functional calibration procedure suggested in Nazarahari et al. (2019). We attached two IMU (Xsens Technologies, NL) on both skates and two on the lower legs of three participants. We also placed two pressure insoles (Pedar system) into their skates, used as a","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129261760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effects of Infill Pattern and Percentage on Drug Release from 3D Printed Scaffolds","authors":"A. Chapman, E. Naseri, Sydney K. Wheatley, R. Tasker, A. Ahmadi","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1288","url":null,"abstract":"—A recent understanding of the broad dose ranges of mass-produced drug delivery systems has increased the demand for patient-tailored matrices. The fabrication process with conventional techniques, however, is inefficient and needs to be restructured. The adjustment of 3D printing parameters can be investigated as an alternative method of controlling drug release. In this study, the combined effect of infill percentage and infill pattern on the release of 3D printed scaffolds were examined over a 50-hour period. The model drug, Rhodamine B, was combined with a highly degradable polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL). It was concluded that surface area played a key role in the release over time, thus indicating this study will aid in restructuring the production of personalized drug-delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"112 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127151058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Reaction Wheel Configuration and Control Law Pairings for CubeSats in the Presence of Faults","authors":"A. Newton, Elyse Hill, S. Gadsden, M. Biglarbegian, Simon X. Yang","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1147","url":null,"abstract":"— In this paper, the attitude control of a model CubeSat was simulated using the nonlinear control techniques of feedback linearization and sliding mode control. The dynamic model of the CubeSat was derived based on a reaction wheel actuation system, which was presented in two configurations. The performance of the controllers on the CubeSat were compared in a nominal mode of operation and a faulty mode of operation. The benefit to combining a controller with a specific reaction wheel configuration was also evaluated based on the root mean squared error of the CubeSat attitude and angular velocities. Results show that a sliding mode controller performs better than a feedback linearization controller with a pyramid configuration in a fault mode. However, using attitude error as the evaluation metric for any potential controller-configuration relationship is tenable and other evaluation parameters should be considered","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127087830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of Energy Stable Flux Reconstruction on Generalized Three-dimensional Curvilinear Grids for Linear Advection","authors":"A. Cicchino, S. Nadarajah","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1151","url":null,"abstract":"The flux reconstruction method initially proposed by H.T. Huynh in his seminal paper, has gained popularity in the research community as it recovers promising high-order methods through modally filtered correction fields, such as the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method, on unstructured grids over complex geometries. The attraction of the method follows with its stability proofs for the linear advection problem on linear elements, under a class of energy stable flux reconstruction (ESFR) schemes also known as Vincent-Castonguay-Jameson-Huynh (VCJH) schemes. This paper expands the proof to three-dimensional curvilinear elements with nonlinear Jacobians. Additionally, by considering ESFR as a filtered DG scheme, this paper shows a trivial way to solve for the correction functions along faces with nonlinear Jacobians. Also, this paper verifies that the ESFR schemes can in fact be taken as a filtered DG scheme in both strong and weak forms. The main result of this paper is that the energy stability criteria for three-dimensional curvilinear elements results identically to the linear one-dimensional ESFR strong form case for both the ESFR strong and weak forms.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128066571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Mixing Performance of a Static Mixer Using Computational Fluid Dynamics","authors":"Kanishk Patel, A. Komrakova","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.1236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.1236","url":null,"abstract":"Static mixers are in-line motionless devices that can be placed into a pipe to promote the blending of miscible fluids or dispersion of immiscible liquids. These inserts are characterized by the mixing performance and the pressure drop they create. New designs of static mixers are continuously proposed to meet certain requirements of the final product. Instead of manufacturing numerous prototypes of different designs and conducting costly experiments to assess the characteristics of the inserts, it is suggested to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to visualize and quantify new insert designs. In this study, we demonstrate how CFD can be efficiently used to quantify the mixing performance of a six-element Kenics mixer. A system of two miscible liquids is numerically replicated by considering a single-phase incompressible flow coupled with the solution of a passive scalar equation that replicates the injection of similar fluid with dye in it. A commercial CFD package STAR-CCM+, Siemens PLM was used to perform simulations. Three-dimensional, transient, incompressible, single-phase, turbulent flow across the Kenics mixer, corresponding to a Reynolds number of 12 000 is analyzed. Three turbulence models are considered: realizable k-ε , EB k- ε and Reynolds stress model. To ensure mesh independence, the problem is simulated on three successively refined structured grids with the finest mesh consisting of 10 million cells. The obtained numerical data agree well with the available experimental data: the deviation of the pressure drop estimate is below 10%. A weak dependence of mixing on the choice of turbulence model is also investigated. The mixing performance is assessed by evaluating variation in concentration, mixing scales and the cause for their characteristic changes during the process. Novel definitions to quantify spatial or temporal segregation of scalar concentration are proposed to provide deeper insight into mixing. A strong correlation between the location of the passive scalar injection point and the mixing efficiency was also observed, which helped in predicting the injection location that yields the maximum mixing efficiency.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126671148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Temperature on the Fatigue Life of Natural Rubber","authors":"Can-hui Zhang,, A. Czekanski","doi":"10.32393/csme.2020.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.124","url":null,"abstract":"— Natural rubber is widely used in industrial applications owning to its good elasticity and ductility. Studying the fatigue performance of rubber is important, as it affects the service life of rubber products. This paper focuses on how temperature affects the fatigue lifetime of natural rubber during tensile testing. The fundings of tensile testing show that below 50 °C, proper heating can increase the lifetime of natural rubber. However, when the temperature exceeds 50 °C and continues to increase, the fatigue life of rubber decreases. Different crack propagation modes dominate at different temperatures, resulting in different fracture surfaces.","PeriodicalId":184087,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127382012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}